d61d836c6b
Release 2014j - 2014-11-10 17:37:11 -0800
Changes affecting current and future time stamps
Turks & Caicos' switch from US eastern time to UTC-4 year-round
did not occur on 2014-11-02 at 02:00. It's currently scheduled
for 2015-11-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Chris Walton.)
Changes affecting past time stamps
Many pre-1989 time stamps have been corrected for Asia/Seoul and
Asia/Pyongyang, based on sources for the Korean-language Wikipedia
entry for time in Korea. (Thanks to Sanghyuk Jung.) Also, no
longer guess that Pyongyang mimicked Seoul time after World War II,
as this is politically implausible.
Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed
from existing zones only for older time stamps. As usual,
these changes affect UTC offsets in pre-1970 time stamps only.
Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file.
The affected zones are: Africa/Addis_Ababa, Africa/Asmara,
Africa/Dar_es_Salaam, Africa/Djibouti, Africa/Kampala,
Africa/Mogadishu, Indian/Antananarivo, Indian/Comoro, and
Indian/Mayotte.
Changes affecting commentary
The commentary is less enthusiastic about Shanks as a source,
and is more careful to distinguish UT from UTC.
1761 lines
72 KiB
Plaintext
1761 lines
72 KiB
Plaintext
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
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# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
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# This file also includes Pacific islands.
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# Notes are at the end of this file
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###############################################################################
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# Australia
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# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
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Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
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Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
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Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
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# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
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# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
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# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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# Northern Territory
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Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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9:00 - ACST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus AC%sT
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# Western Australia
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#
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
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8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
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8:00 AW AW%sT
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Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
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8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul
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8:45 AW ACW%sT
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# Queensland
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#
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# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
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# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
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# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
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# Queensland ceased to.
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
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# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
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# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
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# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
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# so use Lindeman.
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#
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
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10:00 AQ AE%sT
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Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
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10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
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10:00 Holiday AE%sT
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# South Australia
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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9:00 - ACST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
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9:30 AS AC%sT
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# Tasmania
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
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# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
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# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
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#
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
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10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
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10:00 AT AE%sT
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Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
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10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
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10:00 AT AE%sT
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# Victoria
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
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10:00 AV AE%sT
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# New South Wales
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
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10:00 AN AE%sT
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Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
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10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
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9:00 - ACST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
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9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
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9:30 AS AC%sT
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# Lord Howe Island
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
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Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
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Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
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Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
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Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
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Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
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Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
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Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
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10:30 LH LH%sT
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# Australian miscellany
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#
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# Ashmore Is, Cartier
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# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
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# no times are set
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#
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# Coral Sea Is
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# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
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# no times are set
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#
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# Macquarie
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# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
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# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
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# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
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# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
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# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
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# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
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#
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# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
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# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
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# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
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# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
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# on 4 April.
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#
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# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
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# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
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# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
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# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
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# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
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Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
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10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
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0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
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10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
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11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
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# Christmas
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
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# Cocos (Keeling) Is
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# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
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# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
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6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
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# Fiji
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# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
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# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
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# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
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# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
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#
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# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
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# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
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# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
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# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
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# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
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# amendments:
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# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
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# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
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# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
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# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
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# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
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# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
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#
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# Official source:
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# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
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#
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# A bit more background info here:
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# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
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# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
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# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
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# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
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# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
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# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
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# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
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# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
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|
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# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
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# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
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# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
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#
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# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
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# which says
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# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
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# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
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# 2am on February 26 next year.
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|
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# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
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# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
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# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
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#
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# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
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# states:
|
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#
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# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
|
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# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
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# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
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# on the 23rd of October, 2011.
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|
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# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
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# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
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# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
|
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# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
|
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# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
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|
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# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
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# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
|
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# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
|
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# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
|
||
|
||
# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
|
||
# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
|
||
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
|
||
|
||
# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
|
||
# DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
|
||
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20):
