170 lines
5.7 KiB
Groff
170 lines
5.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" This code is derived from software written and contributed
|
|
.\" to Berkeley by William Jolitz.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Almost completely rewritten for FreeBSD 2.1 by Joerg Wunsch.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)boot_i386.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" $Id$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd April 19, 1994
|
|
.Dt BOOT 8 i386
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm boot
|
|
.Nd
|
|
system bootstrapping procedures
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
.Sy Power fail and crash recovery.
|
|
Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
|
|
An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed,
|
|
and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Sy Cold starts.
|
|
Most 386
|
|
.Tn "PC AT"
|
|
clones attempt to boot the floppy disk drive 0 (otherwise known as
|
|
drive A:) first, and failing that, attempt to boot the hard disk
|
|
controller 1, drive 0 (otherwise known as drive C:, or drive 0x80 in
|
|
the BIOS). The automatic boot will attempt to load
|
|
.Pa /kernel
|
|
from partition
|
|
.Ql a
|
|
of either the floppy or the hard disk.
|
|
This boot may be aborted by typing any character on the keyboard
|
|
at the
|
|
.Ql Boot:
|
|
prompt. At this time, the following input will be accepted:
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width 10x
|
|
.It \&?
|
|
Give a short listing of the files in the root directory of the default
|
|
boot device, as a hint about available boot files.
|
|
.It Op ctrlr(unit,part) Op /filename Op Fl abcCdhrsv
|
|
Specify boot file and flags.
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width 10x -compact
|
|
.It ctrlr
|
|
The controller to boot from. Note that the controller is required
|
|
to have BIOS support since the BIOS services are used to load the
|
|
boot file image.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Common controller names are:
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width "wdXX" -compact
|
|
.It wd
|
|
ST506, IDE, ESDI, RLL disks on a WD100[2367] or lookalike
|
|
controller
|
|
.It fd
|
|
5 1/4" or 3 1/2" High density floppies
|
|
.It sd
|
|
SCSI disk on any supported SCSI controller
|
|
.It cd
|
|
boot from CDROM
|
|
.It hd
|
|
Pseudo-controller, must be used to specify that unit number
|
|
1 (known to the BIOS as drive 0x81) is on a different controller
|
|
than unit number 0. This can happen for the wd vs. sd case.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It unit
|
|
The unit number of the drive on the controller being used. Either 0
|
|
or 1 for the wd and fd and most sd controllers, between 0 and 6 for
|
|
some newer sd controllers.
|
|
.It part
|
|
The partition letter inside the BSD portion of the disk. See
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8 .
|
|
By convention, only partition
|
|
.Ql a
|
|
contains a bootable image. If sliced disks are used
|
|
.Pq Dq fdisk partitions ,
|
|
only the first BSD slice can be used to boot from. The partition
|
|
letter does always refer to this slice then.
|
|
.It /filename
|
|
The pathname of the file to boot; must be inside the root directory
|
|
of the specified partition. Defaults to
|
|
.Pa /kernel .
|
|
Symbolic links are not supported (hard links are).
|
|
.It Fl abcCdhrsv
|
|
Boot flags:
|
|
.Bl -tag -offset indent -width "-CXX" -compact
|
|
.It Fl a
|
|
ask for the device to install as root file system during kernel
|
|
initialization
|
|
.It Fl b
|
|
do not automatically reboot after shutdown or crash
|
|
.It Fl c
|
|
run UserConfig to modify hardware parameters for the loaded
|
|
kernel
|
|
.It Fl C
|
|
boot from CDROM
|
|
.It Fl d
|
|
enter the DDB kernel debugger
|
|
.Pq see Xr ddb 4
|
|
before configuring any device (except the system's console)
|
|
.It Fl h
|
|
toggle serial/graphics console
|
|
.It Fl r
|
|
do not establish the root directory of the file system
|
|
hierarchy on the device where the boot file is being loaded
|
|
from
|
|
.It Fl s
|
|
boot into single-user mode; if the console is marked as
|
|
.Dq insecure
|
|
.Pq see Xr ttys 5 ,
|
|
the root password must be entered
|
|
.It Fl v
|
|
be verbose during device probing
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /kernelxx -compact
|
|
.It Pa /kernel
|
|
system code
|
|
.\" .It Pa /boot
|
|
.\" system bootstrap
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr ddb 4 ,
|
|
.Xr ttys 5 ,
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8 ,
|
|
.Xr halt 8 ,
|
|
.Xr reboot 8 ,
|
|
.Xr shutdown 8
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
The disklabel format used by this version of
|
|
.Bx
|
|
is quite
|
|
different from that of other architectures.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The boot flags are not very self-explanatory, and the alphabet has
|
|
too few characters to implement every potentially useful boot option.
|