boundary. This was addressed several years ago by creating a parent
tag hierarchy for the root buses that set the boundary restriction
for appropriate buses and allowed child deviced to inherit it.
Somewhere along the way, this restriction was turned into a case for
marking the tag as a candidate for needing bounce buffers, instead
of just splitting the segment along the boundary line. This flag
also causes all maps associated with this tag to be non-NULL, which
in turn causes bus_dmamap_sync() to take the slow path of function
pointer indirection to discover that there's no bouncing work to
do. The end result is a lot of pages set aside in bounce pools
that will never be used, and a slow path for data buffers in nearly
every DMA-capable PCIe device. For example, our workload at Netflix
was spending nearly 1% of all CPU time going through this slow path.
Fix this problem by being more selective about when to set the
COULD_BOUNCE flag. Only set it when the boundary restriction
exists and the consumer cannot do more than a single DMA segment
at once. This fixes the case of dynamic buffers (mbufs, bio's)
but doesn't address static buffers allocated from bus_dmamem_alloc().
That case will be addressed in the future.
For those interested, this was discovered thanks to Dtrace Flame
Graphs.
Discussed with: jhb, kib
Obtained from: Netflix, Inc.
MFC after: 3 days
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