|
||
# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to
|
||
# 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it
|
||
# matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future
|
||
# practice than guessing no DST.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
|
||
12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
|
||
|
||
# French Polynesia
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
|
||
-9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
|
||
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
|
||
-9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
|
||
Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
|
||
-10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
|
||
# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
|
||
# it is uninhabited.
|
||
|
||
# Guam
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
|
||
9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
|
||
10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
|
||
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
|
||
|
||
# Kiribati
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
|
||
12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
|
||
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
|
||
-12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
|
||
-11:00 - PHOT 1995
|
||
13:00 - PHOT
|
||
Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
|
||
-10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
|
||
-10:00 - LINT 1995
|
||
14:00 - LINT
|
||
|
||
# N Mariana Is
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
|
||
9:43:00 - LMT 1901
|
||
9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
|
||
10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
|
||
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
|
||
|
||
# Marshall Is
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
|
||
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
|
||
12:00 - MHT
|
||
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
|
||
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
|
||
-12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
|
||
12:00 - MHT
|
||
|
||
# Micronesia
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
|
||
10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
|
||
Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
|
||
11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
|
||
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
|
||
11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
|
||
12:00 - KOST 1999
|
||
11:00 - KOST
|
||
|
||
# Nauru
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
|
||
11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
|
||
9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
|
||
11:30 - NRT 1979 May
|
||
12:00 - NRT
|
||
|
||
# New Caledonia
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
|
||
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
|
||
11:00 NC NC%sT
|
||
|
||
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
# New Zealand
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
|
||
Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
|
||
Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
|
||
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
|
||
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
|
||
Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
|
||
# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
|
||
# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
|
||
# so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
|
||
Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
|
||
Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
|
||
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
|
||
Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
|
||
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
|
||
Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
|
||
Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
|
||
Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
|
||
Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
|
||
Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
|
||
Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
|
||
Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
|
||
Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
|
||
Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
|
||
Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
|
||
Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
|
||
Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
|
||
Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
|
||
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
|
||
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
|
||
Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
|
||
12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1
|
||
12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
|
||
|
||
Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
|
||
|
||
# Auckland Is
|
||
# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
|
||
# and scientific personnel have wintered
|
||
|
||
# Campbell I
|
||
# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
|
||
# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
|
||
# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
|
||
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
|
||
|
||
# Cook Is
|
||
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
|
||
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
|
||
-10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
|
||
-10:00 Cook CK%sT
|
||
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Niue
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
|
||
-11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
|
||
-11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
|
||
-11:00 - NUT
|
||
|
||
# Norfolk
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
|
||
11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
|
||
11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
|
||
|
||
# Palau (Belau)
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
|
||
9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
|
||
|
||
# Papua New Guinea
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
|
||
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
|
||
10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
|
||
# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
|
||
# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
|
||
#
|
||
# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates
|
||
# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
|
||
# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
|
||
# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
|
||
# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
|
||
# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
|
||
# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
|
||
#
|
||
# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11
|
||
# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
|
||
# abbreviate this as BST. See:
|
||
# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
|
||
#
|
||
Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
|
||
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
|
||
10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul
|
||
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21
|
||
10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00
|
||
11:00 - BST
|
||
|
||
# Pitcairn
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
|
||
-8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00
|
||
-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
|
||
|
||
# American Samoa
|
||
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
|
||
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
|
||
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
|
||
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
|
||
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
|
||
|
||
# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
|
||
|
||
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
|
||
# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
|
||
# the following info:
|
||
#
|
||
# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
|
||
# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
|
||
# Sunday of April 2011."
|
||
#
|
||
# Background info:
|
||
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
|
||
#
|
||
# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
|
||
# contain any dates:
|
||
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
|
||
|
||
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
|
||
# Please see
|
||
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
|
||
# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
|
||
# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
|
||
# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
|
||
# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
|
||
|
||
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
|
||
# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
|
||
#
|
||
# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
|
||
# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
|
||
# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
|
||
# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
|
||
|
||
# From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
|
||
# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
|
||
# The International Date Line Act 2011
|
||
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
|
||
# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
|
||
# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
|
||
# accordingly.
|
||
|
||
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
|
||
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
|
||
#
|
||
# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
|
||
#
|
||
# DST
|
||
# Year End Time Start Time
|
||
# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
|
||
# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
|
||
#
|
||
# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
|
||
# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
|
||
# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
|
||
#
|
||
# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
|
||
# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
|
||
# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
|
||
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
|
||
# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
|
||
# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
|
||
Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
|
||
Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
|
||
Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
|
||
Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
|
||
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
|
||
-11:30 - WSST 1950
|
||
-11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
|
||
13:00 WS WS%sT
|
||
|
||
# Solomon Is
|
||
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
|
||
11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
|
||
|
||
# Tokelau Is
|
||
#
|
||
# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
|
||
# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
|
||
# December 31 this year ...
|
||
#
|
||
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
|
||
# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
|
||
# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
|
||
# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
|
||
# actually was to UTC-11 back then.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
|
||
# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
|
||
# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
|
||
# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
|
||
# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
|
||
# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
|
||
-11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
|
||
13:00 - TKT
|
||
|
||
# Tonga
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
|
||
12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
|
||
13:00 - TOT 1999
|
||
13:00 Tonga TO%sT
|
||
|
||
