432 lines
10 KiB
Groff
432 lines
10 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1991 Carnegie Mellon University
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd October 31, 1991
|
|
.Dt BOOTPTAB 5
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm bootptab
|
|
.Nd Internet Bootstrap Protocol server database
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
file is the configuration database file for
|
|
.Xr bootpd 8 ,
|
|
the Internet Bootstrap Protocol server.
|
|
Its format is similar to that of
|
|
.Xr termcap 5
|
|
in which two-character case-sensitive tag symbols are used to
|
|
represent host parameters.
|
|
These parameter declarations are separated by
|
|
colons (:), with a general format of:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl "hostname:tg=value. . . :tg=value. . . :tg=value. . . ."
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Em hostname
|
|
is the actual name of a bootp client (or a "dummy entry"), and
|
|
.Em tg
|
|
is a two-character tag symbol.
|
|
Dummy entries have an invalid hostname
|
|
(one with a "." as the first character) and are used to provide
|
|
default values used by other entries via the
|
|
.Em tc=.dummy-entry
|
|
mechanism.
|
|
Most tags must be followed by an equals-sign
|
|
and a value as above.
|
|
Some may also appear in a boolean form with no
|
|
value (i.e.\&
|
|
.Em :tg: ) .
|
|
The currently recognized tags are:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width xxx -compact
|
|
.It bf
|
|
Bootfile
|
|
.It bs
|
|
Bootfile size in 512-octet blocks
|
|
.It cs
|
|
Cookie server address list
|
|
.It df
|
|
Merit dump file
|
|
.It dn
|
|
Domain name
|
|
.It ds
|
|
Domain name server address list
|
|
.It ef
|
|
Extension file
|
|
.It gw
|
|
Gateway address list
|
|
.It ha
|
|
Host hardware address
|
|
.It hd
|
|
Bootfile home directory
|
|
.It hn
|
|
Send client's hostname to client
|
|
.It ht
|
|
Host hardware type (see Assigned Numbers RFC)
|
|
.It im
|
|
Impress server address list
|
|
.It ip
|
|
Host IP address
|
|
.It lg
|
|
Log server address list
|
|
.It lp
|
|
LPR server address list
|
|
.It ns
|
|
IEN-116 name server address list
|
|
.It nt
|
|
NTP (time) Server (RFC 1129)
|
|
.It ra
|
|
Reply address override
|
|
.It rl
|
|
Resource location protocol server address list
|
|
.It rp
|
|
Root path to mount as root
|
|
.It sa
|
|
TFTP server address client should use
|
|
.It sm
|
|
Host subnet mask
|
|
.It sw
|
|
Swap server address
|
|
.It tc
|
|
Table continuation (points to similar "template" host entry)
|
|
.It td
|
|
TFTP root directory used by "secure" TFTP servers
|
|
.It to
|
|
Time offset in seconds from UTC
|
|
.It ts
|
|
Time server address list
|
|
.It vm
|
|
Vendor magic cookie selector
|
|
.It yd
|
|
YP (NIS) domain name
|
|
.It ys
|
|
YP (NIS) server address
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
There is also a generic tag,
|
|
.Pf T Em n ,
|
|
where
|
|
.Em n
|
|
is an RFC1084 vendor field tag number.
|
|
Thus it is possible to immediately
|
|
take advantage of future extensions to RFC1084 without being forced to modify
|
|
.Nm bootpd
|
|
first.
|
|
Generic data may be represented as either a stream of hexadecimal
|
|
numbers or as a quoted string of
|
|
.Tn ASCII
|
|
characters.
|
|
The length of the generic
|
|
data is automatically determined and inserted into the proper field(s) of the
|
|
RFC1084-style bootp reply.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following tags take a whitespace-separated list of IP addresses:
|
|
.Em cs ,
|
|
.Em ds ,
|
|
.Em gw ,
|
|
.Em im ,
|
|
.Em lg ,
|
|
.Em lp ,
|
|
.Em ns ,
|
|
.Em nt ,
|
|
.Em ra ,
|
|
.Em rl ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Em ts .
|
|
The
|
|
.Em ip ,
|
|
.Em sa ,
|
|
.Em sw ,
|
|
.Em sm ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Em ys
|
|
tags each take a single IP address.
|
|
All IP addresses are specified in standard Internet "dot" notation
|
|
and may use decimal, octal, or hexadecimal numbers
|
|
(octal numbers begin with 0, hexadecimal numbers begin with '0x' or '0X').
|
|
Any IP addresses may alternatively be specified as a hostname, causing
|
|
.Nm bootpd
|
|
to lookup the IP address for that host name using
|
|
.Xr gethostbyname 3 .
|
|
If the
|
|
.Em ip
|
|
tag is not specified,
|
|
.Nm bootpd
|
|
will determine the IP address using the entry name as the host name.
|
|
(Dummy entries use an invalid host name to avoid automatic IP lookup.)
