809 lines
37 KiB
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809 lines
37 KiB
HTML
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- purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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<!-- $Id: Bv9ARM.ch03.html,v 1.35.18.36 2008/05/24 01:31:10 tbox Exp $ -->
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
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<title>Chapter 3. Name Server Configuration</title>
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
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<link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
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<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
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<link rel="prev" href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html" title="Chapter 2. BIND Resource Requirements">
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<link rel="next" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html" title="Chapter 4. Advanced DNS Features">
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
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<div class="navheader">
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<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
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<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 3. Name Server Configuration</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="20%" align="left">
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<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html">Prev</a> </td>
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<th width="60%" align="center"> </th>
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<td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html">Next</a>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<hr>
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</div>
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||
<div class="chapter" lang="en">
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
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<a name="Bv9ARM.ch03"></a>Chapter 3. Name Server Configuration</h2></div></div></div>
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<div class="toc">
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<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
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<dl>
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<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#sample_configuration">Sample Configurations</a></span></dt>
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<dd><dl>
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<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2567894">A Caching-only Name Server</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2567910">An Authoritative-only Name Server</a></span></dt>
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</dl></dd>
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<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2568001">Load Balancing</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2568423">Name Server Operations</a></span></dt>
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<dd><dl>
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<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2568428">Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon</a></span></dt>
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<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="Bv9ARM.ch03.html#id2570142">Signals</a></span></dt>
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</dl></dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<p>
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In this section we provide some suggested configurations along
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with guidelines for their use. We suggest reasonable values for
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certain option settings.
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</p>
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<div class="sect1" lang="en">
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
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<a name="sample_configuration"></a>Sample Configurations</h2></div></div></div>
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<div class="sect2" lang="en">
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
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<a name="id2567894"></a>A Caching-only Name Server</h3></div></div></div>
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<p>
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The following sample configuration is appropriate for a caching-only
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name server for use by clients internal to a corporation. All
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queries
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from outside clients are refused using the <span><strong class="command">allow-query</strong></span>
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option. Alternatively, the same effect could be achieved using
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suitable
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firewall rules.
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting">
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// Two corporate subnets we wish to allow queries from.
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acl corpnets { 192.168.4.0/24; 192.168.7.0/24; };
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options {
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directory "/etc/namedb"; // Working directory
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allow-query { corpnets; };
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};
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// Provide a reverse mapping for the loopback address 127.0.0.1
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zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
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type master;
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file "localhost.rev";
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notify no;
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};
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</pre>
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</div>
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<div class="sect2" lang="en">
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
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<a name="id2567910"></a>An Authoritative-only Name Server</h3></div></div></div>
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<p>
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This sample configuration is for an authoritative-only server
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that is the master server for "<code class="filename">example.com</code>"
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and a slave for the subdomain "<code class="filename">eng.example.com</code>".
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting">
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options {
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directory "/etc/namedb"; // Working directory
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allow-query-cache { none; }; // Do not allow access to cache
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allow-query { any; }; // This is the default
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recursion no; // Do not provide recursive service
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};
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// Provide a reverse mapping for the loopback address 127.0.0.1
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zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
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type master;
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file "localhost.rev";
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notify no;
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};
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// We are the master server for example.com
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zone "example.com" {
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type master;
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file "example.com.db";
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// IP addresses of slave servers allowed to transfer example.com
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allow-transfer {
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192.168.4.14;
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192.168.5.53;
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};
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};
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// We are a slave server for eng.example.com
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zone "eng.example.com" {
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type slave;
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file "eng.example.com.bk";
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// IP address of eng.example.com master server
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masters { 192.168.4.12; };
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};
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</pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sect1" lang="en">
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
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<a name="id2568001"></a>Load Balancing</h2></div></div></div>
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<p>
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A primitive form of load balancing can be achieved in
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the <acronym class="acronym">DNS</acronym> by using multiple records
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(such as multiple A records) for one name.
