0a62a9caa9
This allows specifying a %job (which is equivalent to the corresponding process group). Additionally, it improves reliability of kill from sh in high-load situations and ensures "kill" finds the correct utility regardless of PATH, as required by POSIX (unless the undocumented %builtin mechanism is used). Side effect: fatal errors (any error other than kill(2) failure) now return exit status 2 instead of 1. (This is consistent with other sh builtins, but not in NetBSD.) Code size increases about 1K on i386. Obtained from: NetBSD
333 lines
8.5 KiB
Groff
333 lines
8.5 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Sheldon Hearn
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.\"
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd December 21, 2010
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.Dt BUILTIN 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm builtin ,
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.Nm \&! ,
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.Nm % ,
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.Nm \&. ,
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.Nm \&: ,
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.Nm @ ,
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.Nm \&[ ,
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.Nm { ,
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.Nm } ,
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.Nm alias ,
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.Nm alloc ,
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.Nm bg ,
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.Nm bind ,
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.Nm bindkey ,
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.Nm break ,
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.Nm breaksw ,
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.Nm builtins ,
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.Nm case ,
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.Nm cd ,
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.Nm chdir ,
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.Nm command ,
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.Nm complete ,
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.Nm continue ,
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.Nm default ,
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.Nm dirs ,
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.Nm do ,
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.Nm done ,
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.Nm echo ,
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.Nm echotc ,
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.Nm elif ,
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.Nm else ,
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.Nm end ,
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.Nm endif ,
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.Nm endsw ,
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.Nm esac ,
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.Nm eval ,
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.Nm exec ,
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.Nm exit ,
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.Nm export ,
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.Nm false ,
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.Nm fc ,
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.Nm fg ,
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.Nm filetest ,
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.Nm fi ,
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.Nm for ,
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.Nm foreach ,
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.Nm getopts ,
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.Nm glob ,
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.Nm goto ,
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.Nm hash ,
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.Nm hashstat ,
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.Nm history ,
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.Nm hup ,
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.Nm if ,
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.Nm jobid ,
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.Nm jobs ,
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.Nm kill ,
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.Nm limit ,
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.Nm local ,
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.Nm log ,
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.Nm login ,
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.Nm logout ,
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.Nm ls-F ,
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.Nm nice ,
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.Nm nohup ,
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.Nm notify ,
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.Nm onintr ,
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.Nm popd ,
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.Nm printenv ,
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.Nm printf ,
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.Nm pushd ,
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.Nm pwd ,
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.Nm read ,
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.Nm readonly ,
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.Nm rehash ,
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.Nm repeat ,
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.Nm return ,
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.Nm sched ,
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.Nm set ,
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.Nm setenv ,
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.Nm settc ,
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.Nm setty ,
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.Nm setvar ,
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.Nm shift ,
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.Nm source ,
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.Nm stop ,
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.Nm suspend ,
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.Nm switch ,
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.Nm telltc ,
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.Nm test ,
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.Nm then ,
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.Nm time ,
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.Nm times ,
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.Nm trap ,
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.Nm true ,
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.Nm type ,
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.Nm ulimit ,
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.Nm umask ,
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.Nm unalias ,
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.Nm uncomplete ,
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.Nm unhash ,
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.Nm unlimit ,
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.Nm unset ,
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.Nm unsetenv ,
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.Nm until ,
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.Nm wait ,
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.Nm where ,
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.Nm which ,
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.Nm while
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.Nd shell built-in commands
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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See the built-in command description in the appropriate shell manual page.
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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Shell builtin commands are commands that can be executed within the
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running shell's process.
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Note that, in the case of
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.Xr csh 1
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builtin commands, the command is executed in a subshell if it occurs as
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any component of a pipeline except the last.
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.Pp
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If a command specified to the shell contains a slash
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.Ql / ,
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the shell will not execute a builtin command, even if the last component
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of the specified command matches the name of a builtin command.
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Thus, while specifying
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.Dq Li echo
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causes a builtin command to be executed under shells that support the
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.Nm echo
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builtin command,
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specifying
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.Dq Li /bin/echo
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or
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.Dq Li ./echo
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does not.
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.Pp
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While some builtin commands may exist in more than one shell, their
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operation may be different under each shell which supports them.
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Below is a table which lists shell builtin commands, the standard shells
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that support them and whether they exist as standalone utilities.
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.Pp
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Only builtin commands for the
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.Xr csh 1
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and
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.Xr sh 1
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shells are listed here.
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Consult a shell's manual page for
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details on the operation its builtin commands.
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Beware that the
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.Xr sh 1
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manual page, at least, calls some of these commands
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.Dq built-in commands
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and some of them
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.Dq reserved words .
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Users of other shells may need to consult an
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.Xr info 1
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page or other sources of documentation.
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.Pp
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Commands marked
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.Dq Li No**
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under
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.Em External
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do exist externally,
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but are implemented as scripts using a builtin command of the same name.
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.Bl -column ".Ic uncomplete" ".Em External" ".Xr csh 1" ".Xr sh 1" -offset indent
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.It Em Command Ta Em External Ta Xr csh 1 Ta Xr sh 1
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.It Ic \&! Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic % Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic \&. Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic \&: Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic @ Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic \&[ Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic { Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic } Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic alias Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic alloc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic bg Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic bind Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic bindkey Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic break Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic breaksw Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic builtin Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic builtins Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic case Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic cd Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic chdir Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic command Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic complete Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic continue Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic default Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic dirs Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic do Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic done Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic echo Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic echotc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic elif Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic else Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic end Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic endif Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic endsw Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic esac Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic eval Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic exec Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic exit Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic export Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic false Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic fc Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic fg Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic filetest Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic fi Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic for Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic foreach Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic getopts Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic glob Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic goto Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic hash Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic hashstat Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic history Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic hup Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic if Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic jobid Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic jobs Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic kill Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic limit Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic local Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic log Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic login Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic logout Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic ls-F Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic nice Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic nohup Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic notify Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic onintr Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic popd Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic printenv Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic printf Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic pushd Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic pwd Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic read Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic readonly Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic rehash Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic repeat Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic return Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic sched Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic set Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic setenv Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic settc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic setty Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic setvar Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic shift Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic source Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic stop Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic suspend Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic switch Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic telltc Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic test Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic then Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic time Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic times Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic trap Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic true Ta Yes Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic type Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic ulimit Ta No** Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic umask Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic unalias Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic uncomplete Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic unhash Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic unlimit Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic unset Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic unsetenv Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic until Ta \&No Ta \&No Ta Yes
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.It Ic wait Ta No** Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.It Ic where Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic which Ta Yes Ta Yes Ta \&No
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.It Ic while Ta \&No Ta Yes Ta Yes
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr csh 1 ,
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.Xr echo 1 ,
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.Xr false 1 ,
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.Xr info 1 ,
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.Xr kill 1 ,
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.Xr login 1 ,
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.Xr nice 1 ,
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.Xr nohup 1 ,
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.Xr printenv 1 ,
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.Xr printf 1 ,
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.Xr pwd 1 ,
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.Xr sh 1 ,
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.Xr test 1 ,
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.Xr time 1 ,
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.Xr true 1 ,
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.Xr which 1
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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manual page first appeared in
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.Fx 3.4 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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This manual page was written by
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.An Sheldon Hearn Aq sheldonh@FreeBSD.org .
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