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Em ht
|
|
tag specifies the hardware type code as either an unsigned decimal, octal, or
|
|
hexadecimal integer or one of the following symbolic names:
|
|
.Em ethernet
|
|
or
|
|
.Em ether
|
|
for 10Mb Ethernet,
|
|
.Em ethernet3
|
|
or
|
|
.Em ether3
|
|
for 3Mb experimental Ethernet,
|
|
.Em ieee802 ,
|
|
.Em tr ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Em token-ring
|
|
for IEEE 802 networks,
|
|
.Em pronet
|
|
for Proteon ProNET Token Ring, or
|
|
.Em chaos ,
|
|
.Em arcnet ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Em ax.25
|
|
for Chaos, ARCNET, and AX.25 Amateur Radio networks, respectively.
|
|
The
|
|
.Em ha
|
|
tag takes a hardware address which may be specified as a host name
|
|
or in numeric form.
|
|
Note that the numeric form
|
|
.Em must
|
|
be specified in hexadecimal; optional periods and/or a leading '0x' may be
|
|
included for readability.
|
|
The
|
|
.Em ha
|
|
tag must be preceded by the
|
|
.Em ht
|
|
tag (either explicitly or implicitly; see
|
|
.Em tc
|
|
below).
|
|
If the hardware address is not specified and the type is specified
|
|
as either "ethernet" or "ieee802", then
|
|
.Nm bootpd
|
|
will try to determine the hardware address using
|
|
.Xr ether_hostton 3 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The hostname, home directory, and bootfile are
|
|
.Tn ASCII
|
|
strings which may be
|
|
optionally surrounded by double quotes (").
|
|
The client's request and the
|
|
values of the
|
|
.Em hd
|
|
and
|
|
.Em bf
|
|
symbols determine how the server fills in the bootfile field of the bootp
|
|
reply packet.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the client provides a file name it is left as is.
|
|
Otherwise, if the
|
|
.Em bf
|
|
option is specified its value is copied into the reply packet.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Em hd
|
|
option is specified as well, its value is prepended to the
|
|
boot file copied into the reply packet.
|
|
The existence of the boot file is checked only if the
|
|
.Em bs Ns =auto
|
|
option is used (to determine the boot file size).
|
|
A reply may be sent whether or not the boot file exists.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Some newer versions of
|
|
.Xr tftpd 8
|
|
provide a security feature to change their root directory using
|
|
the
|
|
.Xr chroot 2
|
|
system call.
|
|
The
|
|
.Em td
|
|
tag may be used to inform
|
|
.Nm bootpd
|
|
of this special root directory used by
|
|
.Nm tftpd .
|
|
(One may alternatively use the
|
|
.Nm bootpd
|
|
.Fl c Ar chdir
|
|
option.)
|
|
The
|
|
.Em hd
|
|
tag is actually relative to the root directory specified by the
|
|
.Em td
|
|
tag.
|
|
For example, if the real absolute path to your BOOTP client bootfile is
|
|
.Pa /tftpboot/bootfiles/bootimage ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Nm tftpd
|
|
uses
|
|
.Pa /tftpboot
|
|
as its "secure" directory, then specify the following in
|
|
.Pa bootptab :
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl :td=/tftpboot:hd=/bootfiles:bf=bootimage:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If your bootfiles are located directly in
|
|
.Pa /tftpboot ,
|
|
use:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl :td=/tftpboot:hd=/:bf=bootimage:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Em sa
|
|
tag may be used to specify the IP address of the particular TFTP server
|
|
you wish the client to use.
|
|
In the absence of this tag,
|
|
.Nm bootpd
|
|
will tell the client to perform TFTP to the same machine
|
|
.Nm bootpd
|
|
is running on.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The time offset
|
|
.Em to
|
|
may be either a signed decimal integer specifying the client's
|
|
time zone offset in seconds from UTC, or the keyword
|
|
.Em auto
|
|
which uses the server's time zone offset.
|
|
Specifying the
|
|
.Em to
|
|
symbol as a boolean has the same effect as specifying
|
|
.Em auto
|
|
as its value.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The bootfile size
|
|
.Em bs
|
|
may be either a decimal, octal, or hexadecimal integer specifying the size of
|
|
the bootfile in 512-octet blocks, or the keyword
|
|
.Em auto
|
|
which causes the server to automatically calculate the bootfile size at each
|
|
request.
|
|
As with the time offset, specifying the
|
|
.Em bs
|
|
symbol as a boolean has the same effect as specifying
|
|
.Em auto
|
|
as its value.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The vendor magic cookie selector (the
|
|
.Em vm
|
|
tag) may take one of the following keywords:
|
|
.Em auto
|
|
(indicating that vendor information is determined by the client's request),
|
|
.Em rfc1048
|
|
or
|
|
.Em rfc1084
|
|
(which always forces an RFC1084-style reply), or
|
|
.Em cmu
|
|
(which always forces a CMU-style reply).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Em hn
|
|
tag is strictly a boolean tag; it does not take the usual equals-sign and
|
|
value.