# Tuvalu
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
|
||
12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
|
||
|
||
|
||
# US minor outlying islands
|
||
|
||
# Howland, Baker
|
||
# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
|
||
# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
|
||
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
|
||
# uninhabited thereafter.
|
||
# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
|
||
# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
|
||
# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
|
||
# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
|
||
# until they were abandoned after the war.
|
||
|
||
# Jarvis
|
||
# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
|
||
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
|
||
# uninhabited thereafter.
|
||
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
|
||
|
||
# Johnston
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
|
||
# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
|
||
# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
|
||
# treat it like Hawaii for now.
|
||
#
|
||
# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
|
||
# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
|
||
# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
|
||
# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
|
||
# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
|
||
# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
|
||
# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
|
||
# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
|
||
# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
|
||
# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
|
||
# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
|
||
# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
|
||
# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
|
||
# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
|
||
# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
|
||
# Minus One Hour".
|
||
#
|
||
# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
|
||
|
||
# Kingman
|
||
# uninhabited
|
||
|
||
# Midway
|
||
#
|
||
# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
|
||
# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
|
||
# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
|
||
# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
|
||
# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
|
||
# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
|
||
# designations that I've never seen before:....
|
||
# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
|
||
# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
|
||
#
|
||
Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
|
||
-11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
|
||
-11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
|
||
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
|
||
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
|
||
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
|
||
|
||
# Palmyra
|
||
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
|
||
|
||
# Wake
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
|
||
12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Vanuatu
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
|
||
11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
|
||
|
||
# Wallis and Futuna
|
||
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
|
||
12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
|
||
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
# NOTES
|
||
|
||
# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
|
||
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
|
||
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
|
||
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
|
||
#
|
||
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
|
||
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
|
||
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
|
||
# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
|
||
#
|
||
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
|
||
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
|
||
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
|
||
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
|
||
# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
|
||
# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
|
||
#
|
||
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
|
||
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
|
||
# I found in the UCLA library.
|
||
#
|
||
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
|
||
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
|
||
# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
|
||
#
|
||
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
|
||
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
|
||
#
|
||
# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
|
||
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
|
||
# Corrections are welcome!
|
||
# std dst
|
||
# LMT Local Mean Time
|
||
# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
|
||
# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
|
||
# 9:00 JST Japan
|
||
# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
|
||
# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
|
||
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
|
||
# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
|
||
# 11:00 BST Bougainville*
|
||
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
|
||
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
|
||
# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
|
||
# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
|
||
# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
|
||
# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
|
||
# -11:00 SST Samoa
|
||
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
|
||
# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
|
||
#
|
||
# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
|
||
# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
|
||
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
# Australia
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
|
||
# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
|
||
# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
|
||
# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
|
||
# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
|
||
# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
|
||
# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
|
||
# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
|
||
# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
|
||
# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
|
||
# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
|
||
# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
|
||
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
|
||
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
|
||
# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
|
||
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
|
||
# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
|
||
# covers New South Wales in particular.
|
||
|
||
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
|
||
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
|
||
# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
|
||
# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
|
||
# abbreviation does _not_ change...
|
||
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
|
||
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
|
||
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
|
||
# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
|
||
# time'.
|
||
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
|
||
# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
|
||
# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
|
||
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
|
||
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
|
||
# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
|
||
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
|
||
#
|
||
# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
|
||
# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
|
||
# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
|
||
# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
|
||
# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
|
||
# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
|
||
# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
|
||
# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
|
||
# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
|
||
# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
|
||
# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
|
||
# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
|
||
#
|
||
# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
|
||
# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
|
||
# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
|
||
# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
|
||
# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
|
||
# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
|
||
# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
|
||
# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
|
||
# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
|
||
# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
|
||
#
|
||
# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
|
||
# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
|
||
#
|
||
# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
|
||
# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
|
||
# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
|
||
# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
|
||
#
|
||
# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
|
||
# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
|
||
#
|
||
# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
|
||
# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
|
||
# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
|
||
# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
|
||
# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
|
||
# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
|
||
# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
|
||
#
|
||
# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
|
||
# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
|
||
# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
|
||
# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
|
||
# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
|
||
# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
|
||
# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
|
||
# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
|
||
# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
|
||
# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
|
||
# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
|
||
# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
|
||
# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
|
||
# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
|
||
#
|
||
# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
|
||
#
|
||
# The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
|
||
# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
|
||
# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
|
||
# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
|
||
#
|
||
# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
|
||
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
|
||
# EST CST WST EDT CDT
|
||
#
|
||
# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
|
||
# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
|
||
# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
|
||
#
|
||
# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
|
||
# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
|
||
# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
|
||
#
|
||
# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
|
||
# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
|
||
# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
|
||
#
|
||
# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
|
||
# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
|
||
# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
|
||
# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
|
||
# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
|
||
# appear in reports of events with international implications.
|
||
#
|
||
# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
|
||
# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
|
||
# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
|
||
# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
|
||
# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
|
||
# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
|
||
# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
|
||
# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
|
||
# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
|
||
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
|
||
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
|
||
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
|
||
# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
|
||
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
|
||
|
||
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
|
||
#
|
||
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
|
||
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
|
||
# relevant entries in this database.
|
||
#
|
||
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
|
||
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
|
||
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
|
||
# ACT
|
||
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
|
||
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
|
||
# SA
|
||
# Standard Time Act, 1898
|
||
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
|
||
|
||
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
|
||
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
|
||
# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
|
||
# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
|
||
# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
|
||
# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
|
||
# to extend DST together in 2006.
|
||
# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
|
||
# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
|
||
# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
|
||
# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
|
||
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
|
||
# allude to it.
|
||
# But not Queensland
|
||
# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
|
||
|
||
# Northern Territory
|
||
|
||
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
||
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
|
||
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
||
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
|
||
|
||
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
||
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
||
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
|
||
|
||
# Western Australia
|
||
|
||
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
||
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
|
||
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
||
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
|
||
# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
|
||
# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
|
||
# # before reaching parliament.
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
|
||
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
|
||
|
||
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
||
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
||
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
|
||
|
||
# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
|
||
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
|
||
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
|
||
# work at 9.00am.)
|
||
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
|
||
# everybody again.
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
||
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
|
||
# it matches what was used in the past.
|
||
|
||
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
|
||
# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
|
||
# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
|
||
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
|
||
|
||
# Queensland
|
||
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
||
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
|
||
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
|
||
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
|
||
|
||
# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
|
||
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
|
||
# October 1989).
|
||
|
||
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
||
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
||
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
|
||
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
|
||
|
||
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
|
||
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
|
||
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
|
||
# me.)
|
||
|
||
# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
|
||
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
|
||
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
|
||
# ...
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
||
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
|
||
|
||
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
|
||
# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
|
||
# WA are trialing DST for three years.
|
||
# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
|
||
|
||
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
|
||
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
|
||
# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
|
||
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
|
||
# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
|
||
# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
|
||
# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
|
||
# Australia and Western Australia....
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
|
||
# This is confirmed by the section entitled
|
||
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
|
||
# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
|
||
#
|
||
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
|
||
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
|
||
# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
|
||
# coast of the continent.
|
||
#
|
||
# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
|
||
# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
|
||
# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
|
||
# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
|
||
# the largest population centre in this zone....
|
||
#
|
||
# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
|
||
# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
|
||
# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
|
||
# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
|
||
#
|
||
# (2006-12-09):
|
||
# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
|
||
# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
|
||
# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
|
||
# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
|
||
# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
|
||
# introduction of standard time in 1895.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# southeast Australia
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
||
# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
|
||
# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
|
||
# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
|
||
|
||
|
||
# South Australia
|
||
|
||
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
||
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
||
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
|
||
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
|
||
|
||
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
||
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
|
||
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
|
||
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
|
||
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
|
||
|
||
# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
|
||
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
|
||
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
|
||
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
|
||
|
||
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
|
||
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
|
||
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
|
||
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
|
||
# is on...
|
||
|
||
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
|
||
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
|
||
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
|
||
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
|
||
|
||
# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
|
||
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
|
||
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
|
||
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
|
||
|
||
# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
|
||
# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
|
||
# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
|
||
# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
||
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
||
|
||
# Tasmania
|
||
|
||
# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
|
||
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
||
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
|
||
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
||
|
||
# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
|
||
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
|
||
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
|
||
# (but nothing new about that).
|
||
|
||
# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
|
||
# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
|
||
# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
|
||
# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
|
||
# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
|
||
# instead of the first Sunday in October.
|
||
|
||
# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
|
||
# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
||
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
||
|
||
# Victoria
|
||
|
||
# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
|
||
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
||
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
|
||
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
||
|
||
# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
|
||
# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
|
||
# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
|
||
# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
|
||
# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
|
||
# in Melbourne, Australia.
|
||
#
|
||
# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
|
||
# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
|
||
# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
|
||
# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
|
||
# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
|
||
# expected time.
|
||
#
|
||
# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
|
||
# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
|
||
# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
|
||
# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
|
||
#
|
||
# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
|
||
# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
||
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
||
|
||
# New South Wales
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson:
