d46c56dcba
* Lots of new tests. * New -n / --numeric-uid-gid option * More sanity-checking of arguments * Various Windows portability improvements * Sync up version number to 2.7.0
377 lines
10 KiB
Groff
377 lines
10 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Tim Kientzle
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd December 21, 2007
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.Dt BSDCPIO 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm cpio
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.Nd copy files to and from archives
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Brq Fl i
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.Op Ar options
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.Op Ar pattern ...
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.Op Ar < archive
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.Nm
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.Brq Fl o
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.Op Ar options
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.Ar < name-list
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.Op Ar > archive
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.Nm
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.Brq Fl p
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.Op Ar options
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.Ar dest-dir
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.Ar < name-list
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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copies files between archives and directories.
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This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar,
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and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar,
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and shar archives.
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.Pp
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The first option to
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.Nm
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is a mode indicator from the following list:
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.Bl -tag -compact -width indent
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.It Fl i
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Input.
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Read an archive from standard input (unless overriden) and extract the
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contents to disk or (if the
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.Fl t
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option is specified)
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list the contents to standard output.
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If one or more file patterns are specified, only files matching
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one of the patterns will be extracted.
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.It Fl o
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Output.
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Read a list of filenames from standard input and produce a new archive
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on standard output (unless overriden) containing the specified items.
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.It Fl p
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Pass-through.
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Read a list of filenames from standard input and copy the files to the
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specified directory.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Sh OPTIONS
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Unless specifically stated otherwise, options are applicable in
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all operating modes.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl A
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(o mode only)
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Append to the specified archive.
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(Not yet implemented.)
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.It Fl a
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(o and p modes)
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Reset access times on files after they are read.
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.It Fl B
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(o mode only)
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Block output to records of 5120 bytes.
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.It Fl C Ar size
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(o mode only)
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Block output to records of
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.Ar size
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bytes.
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.It Fl c
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(o mode only)
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Use the old POSIX portable character format.
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Equivalent to
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.Fl -format Ar odc .
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.It Fl d
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(i and p modes)
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Create directories as necessary.
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.It Fl E Ar file
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(i mode only)
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Read list of file name patterns from
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.Ar file
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to list and extract.
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.It Fl F Ar file
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Read archive from or write archive to
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.Ar file .
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.It Fl f Ar pattern
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(i mode only)
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Ignore files that match
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.Ar pattern .
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.It Fl -format Ar format
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(o mode only)
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Produce the output archive in the specified format.
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Supported formats include:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width "iso9660" -compact
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.It Ar cpio
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Synonym for
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.Ar odc .
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.It Ar newc
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The SVR4 portable cpio format.
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.It Ar odc
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The old POSIX.1 portable octet-oriented cpio format.
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.It Ar pax
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The POSIX.1 pax format, an extension of the ustar format.
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.It Ar ustar
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The POSIX.1 tar format.
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.El
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.Pp
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The default format is
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.Ar odc .
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See
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.Xr libarchive_formats 5
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for more complete information about the
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formats currently supported by the underlying
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.Xr libarchive 3
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library.
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.It Fl I Ar file
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Read archive from
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.Ar file .
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.It Fl i
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Input mode.
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See above for description.
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.It Fl -insecure
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(i and p mode only)
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Disable security checks during extraction or copying.
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This allows extraction via symbolic links and path names containing
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.Sq ..
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in the name.
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.It Fl L
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(o and p modes)
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All symbolic links will be followed.
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Normally, symbolic links are archived and copied as symbolic links.
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With this option, the target of the link will be archived or copied instead.
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.It Fl l
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(p mode only)
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Create links from the target directory to the original files,
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instead of copying.
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.It Fl m
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(i and p modes)
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Set file modification time on created files to match
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those in the source.
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.It Fl n
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(i mode, only with
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.Fl t )
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Display numeric uid and gid.
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By default,
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.Nm
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displays the user and group names when they are provided in the
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archive, or looks up the user and group names in the system
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password database.
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.It Fl O Ar file
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Write archive to
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.Ar file .
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.It Fl o
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Output mode.
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See above for description.
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.It Fl p
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Pass-through mode.
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See above for description.
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.It Fl -quiet
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Suppress unnecessary messages.
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.It Fl R Oo user Oc Ns Oo : Oc Ns Oo group Oc
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Set the owner and/or group on files in the output.
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If group is specified with no user
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(for example,
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.Fl R Ar :wheel )
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then the group will be set but not the user.
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If the user is specified with a trailing colon and no group
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(for example,
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.Fl R Ar root: )
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then the group will be set to the user's default group.
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If the user is specified with no trailing colon, then
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the user will be set but not the group.
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In
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.Fl i
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and
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.Fl p
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modes, this option can only be used by the super-user.
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(For compatibility, a period can be used in place of the colon.)
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.It Fl r
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(All modes.)
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Rename files interactively.
