963 lines
27 KiB
Groff
963 lines
27 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd November 2, 2004
|
|
.Dt IFCONFIG 8
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm ifconfig
|
|
.Nd configure network interface parameters
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl L
|
|
.Op Fl m
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
.Op Cm create
|
|
.Op Ar address_family
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
.Op Ar dest_address
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Op Ar parameters
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
.Cm destroy
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
.Op Fl L
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl m
|
|
.Op Fl u
|
|
.Op Fl v
|
|
.Op Ar address_family
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl u
|
|
.Op Ar address_family
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl L
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl m
|
|
.Op Fl u
|
|
.Op Fl v
|
|
.Op Fl C
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility is used to assign an address
|
|
to a network interface and/or configure
|
|
network interface parameters.
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility must be used at boot time to define the network address
|
|
of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
|
|
a later time to redefine an interface's address
|
|
or other operating parameters.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following options are available:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Ar address
|
|
For the
|
|
.Tn DARPA Ns -Internet
|
|
family,
|
|
the address is either a host name present in the host name data
|
|
base,
|
|
.Xr hosts 5 ,
|
|
or a
|
|
.Tn DARPA
|
|
Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
|
|
.Dq dot notation .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
|
|
slash notation) to include the netmask.
|
|
That is, one can specify an address like
|
|
.Li 192.168.0.1/16 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For
|
|
.Dq inet6
|
|
family, it is also possible to specify the prefix length using the slash
|
|
notation, like
|
|
.Li ::1/128 .
|
|
See the
|
|
.Cm prefixlen
|
|
parameter below for more information.
|
|
.\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
|
|
.\" addresses are
|
|
.\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
|
|
.\" where
|
|
.\" .Ar net
|
|
.\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
|
|
.\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
|
|
.\" .Ar a
|
|
.\" through
|
|
.\" .Ar f ,
|
|
.\" are specified in hexadecimal.
|
|
.\" The host number may be omitted on IEEE 802 protocol
|
|
.\" (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring) interfaces,
|
|
.\" which use the hardware physical address,
|
|
.\" and on interfaces other than the first.
|
|
.\" For the
|
|
.\" .Tn ISO
|
|
.\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
|
|
.\" as in the Xerox family.
|
|
.\" However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
|
|
.\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
|
|
.\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The link-level
|
|
.Pq Dq link
|
|
address
|
|
is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
|
|
This can be used to
|
|
e.g.\& set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
|
|
mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
|
|
If the interface is already
|
|
up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
|
|
then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
|
|
filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
|
|
.It Ar address_family
|
|
Specify the
|
|
address family
|
|
which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
|
|
Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
|
|
with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
|
|
The address or protocol families currently
|
|
supported are
|
|
.Dq inet ,
|
|
.Dq inet6 ,
|
|
.Dq atalk ,
|
|
.Dq ipx ,
|
|
.\" .Dq iso ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq link .
|
|
.\" and
|
|
.\" .Dq ns .
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq inet .
|
|
.Dq ether
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq lladdr
|
|
are synonyms for
|
|
.Dq link .
|
|
.It Ar dest_address
|
|
Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
|
|
of a point to point link.
|
|
.It Ar interface
|
|
This
|
|
parameter is a string of the form
|
|
.Dq name unit ,
|
|
for example,
|
|
.Dq Li ed0 .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters may be set with
|
|
.Nm :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm add
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm alias
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Introduced for compatibility
|
|
with
|
|
.Bsx .
|
|
.It Cm alias
|
|
Establish an additional network address for this interface.
|
|
This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
|
|
one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
|
|
If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
|
|
for this interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given.
|
|
Usually
|
|
.Li 0xffffffff
|
|
is most appropriate.
|
|
.It Fl alias
|
|
Remove the network address specified.
|
|
This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
|
|
was no longer needed.
|
|
If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
|
|
of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
|
|
allow you to respecify the host portion.