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</p>
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<p>
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For example, if you have three WWW servers with network addresses
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of 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2 and 10.0.0.3, a set of records such as the
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following means that clients will connect to each machine one third
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of the time:
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</p>
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<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
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<colgroup>
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<col>
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<col>
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<col>
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<col>
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<col>
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</colgroup>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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Name
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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TTL
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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CLASS
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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TYPE
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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Resource Record (RR) Data
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">www</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">600</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">IN</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">A</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">10.0.0.1</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p></p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">600</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">IN</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">A</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">10.0.0.2</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<p></p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">600</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">IN</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">A</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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<td>
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<p>
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<code class="literal">10.0.0.3</code>
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</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table></div>
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<p>
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When a resolver queries for these records, <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> will rotate
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them and respond to the query with the records in a different
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order. In the example above, clients will randomly receive
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records in the order 1, 2, 3; 2, 3, 1; and 3, 1, 2. Most clients
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will use the first record returned and discard the rest.
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</p>
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<p>
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For more detail on ordering responses, check the
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<span><strong class="command">rrset-order</strong></span> substatement in the
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<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement, see
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<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#rrset_ordering">RRset Ordering</a>.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="sect1" lang="en">
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
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<a name="id2568423"></a>Name Server Operations</h2></div></div></div>
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<div class="sect2" lang="en">
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
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<a name="id2568428"></a>Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon</h3></div></div></div>
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<p>
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This section describes several indispensable diagnostic,
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administrative and monitoring tools available to the system
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administrator for controlling and debugging the name server
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daemon.
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</p>
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<div class="sect3" lang="en">
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
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<a name="diagnostic_tools"></a>Diagnostic Tools</h4></div></div></div>
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<p>
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The <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span>, and
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<span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span> programs are all command
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line tools
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for manually querying name servers. They differ in style and
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output format.
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</p>
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<div class="variablelist"><dl>
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<dt><span class="term"><a name="dig"></a><span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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The domain information groper (<span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span>)
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is the most versatile and complete of these lookup tools.
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It has two modes: simple interactive
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mode for a single query, and batch mode which executes a
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query for
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each in a list of several query lines. All query options are
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accessible
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from the command line.
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</p>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">dig</code> [@<em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em>] <em class="replaceable"><code>domain</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>query-type</code></em>] [<em class="replaceable"><code>query-class</code></em>] [+<em class="replaceable"><code>query-option</code></em>] [-<em class="replaceable"><code>dig-option</code></em>] [%<em class="replaceable"><code>comment</code></em>]</p></div>
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<p>
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The usual simple use of dig will take the form
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</p>
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<p>
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<span><strong class="command">dig @server domain query-type query-class</strong></span>
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</p>
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<p>
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For more information and a list of available commands and
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options, see the <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> man
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page.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">host</strong></span></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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The <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> utility emphasizes
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simplicity
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and ease of use. By default, it converts
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between host names and Internet addresses, but its
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functionality
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can be extended with the use of options.
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</p>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">host</code> [-aCdlnrsTwv] [-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>] [-N <em class="replaceable"><code>ndots</code></em>] [-t <em class="replaceable"><code>type</code></em>] [-W <em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em>] [-R <em class="replaceable"><code>retries</code></em>] [-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em>] [-4] [-6] <em class="replaceable"><code>hostname</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em>]</p></div>
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<p>
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For more information and a list of available commands and
|
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options, see the <span><strong class="command">host</strong></span> man
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page.
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</p>
|
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p><span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span>
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has two modes: interactive and
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non-interactive. Interactive mode allows the user to
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query name servers for information about various
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hosts and domains or to print a list of hosts in a
|
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domain. Non-interactive mode is used to print just
|
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the name and requested information for a host or
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domain.
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</p>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">nslookup</code> [-option...] [[<em class="replaceable"><code>host-to-find</code></em>] | [- [server]]]</p></div>
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<p>
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Interactive mode is entered when no arguments are given (the
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default name server will be used) or when the first argument
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is a
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hyphen (`-') and the second argument is the host name or
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Internet address
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of a name server.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
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Non-interactive mode is used when the name or Internet
|
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address
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of the host to be looked up is given as the first argument.
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The
|
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optional second argument specifies the host name or address
|
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of a name server.
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||
</p>
|
||
<p>
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Due to its arcane user interface and frequently inconsistent
|
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behavior, we do not recommend the use of <span><strong class="command">nslookup</strong></span>.
