342 lines
10 KiB
Groff
342 lines
10 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $Id: ping6.8,v 1.4 1999/10/07 05:29:03 itojun Exp $
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd May 17, 1998
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.Dt PING6 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ping6
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.Nd send
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.Tn ICMPv6 ECHO_REQUEST
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packets to network hosts
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl AdEfnqRrvw
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.Op Fl a Ar addrtype
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.Op Fl b Ar bufsiz
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.Op Fl c Ar count
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.Op Fl h Ar hoplimit
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.Op Fl I Ar interface
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.Op Fl i Ar wait
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.Op Fl l Ar preload
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.Op Fl p Ar pattern
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.Op Fl s Ar packetsize
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.Ar host
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl A
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Enables transport-mode IPsec authentication header.
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(experimental)
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.It Fl a Ar addrtype
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Generate ICMPv6 Node Information Node Addresses query, rather than echo-request.
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.Ar addrtype
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must be a string constructed of the following charaters.
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.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
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.It Ic a
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requires all the responder's unicast addresses.
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If the charater is ommited,
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only those addresses which belong to the interface which has the
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responder's address are required.
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.It Ic g
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requires responder's global-scope addresses.
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.It Ic s
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requires responder's site-local addresses.
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.It Ic l
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requires responder's link-local addresses.
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.It Ic A
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requires responder's anycast addresses.
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Without this character, the responder
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will return unicast addresses only.
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With this character, the responder
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will return anycast addresses only.
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Note that the specification does not specify how to get responder's
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anycast addresses.
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This is an experimental option.
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.El
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.It Fl b Ar bufsiz
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Set socket buffer size.
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.It Fl c Ar count
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Stop after sending
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.Pq and receiving
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.Ar count
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.Tn ECHO_RESPONSE
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packets.
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.It Fl d
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Set the
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.Dv SO_DEBUG
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option on the socket being used.
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.It Fl E
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Enables transport-mode IPsec encapsulated security payload.
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(experimental)
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.It Fl f
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Flood ping.
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Outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second,
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whichever is more.
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For every
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.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
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sent a period
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.Dq \&.
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is printed, while for every
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.Tn ECHO_REPLY
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received a backspace is printed.
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This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped.
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Only the super-user may use this option.
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.Bf -emphasis
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This can be very hard on a network and should be used with caution.
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.Ef
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.It Fl h Ar hoplimit
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Set the IPv6 hoplimit.
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.It Fl I Ar interface
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Source packets with the given interface address.
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This flag applies if the ping destination is a multicast address,
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or link-local/site-local unicast address.
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.It Fl i Ar wait
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Wait
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.Ar wait
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seconds
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.Em between sending each packet .
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The default is to wait for one second between each packet.
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This option is incompatible with the
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.Fl f
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option.
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.It Fl l Ar preload
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If
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.Ar preload
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is specified,
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.Nm ping
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sends that many packets as fast as possible before falling into its normal
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mode of behavior.
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Only the super-user may use this option.
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.It Fl n
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Numeric output only.
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No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses.
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.It Fl p Ar pattern
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You may specify up to 16
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.Dq pad
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bytes to fill out the packet you send.
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This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network.
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For example,
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.Dq Li \-p ff
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will cause the sent packet to be filled with all
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ones.
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.Fl Q
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flag,
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.Nm
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prints out any ICMP error messages caused by its own ECHO_REQUEST
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messages.
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.It Fl q
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Quiet output.
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Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and
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when finished.
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.It Fl R
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Record route.
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Includes the
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.Tn RECORD_ROUTE
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option in the
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.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
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packet and displays
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the route buffer on returned packets.
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Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes;
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the
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.Xr traceroute 8
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command is usually better at determining the route packets take to a
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particular destination.
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Many hosts ignore or discard the
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.Tn RECORD_ROUTE
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option.
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.It Fl r
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Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached
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network.
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If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned.
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This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface
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that has no route through it
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.Po
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e.g., after the interface was dropped by
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.Xr routed 8
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.Pc .
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.It Fl s Ar packetsize
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Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent.