|
|
.It Cm anycast
|
|
(Inet6 only.)
|
|
Specify that the address configured is an anycast address.
|
|
Based on the current specification,
|
|
only routers may configure anycast addresses.
|
|
Anycast address will not be used as source address of any of outgoing
|
|
IPv6 packets.
|
|
.It Cm arp
|
|
Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr arp 4
|
|
in mapping
|
|
between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
|
|
This is currently implemented for mapping between
|
|
.Tn DARPA
|
|
Internet
|
|
addresses and
|
|
.Tn IEEE
|
|
802 48-bit MAC addresses (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).
|
|
.It Fl arp
|
|
Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr arp 4 .
|
|
.It Cm staticarp
|
|
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
|
|
the host will only reply to requests for its addresses,
|
|
and will never send any requests.
|
|
.It Fl staticarp
|
|
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
|
|
the host will perform normally,
|
|
sending out requests and listening for replies.
|
|
.It Cm broadcast
|
|
(Inet only.)
|
|
Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
|
|
network.
|
|
The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
|
|
.It Cm debug
|
|
Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
|
|
extra console error logging.
|
|
.It Fl debug
|
|
Disable driver dependent debugging code.
|
|
.It Cm promisc
|
|
Put interface into permanently promiscuous mode.
|
|
.It Fl promisc
|
|
Disable permanently promiscuous mode.
|
|
.It Cm delete
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
parameter.
|
|
.It Cm down
|
|
Mark an interface
|
|
.Dq down .
|
|
When an interface is marked
|
|
.Dq down ,
|
|
the system will not attempt to
|
|
transmit messages through that interface.
|
|
If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
|
|
This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
|
|
.It Cm eui64
|
|
(Inet6 only.)
|
|
Fill interface index
|
|
(lowermost 64bit of an IPv6 address)
|
|
automatically.
|
|
.It Cm ipdst
|
|
This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
|
|
IP packets encapsulating IPX packets bound for a remote network.
|
|
An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
|
|
the address specified will be taken as the IPX address and network
|
|
of the destination.
|
|
.It Cm maclabel Ar label
|
|
If Mandatory Access Control support is enabled in the kernel,
|
|
set the MAC label to
|
|
.Ar label .
|
|
.\" (see
|
|
.\" .Xr maclabel 7 ) .
|
|
.It Cm media Ar type
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
|
|
of the interface to
|
|
.Ar type .
|
|
Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
|
|
different physical media connectors.
|
|
For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet
|
|
interface might support the use of either
|
|
.Tn AUI
|
|
or twisted pair connectors.
|
|
Setting the media type to
|
|
.Dq Li 10base5/AUI
|
|
would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
|
|
Setting it to
|
|
.Dq Li 10baseT/UTP
|
|
would activate twisted pair.
|
|
Refer to the interfaces' driver
|
|
specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
|
|
available types.
|
|
.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
|
|
media options on the interface.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar opts
|
|
argument
|
|
is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
|
|
Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
|
|
list of available options.
|
|
.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
|
|
specified media options on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm mode Ar mode
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
|
|
operating mode on the interface to
|
|
.Ar mode .
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces that support multiple operating modes
|
|
this directive is used to select between 802.11a
|
|
.Pq Dq Li 11a ,
|
|
802.11b
|
|
.Pq Dq Li 11b ,
|
|
and 802.11g
|
|
.Pq Dq Li 11g
|
|
operating modes.
|
|
.It Cm name Ar name
|
|
Set the interface name to
|
|
.Ar name .
|
|
.It Cm rxcsum , txcsum
|
|
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
|
|
enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
|
|
Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags independently
|
|
of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
|
|
The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
|
|
support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
|
|
.It Fl rxcsum , txcsum
|
|
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
|
|
disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
|
|
These settings may not always be independent of each other.
|
|
.It Cm polling
|
|
If the driver has user-configurable
|
|
.Xr polling 4
|
|
support, select the polling mode on the interface.