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Use <span><strong class="command">dig</strong></span> instead.
|
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</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sect3" lang="en">
|
||
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
|
||
<a name="admin_tools"></a>Administrative Tools</h4></div></div></div>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Administrative tools play an integral part in the management
|
||
of a server.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<a name="named-checkconf"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-checkconf</strong></span></span>
|
||
</dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The <span><strong class="command">named-checkconf</strong></span> program
|
||
checks the syntax of a <code class="filename">named.conf</code> file.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-checkconf</code> [-jvz] [-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>] [<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>]</p></div>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<a name="named-checkzone"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span></span>
|
||
</dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone</strong></span> program
|
||
checks a master file for
|
||
syntax and consistency.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named-checkzone</code> [-djqvD] [-c <em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>] [-o <em class="replaceable"><code>output</code></em>] [-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>] [-w <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em>] [-k <em class="replaceable"><code>(ignore|warn|fail)</code></em>] [-n <em class="replaceable"><code>(ignore|warn|fail)</code></em>] [-W <em class="replaceable"><code>(ignore|warn)</code></em>] <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em>]</p></div>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<a name="named-compilezone"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">named-compilezone</strong></span></span>
|
||
</dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Similar to <span><strong class="command">named-checkzone,</strong></span> but
|
||
it always dumps the zone content to a specified file
|
||
(typically in a different format).
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt>
|
||
<a name="rndc"></a><span class="term"><span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span></span>
|
||
</dt>
|
||
<dd>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The remote name daemon control
|
||
(<span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>) program allows the
|
||
system
|
||
administrator to control the operation of a name server.
|
||
Since <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> 9.2, <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span>
|
||
supports all the commands of the BIND 8 <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span>
|
||
utility except <span><strong class="command">ndc start</strong></span> and
|
||
<span><strong class="command">ndc restart</strong></span>, which were also
|
||
not supported in <span><strong class="command">ndc</strong></span>'s
|
||
channel mode.
|
||
If you run <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> without any
|
||
options
|
||
it will display a usage message as follows:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">rndc</code> [-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config</code></em>] [-s <em class="replaceable"><code>server</code></em>] [-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>] [-y <em class="replaceable"><code>key</code></em>] <em class="replaceable"><code>command</code></em> [<em class="replaceable"><code>command</code></em>...]</p></div>
|
||
<p>The <span><strong class="command">command</strong></span>
|
||
is one of the following:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="variablelist"><dl>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reload</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Reload configuration file and zones.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reload <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Reload the given zone.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>refresh <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Schedule zone maintenance for the given zone.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>retransfer <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
|
||
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Retransfer the given zone from the master.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>freeze
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Suspend updates to a dynamic zone. If no zone is
|
||
specified,
|
||
then all zones are suspended. This allows manual
|
||
edits to be made to a zone normally updated by dynamic
|
||
update. It
|
||
also causes changes in the journal file to be synced
|
||
into the master
|
||
and the journal file to be removed. All dynamic
|
||
update attempts will
|
||
be refused while the zone is frozen.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>thaw
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Enable updates to a frozen dynamic zone. If no zone
|
||
is
|
||
specified, then all frozen zones are enabled. This
|
||
causes
|
||
the server to reload the zone from disk, and
|
||
re-enables dynamic updates
|
||
after the load has completed. After a zone is thawed,
|
||
dynamic updates
|
||
will no longer be refused.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>notify <em class="replaceable"><code>zone</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>class</code></em>
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view</code></em></span>]</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Resend NOTIFY messages for the zone.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>reconfig</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Reload the configuration file and load new zones,
|
||
but do not reload existing zone files even if they
|
||
have changed.
