349 lines
12 KiB
Groff
349 lines
12 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
|
|
.\" $Id: ifconfig.8,v 1.13 1997/05/03 23:03:56 peter Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd February 13, 1996
|
|
.Dt IFCONFIG 8
|
|
.Os BSD 4.2
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm ifconfig
|
|
.Nd configure network interface parameters
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm ifconfig
|
|
.Ar interface address_family
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
.Op Ar dest_address
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Op Ar parameters
|
|
.Nm ifconfig
|
|
.Op Fl m
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
.Op Ar protocol_family
|
|
.Nm ifconfig
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
.Op Fl m
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl u
|
|
.Op Ar protocol_family
|
|
.Nm ifconfig
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl u
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is used to assign an address
|
|
to a network interface and/or configure
|
|
network interface parameters.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
must be used at boot time to define the network address
|
|
of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
|
|
a later time to redefine an interface's address
|
|
or other operating parameters.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Available operands for
|
|
.Nm ifconfig :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Ar Address
|
|
For the
|
|
.Tn DARPA-Internet
|
|
family,
|
|
the address is either a host name present in the host name data
|
|
base,
|
|
.Xr hosts 5 ,
|
|
or a
|
|
.Tn DARPA
|
|
Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
|
|
.Dq dot notation .
|
|
.\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
|
|
.\" addresses are
|
|
.\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
|
|
.\" where
|
|
.\" .Ar net
|
|
.\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
|
|
.\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
|
|
.\" .Ar a
|
|
.\" through
|
|
.\" .Ar f ,
|
|
.\" are specified in hexadecimal.
|
|
.\" The host number may be omitted on 10Mb/s Ethernet interfaces,
|
|
.\" which use the hardware physical address,
|
|
.\" and on interfaces other than the first.
|
|
.\" For the
|
|
.\" .Tn ISO
|
|
.\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
|
|
.\" as in the Xerox family. However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
|
|
.\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
|
|
.\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
|
|
.It Ar address_family
|
|
Specifies the
|
|
.Ar address family
|
|
which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
|
|
Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
|
|
with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
|
|
The address or protocol families currently
|
|
supported are
|
|
.Dq inet ,
|
|
.Dq atalk ,
|
|
.\" .Dq iso ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq ipx .
|
|
.\" and
|
|
.\" .Dq ns .
|
|
.It Ar Interface
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
parameter is a string of the form
|
|
.Dq name unit ,
|
|
for example,
|
|
.Dq en0
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters may be set with
|
|
.Nm ifconfig :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width dest_addressxx
|
|
.It Cm alias
|
|
Establish an additional network address for this interface.
|
|
This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
|
|
one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
|
|
.It Cm arp
|
|
Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol in mapping
|
|
between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
|
|
This is currently implemented for mapping between
|
|
.Tn DARPA
|
|
Internet
|
|
addresses and 10Mb/s Ethernet addresses.
|
|
.It Fl arp
|
|
Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol.
|
|
.It Cm broadcast
|
|
(Inet only)
|
|
Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
|
|
network.
|
|
The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
|
|
.It Cm debug
|
|
Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
|
|
extra console error logging.
|
|
.It Fl debug
|
|
Disable driver dependent debugging code.
|
|
.It Cm delete
|
|
Remove the network address specified.
|
|
This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
|
|
was no longer needed.
|
|
If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
|
|
of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
|
|
allow you to respecify the host portion.
|
|
.It Cm dest_address
|
|
Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
|
|
of a point to point link.
|
|
.It Cm down
|
|
Mark an interface ``down''. When an interface is
|
|
marked ``down'', the system will not attempt to
|
|
transmit messages through that interface.
|
|
If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
|
|
This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
|
|
.\" .It Cm ipdst
|
|
.\" This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
|
|
.\" ip packets encapsulating NS packets bound for a remote network.
|
|
.\" An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
|
|
.\" the address specified will be taken as the NS address and network
|
|
.\" of the destination.
|
|
.\" IP encapsulation of
|
|
.\" .Tn CLNP
|
|
.\" packets is done differently.
