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freebsd-nq/include/stdlib.h
Conrad Meyer 672e12255d rand(3): Replace implementation with one backed by random(3) algorithm 
rand(3)'s standard C API is extremely limiting, but we can do better
than the historical 32-bit state Park-Miller LCG we've shipped since
2001: r73156.

The justification provided at the time for not using random(3) was that
rand_r(3) could not be made to use the same algorithm.  That is still
true.  However, the irrelevance of rand_r(3) is increasingly obvious.
Since that time, POSIX has marked the interface obsolescent.  rand_r(3)
never became part of the standard C library.  If not for API
compatibility reasons, I would just remove rand_r(3) entirely.

So, I do not believe it is a problem for rand_r(3) and rand(3) to
diverge.

The 12 ABI is maintained with compatibility definitions, but this
revision does subtly change the API of rand(3).  The sequences of
pseudorandom numbers produced in programs built against new versions of
libc will differ from programs built against prior versions of libc.

Reviewed by:	kevans, markm
MFC after:	no
Relnotes:	yes
Differential Revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D23290
2020-02-01 20:33:23 +00:00

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/*-
* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
*
* Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* @(#)stdlib.h 8.5 (Berkeley) 5/19/95
* $FreeBSD$
*/
#ifndef _STDLIB_H_
#define _STDLIB_H_
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/_null.h>
#include <sys/_types.h>
__NULLABILITY_PRAGMA_PUSH
#if __BSD_VISIBLE
#ifndef _RUNE_T_DECLARED
typedef __rune_t rune_t;
#define _RUNE_T_DECLARED
#endif
#endif
#ifndef _SIZE_T_DECLARED
typedef __size_t size_t;
#define _SIZE_T_DECLARED
#endif
#ifndef __cplusplus
#ifndef _WCHAR_T_DECLARED
typedef ___wchar_t wchar_t;
#define _WCHAR_T_DECLARED
#endif
#endif
typedef struct {
int quot; /* quotient */
int rem; /* remainder */
} div_t;
typedef struct {
long quot;
long rem;
} ldiv_t;
#define EXIT_FAILURE 1
#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0
/*
* I.e., INT_MAX; rand(3) returns a signed integer but must produce output in
* the range [0, RAND_MAX], so half of the possible output range is unused.
*/
#define RAND_MAX 0x7fffffff
__BEGIN_DECLS
#ifdef _XLOCALE_H_
#include <xlocale/_stdlib.h>
#endif
extern int __mb_cur_max;
extern int ___mb_cur_max(void);
#define MB_CUR_MAX ((size_t)___mb_cur_max())
_Noreturn void abort(void);
int abs(int) __pure2;
int atexit(void (* _Nonnull)(void));
double atof(const char *);
int atoi(const char *);
long atol(const char *);
void *bsearch(const void *, const void *, size_t,
size_t, int (*)(const void * _Nonnull, const void *));
void *calloc(size_t, size_t) __malloc_like __result_use_check
__alloc_size2(1, 2);
div_t div(int, int) __pure2;
_Noreturn void exit(int);
void free(void *);
char *getenv(const char *);
long labs(long) __pure2;
ldiv_t ldiv(long, long) __pure2;
void *malloc(size_t) __malloc_like __result_use_check __alloc_size(1);
int mblen(const char *, size_t);
size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t * __restrict , const char * __restrict, size_t);
int mbtowc(wchar_t * __restrict, const char * __restrict, size_t);
void qsort(void *, size_t, size_t,
int (* _Nonnull)(const void *, const void *));
int rand(void);
void *realloc(void *, size_t) __result_use_check __alloc_size(2);
void srand(unsigned);
double strtod(const char * __restrict, char ** __restrict);
float strtof(const char * __restrict, char ** __restrict);
long strtol(const char * __restrict, char ** __restrict, int);
long double
strtold(const char * __restrict, char ** __restrict);