|
|
.It Fl polling
|
|
If the driver has user-configurable
|
|
.Xr polling 4
|
|
support, select the interrupt mode on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
|
|
(IP tunnel devices only.)
|
|
Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
|
|
interfaces
|
|
.Pq Xr gif 4 .
|
|
The arguments
|
|
.Ar src_addr
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar dest_addr
|
|
are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
|
|
IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
.It Cm deletetunnel
|
|
Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
|
|
interfaces previously configured with
|
|
.Cm tunnel .
|
|
.It Cm create
|
|
Create the specified network pseudo-device.
|
|
If the interface is given without a unit number, try to create a new
|
|
device with an arbitrary unit number.
|
|
If creation of an arbitrary device is successful, the new device name is
|
|
printed to standard output unless the interface is renamed or destroyed
|
|
in the same
|
|
.Nm
|
|
invocation.
|
|
.It Cm destroy
|
|
Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
|
|
.It Cm plumb
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm create
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Tn Solaris
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm unplumb
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm destroy
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Tn Solaris
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
|
|
If the interface is a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo interface, set the VLAN tag value
|
|
to
|
|
.Ar vlan_tag .
|
|
This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
|
|
VLAN header for packets sent from the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface.
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Cm vlan
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm vlandev
|
|
must both be set at the same time.
|
|
.It Cm vlandev Ar iface
|
|
If the interface is a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo device, associate physical interface
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
with it.
|
|
Packets transmitted through the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface will be
|
|
diverted to the specified physical interface
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation.
|
|
Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
|
|
by the parent interface with the correct VLAN tag will be diverted to
|
|
the associated
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo-interface.
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface is assigned a
|
|
copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm vlandev
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm vlan
|
|
must both be set at the same time.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface already has
|
|
a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
|
|
To
|
|
change the association to another physical interface, the existing
|
|
association must be cleared first.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note: if the hardware tagging capability
|
|
is set on the parent interface, the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo
|
|
interface's behavior changes:
|
|
the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface recognizes that the
|
|
parent interface supports insertion and extraction of VLAN tags on its
|
|
own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
|
|
the parent unaltered.
|
|
.It Fl vlandev Ar iface
|
|
If the driver is a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo device, disassociate the physical interface
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
from it.
|
|
This breaks the link between the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface and its parent,
|
|
clears its VLAN tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
|
|
.It Cm vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
|
|
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
|
|
reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
Note that this must be issued on a physical interface associated with
|
|
.Xr vlan 4 ,
|
|
not on a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface itself.
|
|
.It Fl vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
|
|
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
|
|
reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
.It Cm metric Ar n
|
|
Set the routing metric of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default 0.
|
|
The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr routed 8 .
|
|
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
|
|
less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
|
|
to the destination network or host.
|
|
.It Cm mtu Ar n
|
|
Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default is interface specific.
|
|
The MTU is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
|
|
interface.
|
|
Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have
|
|
range restrictions.
|
|
.It Cm netmask Ar mask
|
|
.\" (Inet and ISO.)
|
|
(Inet only.)
|
|
Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
|
|
networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The mask includes the network part of the local address
|
|
and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
|
|
The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
|
|
with a leading
|
|
.Ql 0x ,
|
|
with a dot-notation Internet address,
|
|
or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
|
|
.Xr networks 5 .
|
|
The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
|
|
which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
|
|
and 0's for the host part.
|
|
The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
|
|
and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
|
|
portion.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the address.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
option above for more information.
|
|
.It Cm prefixlen Ar len
|
|
(Inet6 only.)
|
|
Specify that
|
|
.Ar len
|
|
bits are reserved for subdividing networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar len
|
|
must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
|
|
It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
|
|
If the parameter is omitted, 64 is used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after the address.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
option above for more information.
|
|
.\" see
|
|
.\" Xr eon 5 .