|
||
This is faster than a full <span><strong class="command">reload</strong></span> when there
|
||
is a large number of zones because it avoids the need
|
||
to examine the
|
||
modification times of the zones files.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>stats</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Write server statistics to the statistics file.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>querylog</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Toggle query logging. Query logging can also be enabled
|
||
by explicitly directing the <span><strong class="command">queries</strong></span>
|
||
<span><strong class="command">category</strong></span> to a
|
||
<span><strong class="command">channel</strong></span> in the
|
||
<span><strong class="command">logging</strong></span> section of
|
||
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> or by specifying
|
||
<span><strong class="command">querylog yes;</strong></span> in the
|
||
<span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> section of
|
||
<code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>dumpdb
|
||
[<span class="optional">-all|-cache|-zone</span>]
|
||
[<span class="optional"><em class="replaceable"><code>view ...</code></em></span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Dump the server's caches (default) and/or zones to
|
||
the
|
||
dump file for the specified views. If no view is
|
||
specified, all
|
||
views are dumped.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>stop [<span class="optional">-p</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Stop the server, making sure any recent changes
|
||
made through dynamic update or IXFR are first saved to
|
||
the master files of the updated zones.
|
||
If -p is specified named's process id is returned.
|
||
This allows an external process to determine when named
|
||
had completed stopping.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>halt [<span class="optional">-p</span>]</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Stop the server immediately. Recent changes
|
||
made through dynamic update or IXFR are not saved to
|
||
the master files, but will be rolled forward from the
|
||
journal files when the server is restarted.
|
||
If -p is specified named's process id is returned.
|
||
This allows an external process to determine when named
|
||
had completed halting.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>trace</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Increment the servers debugging level by one.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>trace <em class="replaceable"><code>level</code></em></code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Sets the server's debugging level to an explicit
|
||
value.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>notrace</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Sets the server's debugging level to 0.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>flush</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Flushes the server's cache.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>flushname</code></strong> <em class="replaceable"><code>name</code></em></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Flushes the given name from the server's cache.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>status</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Display status of the server.
|
||
Note that the number of zones includes the internal <span><strong class="command">bind/CH</strong></span> zone
|
||
and the default <span><strong class="command">./IN</strong></span>
|
||
hint zone if there is not an
|
||
explicit root zone configured.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
<dt><span class="term"><strong class="userinput"><code>recursing</code></strong></span></dt>
|
||
<dd><p>
|
||
Dump the list of queries named is currently recursing
|
||
on.
|
||
</p></dd>
|
||
</dl></div>
|
||
<p>
|
||
A configuration file is required, since all
|
||
communication with the server is authenticated with
|
||
digital signatures that rely on a shared secret, and
|
||
there is no way to provide that secret other than with a
|
||
configuration file. The default location for the
|
||
<span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> configuration file is
|
||
<code class="filename">/etc/rndc.conf</code>, but an
|
||
alternate
|
||
location can be specified with the <code class="option">-c</code>
|
||
option. If the configuration file is not found,
|
||
<span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> will also look in
|
||
<code class="filename">/etc/rndc.key</code> (or whatever
|
||
<code class="varname">sysconfdir</code> was defined when
|
||
the <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> build was
|
||
configured).
|
||
The <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file is
|
||
generated by
|
||
running <span><strong class="command">rndc-confgen -a</strong></span> as
|
||
described in
|
||
<a href="Bv9ARM.ch06.html#controls_statement_definition_and_usage" title="controls Statement Definition and
|
||
Usage">the section called “<span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span> Statement Definition and
|
||
Usage”</a>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The format of the configuration file is similar to
|
||
that of <code class="filename">named.conf</code>, but
|
||
limited to
|
||
only four statements, the <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span>,
|
||
<span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> and
|
||
<span><strong class="command">include</strong></span>
|
||
statements. These statements are what associate the
|
||
secret keys to the servers with which they are meant to
|
||
be shared. The order of statements is not
|
||
significant.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The <span><strong class="command">options</strong></span> statement has
|
||
three clauses:
|
||
<span><strong class="command">default-server</strong></span>, <span><strong class="command">default-key</strong></span>,
|
||
and <span><strong class="command">default-port</strong></span>.
|
||
<span><strong class="command">default-server</strong></span> takes a
|
||
host name or address argument and represents the server
|
||
that will
|
||
be contacted if no <code class="option">-s</code>
|
||
option is provided on the command line.
|
||
<span><strong class="command">default-key</strong></span> takes
|
||
the name of a key as its argument, as defined by a <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement.