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The default is 56, which translates into 64
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.Tn ICMP
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data bytes when combined
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with the 8 bytes of
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.Tn ICMP
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header data.
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You may need to specify
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.Fl b
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as well to extend socket buffer size.
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.It Fl v
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Verbose output.
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.Tn ICMP
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packets other than
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.Tn ECHO_RESPONSE
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that are received are listed.
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.It Fl w
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Generate ICMPv6 Node Information FQDN query, rather than echo-request.
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.Fl s
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has no effect if
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.Fl w
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is specified.
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.It Fl W
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Same as
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.Fl w .
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This option was remained for backward compatibility.
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.Fl s
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has no effect if
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.Fl w
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is specified.
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.El
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.Pp
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When using
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.Nm
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for fault isolation, it should first be run on the local host, to verify
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that the local network interface is up and running.
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Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be
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.Dq pinged .
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Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed.
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If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet
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loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used
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in calculating the round-trip time statistics.
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When the specified number of packets have been sent
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.Pq and received
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or if the program is terminated with a
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.Dv SIGINT ,
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a brief summary is displayed, showing the number of packets sent and
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received, and the minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation of
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the round-trip times.
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.Pp
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This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and
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management.
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Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use
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.Nm
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during normal operations or from automated scripts.
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.\" .Sh ICMP PACKET DETAILS
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.\" An IP header without options is 20 bytes.
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.\" An
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.\" .Tn ICMP
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.\" .Tn ECHO_REQUEST
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.\" packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth of
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.\" .Tn ICMP
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.\" header followed by an arbitrary amount of data.
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.\" When a
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.\" .Ar packetsize
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.\" is given, this indicated the size of this extra piece of data
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.\" .Pq the default is 56 .
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.\" Thus the amount of data received inside of an IP packet of type
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.\" .Tn ICMP
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.\" .Tn ECHO_REPLY
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.\" will always be 8 bytes more than the requested data space
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.\" .Pq the Tn ICMP header .
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.\" .Pp
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.\" If the data space is at least eight bytes large,
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.\" .Nm
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.\" uses the first eight bytes of this space to include a timestamp which
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.\" it uses in the computation of round trip times.
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.\" If less than eight bytes of pad are specified, no round trip times are
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.\" given.
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.Sh DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS
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.Nm Ping6
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will report duplicate and damaged packets.
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Duplicate packets should never occur when pinging a unicast address,
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and seem to be caused by
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inappropriate link-level retransmissions.
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Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely
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.Pq if ever
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a good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not
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always be cause for alarm.
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Duplicates are expected when pinging a broadcast or multicast address,
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since they are not really duplicates but replies from different hosts
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to the same request.
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.Pp
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Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often
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indicate broken hardware somewhere in the
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.Nm ping
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packet's path
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.Pq in the network or in the hosts .
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.Sh TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS
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The
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(inter)network
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layer should never treat packets differently depending on the data
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contained in the data portion.
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Unfortunately, data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into
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networks and remain undetected for long periods of time.
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In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is something
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that does not have sufficient
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.Dq transitions ,
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such as all ones or all zeros, or a pattern right at the edge, such as
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almost all zeros.
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It is not
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necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for example)
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on the command line because the pattern that is of interest is
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at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and
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what the controllers transmit can be complicated.
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.Pp
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This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably
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have to do a lot of testing to find it.
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If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either
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cannot
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be sent across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than
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other similar length files.
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You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test
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using the
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.Fl p
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option of
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.Nm Ns .
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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The
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.Nm
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command returns an exit status of zero if at least one response was
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heard from the specified
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.Ar host ;
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a status of two if the transmission was successful but no responses
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were received; or another value
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.Pq from Aq Pa sysexits.h
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if an error occurred.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr netstat 1 ,
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.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
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.Xr ping 8 ,
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.Xr routed 8 ,
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.Xr traceroute 8 ,
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.Xr traceroute6 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm ping
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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The
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.Nm
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command with IPv6 support first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack
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kit.
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.Pp
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IPv6 and IPsec support based on the KAME Project (http://www.kame.net/) stack
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was initially integrated into
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.Fx 4.0
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