|
||
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
|
||
# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
|
||
# who notes:
|
||
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
|
||
# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
|
||
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
|
||
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
|
||
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
|
||
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
|
||
|
||
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
|
||
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
|
||
# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
|
||
# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
|
||
# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
|
||
# See the following official NSW source:
|
||
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
|
||
# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
|
||
#
|
||
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
|
||
# daylight saving next year. See:
|
||
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
|
||
# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
|
||
# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
|
||
#
|
||
# Victoria will following NSW. See:
|
||
# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
|
||
# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
|
||
#
|
||
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
|
||
# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
|
||
# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
|
||
#
|
||
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
|
||
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
|
||
# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
|
||
# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
|
||
# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
|
||
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
|
||
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
|
||
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
|
||
# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
|
||
#
|
||
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
|
||
# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
|
||
# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
|
||
|
||
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
|
||
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
|
||
# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
|
||
|
||
# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
|
||
# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
|
||
# towns to use Queensland time.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
||
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
||
|
||
# Yancowinna
|
||
|
||
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
|
||
# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
|
||
|
||
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
||
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
|
||
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
|
||
# ...
|
||
# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
|
||
# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
|
||
# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
|
||
# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
|
||
# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
|
||
# # presently available.
|
||
# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
|
||
# [followed by other Rules]
|
||
|
||
# Lord Howe Island
|
||
|
||
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
||
# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
|
||
# [ Dec 1990 ]
|
||
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
|
||
# hour ahead of NSW time.
|
||
|
||
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
|
||
# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
|
||
# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
|
||
# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
|
||
# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
|
||
# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
|
||
# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
|
||
# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
|
||
# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
|
||
# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
|
||
|
||
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
|
||
# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
|
||
# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
|
||
# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
|
||
# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
|
||
# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
||
# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
|
||
# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
||
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
||
|
||
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
|
||
# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
|
||
# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
|
||
# summer (southern hemisphere).
|
||
#
|
||
# From
|
||
# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
|
||
# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
|
||
# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
|
||
# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
|
||
# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
|
||
# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
|
||
# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
|
||
# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
|
||
#
|
||
# We have a wrap-up here:
|
||
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
# New Zealand
|
||
|
||
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
|
||
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
|
||
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
|
||
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
|
||
# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
|
||
|
||
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
||
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
|
||
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
|
||
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
|
||
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
|
||
# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
|
||
# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
||
# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
|
||
# rather than the October 1 value.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
|
||
# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
|
||
# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
|
||
# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
|
||
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
|
||
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
||
# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
|
||
# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
|
||
# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
#
|
||
# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
|
||
# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
|
||
# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
|
||
|
||
# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
|
||
# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
|
||
# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
|
||
# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
|
||
# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
|
||
# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
|
||
# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
|
||
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
|
||
# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
|
||
# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
|
||
# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
|
||
# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
|
||
# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
|
||
# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
|
||
# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
|
||
# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
|
||
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Fiji
|
||
|
||
# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
|
||
# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
|
||
# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
|
||
|
||
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
|
||
# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
|
||
# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
|
||
# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
|
||
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
|
||
|
||
# From the BBC World Service in
|
||
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
|
||
# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
|
||
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
|
||
# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
|
||
# of the new millennium.
|
||
|
||
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
|
||
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Kiribati
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
|
||
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
|
||
# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
|
||
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Kwajalein
|
||
|
||
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
|
||
# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
|
||
# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
|
||
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
|
||
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# N Mariana Is, Guam
|
||
|
||
# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
|
||
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