|
||
<span><strong class="command">default-port</strong></span> specifies the
|
||
port to which
|
||
<span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should connect if no
|
||
port is given on the command line or in a
|
||
<span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement defines a
|
||
key to be used
|
||
by <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> when authenticating
|
||
with
|
||
<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>. Its syntax is
|
||
identical to the
|
||
<span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement in named.conf.
|
||
The keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>key</code></strong> is
|
||
followed by a key name, which must be a valid
|
||
domain name, though it need not actually be hierarchical;
|
||
thus,
|
||
a string like "<strong class="userinput"><code>rndc_key</code></strong>" is a valid
|
||
name.
|
||
The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> statement has two
|
||
clauses:
|
||
<span><strong class="command">algorithm</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">secret</strong></span>.
|
||
While the configuration parser will accept any string as the
|
||
argument
|
||
to algorithm, currently only the string "<strong class="userinput"><code>hmac-md5</code></strong>"
|
||
has any meaning. The secret is a base-64 encoded string
|
||
as specified in RFC 3548.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement
|
||
associates a key
|
||
defined using the <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span>
|
||
statement with a server.
|
||
The keyword <strong class="userinput"><code>server</code></strong> is followed by a
|
||
host name or address. The <span><strong class="command">server</strong></span> statement
|
||
has two clauses: <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> and <span><strong class="command">port</strong></span>.
|
||
The <span><strong class="command">key</strong></span> clause specifies the
|
||
name of the key
|
||
to be used when communicating with this server, and the
|
||
<span><strong class="command">port</strong></span> clause can be used to
|
||
specify the port <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should
|
||
connect
|
||
to on the server.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
A sample minimal configuration file is as follows:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<pre class="programlisting">
|
||
key rndc_key {
|
||
algorithm "hmac-md5";
|
||
secret "c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K";
|
||
};
|
||
options {
|
||
default-server 127.0.0.1;
|
||
default-key rndc_key;
|
||
};
|
||
</pre>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This file, if installed as <code class="filename">/etc/rndc.conf</code>,
|
||
would allow the command:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
<code class="prompt">$ </code><strong class="userinput"><code>rndc reload</code></strong>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 953 and cause the name server
|
||
to reload, if a name server on the local machine were
|
||
running with
|
||
following controls statements:
|
||
</p>
|
||
<pre class="programlisting">
|
||
controls {
|
||
inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndc_key; };
|
||
};
|
||
</pre>
|
||
<p>
|
||
and it had an identical key statement for
|
||
<code class="literal">rndc_key</code>.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Running the <span><strong class="command">rndc-confgen</strong></span>
|
||
program will
|
||
conveniently create a <code class="filename">rndc.conf</code>
|
||
file for you, and also display the
|
||
corresponding <span><strong class="command">controls</strong></span>
|
||
statement that you need to
|
||
add to <code class="filename">named.conf</code>.
|
||
Alternatively,
|
||
you can run <span><strong class="command">rndc-confgen -a</strong></span>
|
||
to set up
|
||
a <code class="filename">rndc.key</code> file and not
|
||
modify
|
||
<code class="filename">named.conf</code> at all.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</dd>
|
||
</dl></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
|
||
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
|
||
<a name="id2570142"></a>Signals</h3></div></div></div>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Certain UNIX signals cause the name server to take specific
|
||
actions, as described in the following table. These signals can
|
||
be sent using the <span><strong class="command">kill</strong></span> command.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col>
|
||
<col>
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><span><strong class="command">SIGHUP</strong></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Causes the server to read <code class="filename">named.conf</code> and
|
||
reload the database.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><span><strong class="command">SIGTERM</strong></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Causes the server to clean up and exit.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p><span><strong class="command">SIGINT</strong></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<p>
|
||
Causes the server to clean up and exit.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="navfooter">
|
||
<hr>
|
||
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="40%" align="left">
|
||
<a accesskey="p" href="Bv9ARM.ch02.html">Prev</a> </td>
|
||
<td width="20%" align="center"> </td>
|
||
<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="Bv9ARM.ch04.html">Next</a>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 2. <acronym class="acronym">BIND</acronym> Resource Requirements </td>
|
||
<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
|
||
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 4. Advanced DNS Features</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|