|
|
Its presence indicates that the hostname should be sent to RFC1084
|
|
clients.
|
|
.Nm Bootpd
|
|
attempts to send the entire hostname as it is specified in the configuration
|
|
file; if this will not fit into the reply packet, the name is shortened to
|
|
just the host field (up to the first period, if present) and then tried.
|
|
In no case is an arbitrarily-truncated hostname sent (if nothing reasonable
|
|
will fit, nothing is sent).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Often, many host entries share common values for certain tags (such as name
|
|
servers, etc.).
|
|
Rather than repeatedly specifying these tags, a full
|
|
specification can be listed for one host entry and shared by others via the
|
|
.Em tc
|
|
(table continuation) mechanism.
|
|
Often, the template entry is a dummy host which does not actually exist and
|
|
never sends bootp requests.
|
|
This feature is similar to the
|
|
.Em tc
|
|
feature of
|
|
.Xr termcap 5
|
|
for similar terminals.
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Nm bootpd
|
|
allows the
|
|
.Em tc
|
|
tag symbol to appear anywhere in the host entry, unlike
|
|
.Pa termcap
|
|
which requires it to be the last tag.
|
|
Information explicitly specified for a
|
|
host always overrides information implied by a
|
|
.Em tc
|
|
tag symbol, regardless of its location within the entry.
|
|
The
|
|
value of the
|
|
.Em tc
|
|
tag may be the hostname or IP address of any host entry
|
|
previously listed in the configuration file.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Sometimes it is necessary to delete a specific tag after it has been inferred
|
|
via
|
|
.Em tc .
|
|
This can be done using the construction
|
|
.Em tag Ns @
|
|
which removes the effect of
|
|
.Em tag
|
|
as in
|
|
.Xr termcap 5 .
|
|
For example, to completely undo an IEN-116 name server specification, use
|
|
.Em :ns@:
|
|
at an appropriate place in the configuration entry.
|
|
After removal
|
|
with
|
|
.Em @ ,
|
|
a tag is eligible to be set again through the
|
|
.Em tc
|
|
mechanism.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Blank lines and lines beginning with "#" are ignored in the configuration
|
|
file.
|
|
Host entries are separated from one another by newlines; a single host
|
|
entry may be extended over multiple lines if the lines end with a backslash
|
|
(\\).
|
|
It is also acceptable for lines to be longer than 80 characters.
|
|
Tags
|
|
may appear in any order, with the following exceptions: the hostname must be
|
|
the very first field in an entry, and the hardware type must precede the
|
|
hardware address.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
An example
|
|
.Pa /etc/bootptab
|
|
file follows:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# Sample bootptab file (domain=andrew.cmu.edu)
|
|
|
|
\&.default:\\
|
|
:hd=/usr/boot:bf=null:\\
|
|
:ds=netserver, lancaster:\\
|
|
:ns=pcs2, pcs1:\\
|
|
:ts=pcs2, pcs1:\\
|
|
:sm=255.255.255.0:\\
|
|
:gw=gw.cs.cmu.edu:\\
|
|
:hn:to=-18000:
|
|
|
|
carnegie:ht=6:ha=7FF8100000AF:tc=.default:
|
|
baldwin:ht=1:ha=0800200159C3:tc=.default:
|
|
wylie:ht=1:ha=00DD00CADF00:tc=.default:
|
|
arnold:ht=1:ha=0800200102AD:tc=.default:
|
|
bairdford:ht=1:ha=08002B02A2F9:tc=.default:
|
|
bakerstown:ht=1:ha=08002B0287C8:tc=.default:
|
|
|
|
# Special domain name server and option tags for next host
|
|
butlerjct:ha=08002001560D:ds=128.2.13.42:\\
|
|
:T37=0x12345927AD3BCF:\\
|
|
:T99="Special ASCII string":\\
|
|
:tc=.default:
|
|
|
|
gastonville:ht=6:ha=7FFF81000A47:tc=.default:
|
|
hahntown:ht=6:ha=7FFF81000434:tc=.default:
|
|
hickman:ht=6:ha=7FFF810001BA:tc=.default:
|
|
lowber:ht=1:ha=00DD00CAF000:tc=.default:
|
|
mtoliver:ht=1:ha=00DD00FE1600:tc=.default:
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /etc/bootptab -compact
|
|
.It /etc/bootptab
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.Xr bootpd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr tftpd 8
|
|
.Pp
|
|
DARPA Internet Request For Comments RFC951, RFC1048, RFC1084, Assigned Numbers
|