|
|
.\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
|
|
.\" .Pf ( Tn ISO
|
|
.\" only)
|
|
.\" This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
|
|
.\" used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
|
|
.\" taken to be the
|
|
.\" .Tn NET
|
|
.\" (Network Entity Title).
|
|
.\" The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
|
|
.\" .Tn GOSIP .
|
|
.\" When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
|
|
.\" it is really the
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
|
|
.\" which is being specified.
|
|
.\" For example, in
|
|
.\" .Tn US GOSIP ,
|
|
.\" 20 hex digits should be
|
|
.\" specified in the
|
|
.\" .Tn ISO NSAP
|
|
.\" to be assigned to the interface.
|
|
.\" There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
|
|
.\" for
|
|
.\" .Tn AFI
|
|
.\" 37 type addresses.
|
|
.It Cm range Ar netrange
|
|
Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a
|
|
.Ar netrange
|
|
of the form
|
|
.Ar startnet Ns - Ns Ar endnet .
|
|
Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
|
|
netmasks though
|
|
.Fx
|
|
implements it internally as a set of netmasks.
|
|
.It Cm remove
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Introduced for compatibility
|
|
with
|
|
.Bsx .
|
|
.It Cm phase
|
|
The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
|
|
Appletalk network attached to the interface.
|
|
Values of 1 or 2 are permitted.
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.It Cm link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
|
|
These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
|
|
they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
|
|
An example
|
|
of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
|
|
for some Ethernet cards.
|
|
Refer to the man page for the specific driver
|
|
for more information.
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.It Fl link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
|
|
.It Cm monitor
|
|
Put the interface in monitor mode.
|
|
No packets are transmitted, and received packets are discarded after
|
|
.Xr bpf 4
|
|
processing.
|
|
.It Fl monitor
|
|
Take the interface out of monitor mode.
|
|
.It Cm up
|
|
Mark an interface
|
|
.Dq up .
|
|
This may be used to enable an interface after an
|
|
.Dq Nm Cm down .
|
|
It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
|
|
If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
|
|
the hardware will be re-initialized.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm apbridge
|
|
When operating as an access point, pass packets between
|
|
wireless clients directly (default).
|
|
To instead let them pass up through the
|
|
system and be forwarded using some other mechanism, use
|
|
.Fl apbridge .
|
|
Disabling the internal bridging
|
|
is useful when traffic is to be processed with
|
|
packet filtering.
|
|
.It Cm authmode Ar mode
|
|
Set the desired authentication mode in infrastructure mode.
|
|
Not all adaptors support all modes.
|
|
The set of
|
|
valid modes is
|
|
.Dq Li none ,
|
|
.Dq Li open ,
|
|
.Dq Li shared
|
|
(shared key),
|
|
.Dq Li 8021x
|
|
(IEEE 802.1x),
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li wpa
|
|
(IEEE WPA/WPA2/802.11i).
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq Li 8021x
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li wpa
|
|
modes are only useful when used an authentication service
|
|
(a supplicant for client operation or an authenticator when
|
|
operating as an access point).
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm bssid Ar address
|
|
Specify the MAC address of the access point to use when operating
|
|
as a station in a BSS network.
|
|
This overrides any automatic selection done by the system.
|
|
To disable a previously selected access point, supply
|
|
.Dq Li any ,
|
|
.Dq Li none ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li -
|
|
for the address.
|
|
This option is useful when more than one access points have the same SSID.