|
|
.It Cm media Ar type
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
|
|
of the interface to
|
|
.Ar type .
|
|
Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
|
|
different physical media connectors. For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet
|
|
interface might support the use of either
|
|
.Tn AUI
|
|
or twisted pair connectors. Setting the media type to
|
|
.Dq 10base5/AUI
|
|
would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
|
|
Setting it to
|
|
.Dq 10baseT/UTP
|
|
would activate twisted pair. Refer to the interfaces' driver
|
|
specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
|
|
available types.
|
|
.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
|
|
media options on the interface.
|
|
.Ar opts
|
|
is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
|
|
Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
|
|
list of available options.
|
|
.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
|
|
specified media options on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm metric Ar n
|
|
Set the routing metric of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default 0.
|
|
The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr routed 8 .
|
|
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
|
|
less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
|
|
to the destination network or host.
|
|
.It Cm mtu Ar n
|
|
Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default is interface specific.
|
|
The mtu is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
|
|
interface.
|
|
Not all interfaces support setting the mtu, and some interfaces have
|
|
range restrictions.
|
|
.It Cm netmask Ar mask
|
|
.\" (Inet and ISO)
|
|
(Inet only)
|
|
Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
|
|
networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The mask includes the network part of the local address
|
|
and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
|
|
The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
|
|
with a leading 0x, with a dot-notation Internet address,
|
|
or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
|
|
.Xr networks 5 .
|
|
The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
|
|
which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
|
|
and 0's for the host part.
|
|
The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
|
|
and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
|
|
portion.
|
|
.\" see
|
|
.\" Xr eon 5 .
|
|
.\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
|
|
.\" .Pf ( Tn ISO
|
|
.\" only)
|
|
.\" This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
|
|
.\" used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
|
|
.\" taken to be the
|
|
.\" .Tn NET
|
|
.\" (Network Entity Title).
|
|
.\" The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
|
|
.\" .Tn GOSIP .
|
|
.\" When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
|
|
.\" it is really the
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
|
|
.\" which is being specified.
|
|
.\" For example, in
|
|
.\" .Tn US GOSIP ,
|
|
.\" 20 hex digits should be
|
|
.\" specified in the
|
|
.\" .Tn ISO NSAP
|
|
.\" to be assigned to the interface.
|
|
.\" There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
|
|
.\" for
|
|
.\" .Tn AFI
|
|
.\" 37 type addresses.
|
|
.It Cm range
|
|
Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a
|
|
.Em netrange.
|
|
of the form startnet-endnet. Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
|
|
netmasks though FreeBSD impliments it internally as a set of netmasks.
|
|
.It Cm phase
|
|
The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
|
|
Appletalk network attached to the interface. Values of 1 or 2 are permitted.
|
|
.It Cm link[0-2]
|
|
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
|
|
These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
|
|
they are in general used to select special modes of operation. An example
|
|
of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
|
|
for some ethernet cards. Refer to the man page for the specific driver
|
|
for more information.
|
|
.It Fl link[0-2]
|
|
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
|
|
.It Cm up
|
|
Mark an interface ``up''.
|
|
This may be used to enable an interface after an ``ifconfig down.''
|
|
It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
|
|
If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
|
|
the hardware will be re-initialized.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm
|
|
displays the current configuration for a network interface
|
|
when no optional parameters are supplied.
|
|
If a protocol family is specified,
|
|
Ifconfig will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will display all of the supported media for the specified interface.
|
|
If the driver does not support the media selection system, the list will
|
|
be blank - no media options supported.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Optionally, the
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
flag may be used instead of an interface name. This flag instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to display information about all interfaces in the system.
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are down, and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are up.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
|
|
no other additional information. Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
|
|
with all other flags and commands, except for
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
(only list interfaces that are down)
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
(only list interfaces that are up).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
|
|
.Sh NOTES
|
|
The media selection system is relatively new and only some drivers support
|
|
it (or have need for it).
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exit, the
|
|
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
|
|
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
.Xr rc 8 ,
|
|
.Xr routed 8
|
|
.\" .Xr eon 5
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|