0083eef31c
The RFC for this finally got published and, therefore, now has a number. This patch puts this RFC number in the man page. This is a content change. MFC after: 1 week
689 lines
21 KiB
Groff
689 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)mount_nfs.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 3/29/95
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd September 24, 2022
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.Dt MOUNT_NFS 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm mount_nfs
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.Nd mount NFS file systems
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl 23bcdiLlNPsTU
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.Op Fl a Ar maxreadahead
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.Op Fl D Ar deadthresh
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.Op Fl g Ar maxgroups
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.Op Fl I Ar readdirsize
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.Op Fl o Ar options
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.Op Fl R Ar retrycnt
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.Op Fl r Ar readsize
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.Op Fl t Ar timeout
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.Op Fl w Ar writesize
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.Op Fl x Ar retrans
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.Ar rhost : Ns Ar path node
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility calls the
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.Xr nmount 2
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system call to prepare and graft a remote NFS file system
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.Pq Ar rhost : Ns Ar path
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on to the file system tree at the point
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.Ar node .
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This command is normally executed by
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.Xr mount 8 .
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For NFSv2 and NFSv3,
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it implements the mount protocol as described in RFC 1094, Appendix A and
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RFC 1813, Appendix I.
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For NFSv4, it uses the NFSv4 protocol as described in RFC 7530, RFC 5661 and
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RFC 7862.
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.Pp
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By default,
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.Nm
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keeps retrying until the mount succeeds.
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This behaviour is intended for file systems listed in
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.Xr fstab 5
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that are critical to the boot process.
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For non-critical file systems, the
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.Cm bg
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and
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.Cm retrycnt
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options provide mechanisms to prevent the boot process from hanging
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if the server is unavailable.
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.Pp
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If the server becomes unresponsive while an NFS file system is
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mounted, any new or outstanding file operations on that file system
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will hang uninterruptibly until the server comes back.
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To modify this default behaviour, see the
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.Cm intr
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and
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.Cm soft
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options.
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.Pp
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The options are:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl o
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Options are specified with a
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.Fl o
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flag followed by a comma separated string of options.
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See the
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.Xr mount 8
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man page for possible options and their meanings.
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The following NFS specific options are also available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Cm acregmin Ns = Ns Aq Ar seconds
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.It Cm acregmax Ns = Ns Aq Ar seconds
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.It Cm acdirmin Ns = Ns Aq Ar seconds
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.It Cm acdirmax Ns = Ns Aq Ar seconds
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When attributes of files are cached, a timeout calculated to determine
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whether a given cache entry has expired.
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These four values determine the upper and lower bounds of the timeouts for
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.Dq directory
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attributes and
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.Dq regular
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(ie: everything else).
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The default values are 3 -> 60 seconds
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for regular files, and 30 -> 60 seconds for directories.
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The algorithm to calculate the timeout is based on the age of the file.
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The older the file,
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the longer the cache is considered valid, subject to the limits above.
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.It Cm actimeo Ns = Ns Aq Ar seconds
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Set four cache timeouts above to specified value.
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.It Cm allgssname
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This option can be used along with
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.Fl o Cm gssname
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to specify that all operations should use the host-based initiator
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credential.
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This may be used for clients that run system daemons that need to
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access files on the NFSv4 mounted volume.
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.It Cm bg
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If an initial attempt to contact the server fails, fork off a child to keep
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trying the mount in the background.
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Useful for
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.Xr fstab 5 ,
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where the file system mount is not critical to multiuser operation.
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.It Cm bgnow
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Like
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.Cm bg ,
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fork off a child to keep trying the mount in the background,
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but do not attempt to mount in the foreground first.
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This eliminates a
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60+ second timeout when the server is not responding.
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Useful for speeding up the boot process of a client when the server is
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likely to be unavailable.
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This is often the case for interdependent servers
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such as cross-mounted servers (each of two servers is an NFS client of
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the other) and for cluster nodes that must boot before the file servers.
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.It Cm deadthresh Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Set the
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.Dq "dead server threshold"
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to the specified number of round trip timeout intervals before a
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.Dq "server not responding"
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message is displayed.
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.It Cm dumbtimer
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Turn off the dynamic retransmit timeout estimator.
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This may be useful for UDP mounts that exhibit high retry rates,
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since it is possible that the dynamically estimated timeout interval is too
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short.
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.It Cm fg
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Same as not specifying
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.Cm bg .
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.It Cm gssname Ns = Ns Aq Ar service-principal-name
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This option can be used with the KerberosV security flavors for NFSv4 mounts
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to specify the
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.Dq "service-principal-name"
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of a host-based entry in the default
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keytab file that is used for system operations.
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It allows the mount to be performed by
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.Dq "root"
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and avoids problems with
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cached credentials for the system operations expiring.
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The
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.Dq "service-prinicpal-name"
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should be specified without instance or domain and is typically
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.Dq "host" ,
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.Dq "nfs"
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or
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.Dq "root" ,
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although the form
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.Sm off
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.Aq Ar service
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@
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.Aq Ar fqdn
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.Sm on
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can also be used if the local system's
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.Xr gethostname 3
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value does not match the host-based principal in the keytab.
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.It Cm hard
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Same as not specifying
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.Cm soft .
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.It Cm intr
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Make the mount interruptible, which implies that file system calls that
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are delayed due to an unresponsive server will fail with EINTR when a
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termination signal is posted for the process.