unsigned long
strtoul(const char * __restrict, char ** __restrict, int);
int system(const char *);
int wctomb(char *, wchar_t);
size_t wcstombs(char * __restrict, const wchar_t * __restrict, size_t);
/*
* Functions added in C99 which we make conditionally available in the
* BSD^C89 namespace if the compiler supports `long long'.
* The #if test is more complicated than it ought to be because
* __BSD_VISIBLE implies __ISO_C_VISIBLE == 1999 *even if* `long long'
* is not supported in the compilation environment (which therefore means
* that it can't really be ISO C99).
*
* (The only other extension made by C99 in thie header is _Exit().)
*/
#if __ISO_C_VISIBLE >= 1999 || defined(__cplusplus)
#ifdef __LONG_LONG_SUPPORTED
/* LONGLONG */
typedef struct {
long long quot;
long long rem;
} lldiv_t;
/* LONGLONG */
long long
atoll(const char *);
/* LONGLONG */
long long
llabs(long long) __pure2;
/* LONGLONG */
lldiv_t lldiv(long long, long long) __pure2;
/* LONGLONG */
long long
strtoll(const char * __restrict, char ** __restrict, int);
/* LONGLONG */
unsigned long long
strtoull(const char * __restrict, char ** __restrict, int);
#endif /* __LONG_LONG_SUPPORTED */
_Noreturn void _Exit(int);
#endif /* __ISO_C_VISIBLE >= 1999 */
/*
* If we're in a mode greater than C99, expose C11 functions.
*/
#if __ISO_C_VISIBLE >= 2011 || __cplusplus >= 201103L
void * aligned_alloc(size_t, size_t) __malloc_like __alloc_align(1)
__alloc_size(2);
int at_quick_exit(void (*)(void));
_Noreturn void
quick_exit(int);
#endif /* __ISO_C_VISIBLE >= 2011 */
/*
* Extensions made by POSIX relative to C.
*/
#if __POSIX_VISIBLE >= 199506 || __XSI_VISIBLE
char *realpath(const char * __restrict, char * __restrict);
#endif
#if __POSIX_VISIBLE >= 199506
int rand_r(unsigned *); /* (TSF) */
#endif
#if __POSIX_VISIBLE >= 200112
int posix_memalign(void **, size_t, size_t); /* (ADV) */
int setenv(const char *, const char *, int);
int unsetenv(const char *);
#endif
#if __POSIX_VISIBLE >= 200809 || __XSI_VISIBLE
int getsubopt(char **, char *const *, char **);
#ifndef _MKDTEMP_DECLARED
char *mkdtemp(char *);
#define _MKDTEMP_DECLARED
#endif
#ifndef _MKSTEMP_DECLARED
int mkstemp(char *);
#define _MKSTEMP_DECLARED
#endif
#endif /* __POSIX_VISIBLE >= 200809 || __XSI_VISIBLE */
/*
* The only changes to the XSI namespace in revision 6 were the deletion
* of the ttyslot() and valloc() functions, which FreeBSD never declared
* in this header. For revision 7, ecvt(), fcvt(), and gcvt(), which
* FreeBSD also does not have, and mktemp(), are to be deleted.
*/
#if __XSI_VISIBLE
/* XXX XSI requires pollution from <sys/wait.h> here. We'd rather not. */
long a64l(const char *);
double drand48(void);
/* char *ecvt(double, int, int * __restrict, int * __restrict); */
double erand48(unsigned short[3]);
/* char *fcvt(double, int, int * __restrict, int * __restrict); */
/* char *gcvt(double, int, int * __restrict, int * __restrict); */
int grantpt(int);
char *initstate(unsigned int, char *, size_t);
long jrand48(unsigned short[3]);
char *l64a(long);
void lcong48(unsigned short[7]);
long lrand48(void);
#if !defined(_MKTEMP_DECLARED) && (__BSD_VISIBLE || __XSI_VISIBLE <= 600)
char *mktemp(char *);
#define _MKTEMP_DECLARED
#endif
long mrand48(void);
long nrand48(unsigned short[3]);
int posix_openpt(int);
char *ptsname(int);
int putenv(char *);
long random(void);
unsigned short
*seed48(unsigned short[3]);
char *setstate(/* const */ char *);
void srand48(long);
void srandom(unsigned int);
int unlockpt(int);
#endif /* __XSI_VISIBLE */
#if __BSD_VISIBLE
extern const char *malloc_conf;
extern void (*malloc_message)(void *, const char *);
/*
* The alloca() function can't be implemented in C, and on some
