277 lines
8.6 KiB
Groff
277 lines
8.6 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2003 Søren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org>
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer,
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.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
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.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd July 3, 2010
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.Dt ATA 4
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ata ,
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.Nm ar ,
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.Nm acd ,
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.Nm ad ,
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.Nm afd ,
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.Nm ast
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.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support:
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.Cd device isa
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.Cd device ata
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.Pp
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In
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.Pa /boot/device.hints :
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.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa"
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.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0"
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.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14"
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.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa"
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.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170"
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.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15"
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.Pp
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For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support:
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.Cd device isa
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.Cd device ata
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.Pp
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In
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.Pa /boot/device.hints :
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.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa"
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.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640"
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.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9"
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.Pp
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For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support:
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.Cd device pci
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.Cd device ata
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.Pp
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To support ATA compliant disk drives:
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.Cd device atadisk
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.Pp
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To support ATA software RAID's:
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.Cd device ataraid
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.Pp
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To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives:
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.Cd device atapicd
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.Pp
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To support ATAPI floppy drives:
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.Cd device atapifd
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.Pp
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To support ATAPI tape drives:
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.Cd device atapist
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.Pp
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To turn
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.Xr ata 4
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subsystem controller drivers into cam(4) interface modules (disables all native
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.Xr ata 4
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APIs and peripheral drivers):
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.Cd options ATA_CAM
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.Pp
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The following tunables are settable from the loader:
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.Bl -ohang
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.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma
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set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA).
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.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin
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set to 0 to disable the 80pin cable check (default is 1, check the cable)
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.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma
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set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA).
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.It Va hw.ata.wc
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set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled).
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.Em WARNING :
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can cause data loss on power failures and crashes.
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.It Va hint.atapci.X.msi
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set to 1 to allow Message Signalled Interrupts (MSI) to be used by
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specified PCI ATA controller, if supported.
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.It Va hint.ata.X.devX.mode
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limits initial ATA mode for specified device on specified channel.
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.It Va hint.ata.X.mode
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limits initial ATA mode for every device on specified channel.
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.It Va hint.ata.X.pm_level
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controls SATA interface Power Management for specified channel,
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allowing to save some power by the cost of additional command latency.
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Possible values:
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.Bl -tag -compact
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.It 0
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interface Power Management is disabled, default value.
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.It 1
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device is allowed to initiate PM state change, host is passive.
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.It 2
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host initiates PARTIAL PM state transition every time port becomes idle.
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.It 3
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host initiates SLUMBER PM state transition every time port becomes idle.
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.El
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Modes 2 and 3 are implemented only for AHCI driver now.
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.El
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives,
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ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives
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connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards.
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.Pp
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The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact
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.It Acard:
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ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R.
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.It ALI:
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M5228, M5229, M5281, M5283, M5287, M5288, M5289.
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.It AMD:
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AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111, CS5536.
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.It ATI:
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IXP200, IXP300, IXP400, IXP600, IXP700, IXP800.
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.It CMD:
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CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649.
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.It Cypress:
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Cypress 82C693.
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.It Cyrix:
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Cyrix 5530.
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.It HighPoint:
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HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374.
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.It Intel:
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6300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ESB2, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5,
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ICH6, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10, SCH, PCH.
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.It ITE:
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IT8211F, IT8212F, IT8213F.
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.It JMicron:
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JMB360, JMB361, JMB363, JMB365, JMB366, JMB368.
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.It Marvell
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88SX5040, 88SX5041, 88SX5080, 88SX5081, 88SX6041, 88SX6042, 88SX6081, 88SX6101,
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88SX6102, 88SX6111, 88SX6121, 88SX6141, 88SX6145, 88SX7042.
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.It National:
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SC1100.
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.It NetCell:
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NC3000, NC5000.
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.It nVidia:
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nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4,
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MCP51, MCP55, MCP61, MCP65, MCP67, MCP73, MCP77, MCP79, MCP89.
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.It Promise:
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PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, PDC40718, PDC40719.
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.It ServerWorks:
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HT1000, ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6, K2, Frodo4, Frodo8.
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.It Silicon Image:
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SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3124, SiI3132, SiI3512.
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.It SiS:
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SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964, SIS965.
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.It VIA:
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VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686,
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VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237,
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VT8237A, VT8237S, VT8251, CX700, VX800, VX855.
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.El
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.Pp
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Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard
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busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is
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also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is
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not known what the chipset can do and how to program it.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters
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when the system is up and running.
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See
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.Xr atacontrol 8 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default.
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However the
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.Nm
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driver sometimes warns:
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.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device".
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This means that
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the
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.Nm
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driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present
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or could not be detected properly,
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or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up
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to UDMA2/ATA33.
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The
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.Va hw.ata.ata_dma_check_80pin
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tunable can be set to 0 to disable this check.
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.Pp
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Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the
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.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma
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tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers.
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Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are
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common even if the device capabilities indicate support.
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You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using
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.Xr atacontrol 8 ,
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but be aware that your hardware might
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.Em not
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support it and can potentially
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.Em hang
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the entire system causing data loss.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact
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.It Pa /dev/ad*
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ATA disk device nodes
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.It Pa /dev/ar*
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ATA RAID device nodes
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.It Pa /dev/acd*
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ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes
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.It Pa /dev/afd*
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ATAPI floppy drive device nodes
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.It Pa /dev/ast*
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ATAPI tape drive device nodes
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.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
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sample generic kernel config file for
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.Nm
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based systems
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.El
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.Sh NOTES
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Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you
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.Em must
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use 80 conductor cables.
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Please ensure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm.
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In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the
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quality of the cables.
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SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification.
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.Pp
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Static device numbering
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(enabled with the
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.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID
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kernel option)
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reserves a number for each possibly connected disk,
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even when not present.
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This is useful in hotswap scenarios
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where disks should always show up as the same numbered device,
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and not depend on attach order.
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.Pp
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Native Command Queuing (NCQ) on SATA drives is not yet supported.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr ahci 4 ,
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.Xr cam 4 ,
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.Xr ataraid 4 ,
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.Xr atacontrol 8 ,
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.Xr burncd 8 ,
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.Xr siis 4
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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driver first appeared in
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.Fx 4.0 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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.An S\(/oren Schmidt
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.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .
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