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm bssid
|
|
parameter is
|
|
.Cm ap .
|
|
.It Cm chanlist Ar channels
|
|
Set the desired channels to use when scanning for access
|
|
points, neighbors in an IBSS network, or looking for unoccupied
|
|
channels when operating as an access point.
|
|
The set of channels is specified as a comma-separated list with
|
|
each element in the list representing either a single channel number or a range
|
|
of the form
|
|
.Dq Li a-b .
|
|
Channel numbers must be in the range 1 to 255 and be permissible
|
|
according to the operating characteristics of the device.
|
|
.It Cm channel Ar number
|
|
Set a single desired channel.
|
|
Channels range from 1 to 255, but the exact selection available
|
|
depends on the region your adaptor was manufactured for.
|
|
Setting
|
|
the channel to
|
|
.Dq Li 0 ,
|
|
.Dq Li any ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li -
|
|
will give you the default for your adaptor.
|
|
Many
|
|
adaptors ignore this setting unless you are in ad-hoc mode.
|
|
Alternatively the frequency, in megahertz, may be specified
|
|
instead of the channel number.
|
|
.It Cm hidessid
|
|
When operating as an access point, do not broadcast the SSID
|
|
in beacon frames.
|
|
By default, the SSID is included in beacon frames.
|
|
To re-enable the broadcast of the SSID, use
|
|
.Fl hidessid .
|
|
.It Cm powersave
|
|
Enable powersave operation.
|
|
When operating as a client, the station will conserve power by
|
|
periodically turning off the radio and listening for
|
|
messages from the access point telling it there are packets waiting.
|
|
The station must then retrieve the packets.
|
|
When operating as an access point, the station must honor power
|
|
save operation of associated clients.
|
|
Not all devices support power save operation, either as a client
|
|
or as an access point.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl powersave
|
|
to disable powersave operation.
|
|
.It Cm powersavesleep Ar sleep
|
|
Set the desired max powersave sleep time in milliseconds.
|
|
.It Cm protmode Ar technique
|
|
For interfaces operating in 802.11g, use the specified
|
|
.Ar technique
|
|
for protecting OFDM frames in a mixed 11b/11g network.
|
|
The set of valid techniques is
|
|
.Dq Li off ,
|
|
.Dq Li cts
|
|
(CTS to self),
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li rtscts
|
|
(RTS/CTS).
|
|
Technique names are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm roaming Ar mode
|
|
When operating as a station, control how the system will
|
|
behave when communication with the current access point
|
|
is broken.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar mode
|
|
argument may be one of
|
|
.Dq Li device
|
|
(leave it to the hardware device to decide),
|
|
.Dq Li auto
|
|
(handle either in the device or the operating system\[em]as appropriate),
|
|
.Dq Li manual
|
|
(do nothing until explicitly instructed).
|
|
By default, the device is left to handle this if it is
|
|
capable; otherwise, the operating system will automatically
|
|
attempt to reestablish communication.
|
|
Manual mode is mostly useful when an application wants to
|
|
control the selection of an access point.
|
|
.It Cm rtsthreshold Ar length
|
|
Set the threshold for which
|
|
transmitted frames are preceded by transmission of an
|
|
RTS
|
|
control frame.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
argument
|
|
is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 1 to 2312.
|
|
Not all adaptors support setting the RTS threshold.
|
|
.It Cm ssid Ar ssid
|
|
Set the desired Service Set Identifier (aka network name).
|
|
The SSID is a string up to 32 characters
|
|
in length and may be specified as either a normal string or in
|
|
hexadecimal when proceeded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
Additionally, the SSID may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
.It Cm scan
|
|
Display the current set of scanned neighbors and/or trigger a new scan.
|
|
Only the super-user can trigger a scan.
|
|
.It Cm stationname Ar name
|
|
Set the name of this station.
|
|
It appears that the station name is not really part of the IEEE 802.11
|
|
protocol though all interfaces seem to support it.
|
|
As such it only
|
|
seems to be meaningful to identical or virtually identical equipment.
|
|
Setting the station name is identical in syntax to setting the SSID.
|
|
.It Cm txpower Ar power
|
|
Set the power used to transmit frames.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar power
|
|
argument
|
|
is a unitless value in the range 0 to 100 that is interpreted
|
|
by drivers to derive a device-specific value.
|
|
Out of range values are truncated.
|
|
Typically only a few discreet power settings are available and
|
|
the driver will use the setting closest to the specified value.
|
|
Not all adaptors support changing the transmit power.
|
|
.It Cm wepmode Ar mode
|
|
Set the desired WEP mode.
|
|
Not all adaptors support all modes.
|
|
The set of valid modes is
|
|
.Dq Li off ,
|
|
.Dq Li on ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li mixed .