* platforms it can't be implemented at all as a callable function.
* The GNU C compiler provides a built-in alloca() which we can use.
* On platforms where alloca() is not in libc, programs which use it
* will fail to link when compiled with non-GNU compilers.
*/
#if __GNUC__ >= 2 || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
#undef alloca /* some GNU bits try to get cute and define this on their own */
#define alloca(sz) __builtin_alloca(sz)
#endif
void abort2(const char *, int, void **) __dead2;
__uint32_t
arc4random(void);
void arc4random_buf(void *, size_t);
__uint32_t
arc4random_uniform(__uint32_t);
#ifdef __BLOCKS__
int atexit_b(void (^ _Nonnull)(void));
void *bsearch_b(const void *, const void *, size_t,
size_t, int (^ _Nonnull)(const void *, const void *));
#endif
char *getbsize(int *, long *);
/* getcap(3) functions */
char *cgetcap(char *, const char *, int);
int cgetclose(void);
int cgetent(char **, char **, const char *);
int cgetfirst(char **, char **);
int cgetmatch(const char *, const char *);
int cgetnext(char **, char **);
int cgetnum(char *, const char *, long *);
int cgetset(const char *);
int cgetstr(char *, const char *, char **);
int cgetustr(char *, const char *, char **);
int daemon(int, int);
int daemonfd(int, int);
char *devname(__dev_t, __mode_t);
char *devname_r(__dev_t, __mode_t, char *, int);
char *fdevname(int);
char *fdevname_r(int, char *, int);
int getloadavg(double [], int);
const char *
getprogname(void);
int heapsort(void *, size_t, size_t,
int (* _Nonnull)(const void *, const void *));
#ifdef __BLOCKS__
int heapsort_b(void *, size_t, size_t,
int (^ _Nonnull)(const void *, const void *));
void qsort_b(void *, size_t, size_t,
int (^ _Nonnull)(const void *, const void *));
#endif
int l64a_r(long, char *, int);
int mergesort(void *, size_t, size_t, int (*)(const void *, const void *));
#ifdef __BLOCKS__
int mergesort_b(void *, size_t, size_t, int (^)(const void *, const void *));
#endif
int mkostemp(char *, int);
int mkostemps(char *, int, int);
int mkostempsat(int, char *, int, int);
void qsort_r(void *, size_t, size_t, void *,
int (*)(void *, const void *, const void *));
int radixsort(const unsigned char **, int, const unsigned char *,
unsigned);
void *reallocarray(void *, size_t, size_t) __result_use_check
__alloc_size2(2, 3);
void *reallocf(void *, size_t) __result_use_check __alloc_size(2);
int rpmatch(const char *);
void setprogname(const char *);
int sradixsort(const unsigned char **, int, const unsigned char *,
unsigned);
void srandomdev(void);
long long
strtonum(const char *, long long, long long, const char **);
/* Deprecated interfaces, to be removed. */
__int64_t
strtoq(const char *, char **, int);
__uint64_t
strtouq(const char *, char **, int);
extern char *suboptarg; /* getsubopt(3) external variable */
#endif /* __BSD_VISIBLE */
#if __EXT1_VISIBLE
#ifndef _RSIZE_T_DEFINED
#define _RSIZE_T_DEFINED
typedef size_t rsize_t;
#endif
#ifndef _ERRNO_T_DEFINED
#define _ERRNO_T_DEFINED
typedef int errno_t;
#endif
/* K.3.6 */
typedef void (*constraint_handler_t)(const char * __restrict,
void * __restrict, errno_t);
/* K.3.6.1.1 */
constraint_handler_t set_constraint_handler_s(constraint_handler_t handler);
/* K.3.6.1.2 */
_Noreturn void abort_handler_s(const char * __restrict, void * __restrict,
errno_t);
/* K3.6.1.3 */
void ignore_handler_s(const char * __restrict, void * __restrict, errno_t);
/* K.3.6.3.2 */
errno_t qsort_s(void *, rsize_t, rsize_t,
int (*)(const void *, const void *, void *), void *);
#endif /* __EXT1_VISIBLE */
__END_DECLS
__NULLABILITY_PRAGMA_POP
#endif /* !_STDLIB_H_ */
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