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For each file, a prompt is written to
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.Pa /dev/tty
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containing the name of the file and a line is read from
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.Pa /dev/tty .
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If the line read is blank, the file is skipped.
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If the line contains a single period, the file is processed normally.
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Otherwise, the line is taken to be the new name of the file.
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.It Fl t
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(i mode only)
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List the contents of the archive to stdout;
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do not restore the contents to disk.
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.It Fl u
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(i and p modes)
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Unconditionally overwrite existing files.
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Ordinarily, an older file will not overwrite a newer file on disk.
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.It Fl v
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Print the name of each file to stderr as it is processed.
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With
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.Fl t ,
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provide a detailed listing of each file.
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.It Fl -version
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Print the program version information and exit.
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.It Fl y
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(o mode only)
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Compress the archive with bzip2-compatible compression before writing it.
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In input mode, this option is ignored;
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bzip2 compression is recognized automatically on input.
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.It Fl Z
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(o mode only)
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Compress the archive with compress-compatible compression before writing it.
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In input mode, this option is ignored;
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compression is recognized automatically on input.
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.It Fl z
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(o mode only)
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Compress the archive with gzip-compatible compression before writing it.
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In input mode, this option is ignored;
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gzip compression is recognized automatically on input.
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.El
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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The following environment variables affect the execution of
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width ".Ev BLOCKSIZE"
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.It Ev LANG
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The locale to use.
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See
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.Xr environ 7
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for more information.
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.It Ev TZ
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The timezone to use when displaying dates.
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See
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.Xr environ 7
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for more information.
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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The
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.Nm
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command is traditionally used to copy file heirarchies in conjunction
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with the
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.Xr find 1
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command.
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The first example here simply copies all files from
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.Pa src
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to
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.Pa dest :
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.Dl Nm find Pa src | Nm Fl pmud Pa dest
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.Pp
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By carefully selecting options to the
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.Xr find 1
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command and combining it with other standard utilities,
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it is possible to exercise very fine control over which files are copied.
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This next example copies files from
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.Pa src
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to
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.Pa dest
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that are more than 2 days old and whose names match a particular pattern:
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.Dl Nm find Pa src Fl mtime Ar +2 | Nm grep foo[bar] | Nm Fl pdmu Pa dest
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.Pp
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This example copies files from
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.Pa src
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to
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.Pa dest
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that are more than 2 days old and which contain the word
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.Do foobar Dc :
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.Dl Nm find Pa src Fl mtime Ar +2 | Nm xargs Nm grep -l foobar | Nm Fl pdmu Pa dest
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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The mode options i, o, and p and the options
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a, B, c, d, f, l, m, r, t, u, and v comply with SUSv2.
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.Pp
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The old POSIX.1 standard specified that only
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.Fl i ,
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.Fl o ,
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and
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.Fl p
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were interpreted as command-line options.
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Each took a single argument of a list of modifier
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characters.
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For example, the standard syntax allows
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.Fl imu
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but does not support
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.Fl miu
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or
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.Fl i Fl m Fl u ,
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since
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.Ar m
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and
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.Ar u
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are only modifiers to
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.Fl i ,
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they are not command-line options in their own right.
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The syntax supported by this implementation is backwards-compatible
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with the standard.
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For best compatibility, scripts should limit themselves to the
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standard syntax.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr bzip2 1 ,
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.Xr tar 1 ,
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.Xr gzip 1 ,
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.Xr mt 1 ,
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.Xr pax 1 ,
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.Xr libarchive 3 ,
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.Xr cpio 5 ,
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.Xr libarchive-formats 5 ,
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.Xr tar 5
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.Sh STANDARDS
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There is no current POSIX standard for the cpio command; it appeared
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in
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.St -p1003.1-96
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but was dropped from
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.St -p1003.1-2001 .
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.Pp
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The cpio, ustar, and pax interchange file formats are defined by
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.St -p1003.1-2001
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for the pax command.
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.Sh HISTORY
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The original
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.Nm cpio
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and
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.Nm find
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utilities were written by Dick Haight
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while working in AT&T's Unix Support Group.
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They first appeared in 1977 in PWB/UNIX 1.0, the
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.Dq Programmer's Work Bench
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system developed for use within AT&T.
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They were first released outside of AT&T as part of System III Unix in 1981.
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As a result,
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.Nm cpio
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actually predates
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.Nm tar ,
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even though it was not well-known outside of AT&T until some time later.
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.Pp
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This is a complete re-implementation based on the
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.Xr libarchive 3
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library.
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.Sh BUGS
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The cpio archive format has several basic limitations:
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It does not store user and group names, only numbers.
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As a result, it cannot be reliably used to transfer
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files between systems with dissimilar user and group numbering.
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Older cpio formats limit the user and group numbers to
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16 or 18 bits, which is insufficient for modern systems.
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The cpio archive formats cannot support files over 4 gigabytes,
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except for the
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.Dq odc
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variant, which can support files up to 8 gigabytes.
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