|
||
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
|
||
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
|
||
# see Asia/Manila.
|
||
|
||
# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
|
||
# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
|
||
# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
|
||
# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Micronesia
|
||
|
||
# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
|
||
# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
|
||
# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
|
||
#
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
|
||
# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
|
||
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
|
||
# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
|
||
# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
|
||
# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
|
||
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Midway
|
||
|
||
# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
|
||
# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
|
||
# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
|
||
# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
|
||
# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
|
||
# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
|
||
# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
|
||
# air at 6am your time.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
|
||
# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
|
||
# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
|
||
# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Pitcairn
|
||
|
||
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
|
||
# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
|
||
# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
|
||
#
|
||
# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
|
||
# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
|
||
# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
|
||
#
|
||
# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
|
||
# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
|
||
# somehow in light of this proclamation.
|
||
|
||
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
|
||
# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
|
||
# ... at midnight.
|
||
|
||
# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
|
||
# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
|
||
# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
|
||
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
|
||
|
||
# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
|
||
# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
|
||
# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
|
||
# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
|
||
# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
|
||
|
||
# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
|
||
# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
|
||
# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
|
||
# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
|
||
# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
|
||
# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
|
||
# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
|
||
# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
|
||
|
||
# Tonga
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
|
||
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
|
||
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
|
||
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
|
||
|
||
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
|
||
# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
|
||
# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
|
||
#
|
||
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
|
||
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
|
||
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
|
||
# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
|
||
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
|
||
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
|
||
#
|
||
# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
|
||
# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
|
||
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
|
||
#
|
||
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
|
||
# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
|
||
# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
|
||
# minutes we have lost?"
|
||
#
|
||
# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
|
||
# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
|
||
# to say your prayers in the morning."
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
|
||
|
||
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
|
||
# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
|
||
# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
|
||
# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
|
||
# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
|
||
# Government.
|
||
|
||
# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
|
||
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
|
||
#
|
||
# I was given this link by John Letts:
|
||
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
|
||
#
|
||
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
|
||
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
|
||
# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
|
||
# (12 + 1 hour DST).
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
|
||
# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
|
||
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
|
||
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
|
||
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
|
||
# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
|
||
# set back an hour on the closing date."
|
||
# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
|
||
|
||
# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
|
||
# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
|
||
# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
|
||
|
||
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
|
||
# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
|
||
# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
|
||
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
|
||
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
|
||
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
|
||
# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
|
||
|
||
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
|
||
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
|
||
|
||
# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
|
||
# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
|
||
# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
|
||
# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
|
||
# hour to 1:00am.
|
||
|
||
# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
|
||
# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Wake
|
||
|
||
# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
|
||
# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
|
||
#
|
||
# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
|
||
# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
|
||
# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
|
||
# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
|
||
# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
|
||
# impossible.
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
|
||
# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
|
||
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
# The International Date Line
|
||
|
||
# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
|
||
#
|
||
# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
|
||
# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
|
||
# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
|
||
# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
|
||
#
|
||
# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
|
||
# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
|
||
# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
|
||
# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
|
||
# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
|
||
# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
|
||
# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
|
||
# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
|
||
# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
|
||
# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
|
||
# correct date is ambiguous.
|
||
|
||
# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
|
||
# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
|
||
# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
|
||
# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
|
||
# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
|
||
# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
|
||
# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
|
||
# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
|
||
# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
|
||
# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
|
||
# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
|
||
# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
|
||
# independent merchant ships until World War II.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
|
||
# (2005-03-20):
|
||
#
|
||
# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
|
||
# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
|
||
# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
|
||
# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
|