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq Li mixed
|
|
mode explicitly tells the adaptor to allow association with access
|
|
points which allow both encrypted and unencrypted traffic.
|
|
On these adaptors,
|
|
.Dq Li on
|
|
means that the access point must only allow encrypted connections.
|
|
On other adaptors,
|
|
.Dq Li on
|
|
is generally another name for
|
|
.Dq Li mixed .
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm weptxkey Ar index
|
|
Set the WEP key to be used for transmission.
|
|
.It Cm wepkey Ar key Ns | Ns Ar index : Ns Ar key
|
|
Set the selected WEP key.
|
|
If an
|
|
.Ar index
|
|
is not given, key 1 is set.
|
|
A WEP key will be either 5 or 13
|
|
characters (40 or 104 bits) depending of the local network and the
|
|
capabilities of the adaptor.
|
|
It may be specified either as a plain
|
|
string or as a string of hexadecimal digits proceeded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
For maximum portability, hex keys are recommended;
|
|
the mapping of text keys to WEP encryption is usually driver-specific.
|
|
In particular, the
|
|
.Tn Windows
|
|
drivers do this mapping differently to
|
|
.Fx .
|
|
A key may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
If WEP is supported then there are at least four keys.
|
|
Some adaptors support more than four keys.
|
|
If that is the case, then the first four keys
|
|
(1-4) will be the standard temporary keys and any others will be adaptor
|
|
specific keys such as permanent keys stored in NVRAM.
|
|
.It Cm wme
|
|
Enable Wireless Media Extensions (WME) support, if available,
|
|
for the specified interface.
|
|
WME is a subset of the IEEE 802.11e standard to support the
|
|
efficient communication of realtime and multimedia data.
|
|
To disable WME support, use
|
|
.Fl wme .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are support for compatibility with other systems:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm nwid Ar ssid
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm ssid
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm station Ar name
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm stationname
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode on .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey key
|
|
Another way of saying:
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 1:key wepkey 2:- wepkey 3:- wepkey 4:-" .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey Xo
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Ar n : k1 , k2 , k3 , k4
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey n wepkey 1:k1 wepkey 2:k2 wepkey 3:k3 wepkey 4:k4" .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl nwkey
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility displays the current configuration for a network interface
|
|
when no optional parameters are supplied.
|
|
If a protocol family is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will display the capability list and all
|
|
of the supported media for the specified interface.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
|
|
as time offset string.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Optionally, the
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
flag may be used instead of an interface name.
|
|
This flag instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to display information about all interfaces in the system.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are up.
|
|
When no arguments are given,
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
is implied.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
|
|
no other additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
|
|
with all other flags and commands, except for
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
(only list interfaces that are down)
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
(only list interfaces that are up).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag may be used to get more verbose status for an interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl C
|
|
flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
|
|
the system, with no additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
|
|
.Sh NOTES
|
|
The media selection system is relatively new and only some drivers support
|
|
it (or have need for it).
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
|
|
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
|
|
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Basic IPv6 node operation requires a link-local address on each
|
|
interface configured for IPv6.
|
|
Normally, such an address is automatically configured by the
|
|
kernel on each interface added to the system; this behaviour may
|
|
be disabled by setting the sysctl MIB variable
|
|
.Va net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal
|
|
to 0.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you delete such an address using
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
the kernel may act very oddly.
|
|
Do this at your own risk.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
.Xr vlan 4 ,
|
|
.\" .Xr eon 5 ,
|
|
.Xr rc 8 ,
|
|
.Xr routed 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|