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To avoid leaving file locks in an indeterminate state on the NFS
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server, it is recommended that the
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.Cm nolockd
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option be used with this option.
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.It Cm maxgroups Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Set the maximum size of the group list for the credentials to the
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specified value.
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This should be used for mounts on old servers that cannot handle a
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group list size of 16, as specified in RFC 1057.
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Try 8, if users in a lot of groups cannot get response from the mount
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point.
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.It Cm mntudp
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Force the mount protocol to use UDP transport, even for TCP NFS mounts.
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(Necessary for some old
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.Bx
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servers.)
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.It Cm nametimeo Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Override the default of NFS_DEFAULT_NAMETIMEO for the timeout (in seconds)
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for positive name cache entries.
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If this is set to 0 it disables positive name caching for the mount point.
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.It Cm negnametimeo Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Override the default of NFS_DEFAULT_NEGNAMETIMEO for the timeout (in seconds)
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for negative name cache entries.
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If this is set to 0 it disables negative name caching for the mount point.
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.It Cm nconnect Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Specify the number of TCP connections (1-16) to be used
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for an NFS Version 4, minor version 1 or 2 mount.
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Multiple TCP connections can provide more client to server network
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bandwidth for certain network configurations such as:
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.Bd -literal
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- Multiple network interfaces that are aggregated together.
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- A fast network interface that uses multiple queues.
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.Ed
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.sp
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The first TCP connection will be used for all RPCs that consist
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entirely of small RPC messages.
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The RPCs that can have large RPC messages (Read/Readdir/Write) are
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distributed over the additional TCP connections in a round robin
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fashion.
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This option will result in more IP port#s being used.
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This option requires the
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.Cm nfsv4
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option.
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.It Cm nfsv2
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Use the NFS Version 2 protocol (the default is to try version 3 first
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then version 2).
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Note that NFS version 2 has a file size limit of 2 gigabytes.
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.It Cm nfsv3
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Use the NFS Version 3 protocol.
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.It Cm nfsv4
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Use the NFS Version 4 protocol.
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This option will force the mount to use
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TCP transport.
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By default, the highest minor version of NFS Version 4 that is
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supported by the NFS Version 4 server will be used.
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See the
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.Cm minorversion
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option.
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Make sure that all your NFS Version 4 clients have unique
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values in
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.Pa /etc/hostid .
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.It Cm minorversion Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Use the specified minor version for a NFS Version 4 mount,
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overriding the default.
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The minor versions supported are 0, 1, and 2.
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This option is only meaningful when used with the
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.Cm nfsv4
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option.
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.It Cm oneopenown
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Make a minor version 1 or 2 of the NFS Version 4 protocol mount use a single
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OpenOwner for all Opens.
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This may be useful for a server with a very low limit on OpenOwners, such as
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AmazonEFS.
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It may be required when an accumulation of NFS version 4 Opens occurs,
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as indicated by the
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.Dq Opens
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count displayed by
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.Xr nfsstat 1
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with the
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.Fl c
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and
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.Fl E
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command-line options.
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A common case for an accumulation of Opens is a shared library within
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the NFS mount that is used by several
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processes, where at least one of these processes is always running.
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This option cannot be used for an NFS Version 4, minor version 0 mount.
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It may not work correctly when Delegations are being issued by a server,
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but note that the AmazonEFS server does not issued delegations at this time.
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This option is only meaningful when used with the
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.Cm nfsv4
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option.
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.It Cm pnfs
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Enable support for parallel NFS (pNFS) for minor version 1 or 2 of the
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NFS Version 4 protocol.
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This option is only meaningful when used with the
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.Cm nfsv4
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option.
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.It Cm noac
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Disable attribute caching.
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.It Cm noconn
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For UDP mount points, do not do a
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.Xr connect 2 .
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This must be used if the server does not reply to requests from the standard
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NFS port number 2049 or replies to requests using a different IP address
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(which can occur if the server is multi-homed).
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Setting the
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.Va vfs.nfs.nfs_ip_paranoia
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sysctl to 0 will make this option the default.
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.It Cm nocto
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Normally, NFS clients maintain the close-to-open cache coherency.
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This works by flushing at close time and checking at open time.
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Checking at open time is implemented by getting attributes from
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the server and purging the data cache if they do not match
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attributes cached by the client.
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.Pp
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This option disables checking at open time.
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It may improve performance for read-only mounts,
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but should only be used if the data on the server changes rarely.
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Be sure to understand the consequences before enabling this option.
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.It Cm noinet4 , noinet6
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Disables
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.Dv AF_INET
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or
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.Dv AF_INET6
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connections.
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Useful for hosts that have
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both an A record and an AAAA record for the same name.
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.It Cm nolockd
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Do
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.Em not
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forward
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.Xr fcntl 2
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locks over the wire via the NLM protocol for NFSv3 mounts
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or via the NFSv4 protocol for NFSv4 mounts.
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All locks will be local and not seen by the server
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and likewise not seen by other NFS clients for NFSv3 or NFSv4 mounts.
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This removes the need to run the
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.Xr rpcbind 8
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service and the
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.Xr rpc.statd 8
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and
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.Xr rpc.lockd 8
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servers on the client for NFSv3 mounts.
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Note that this option will only be honored when performing the
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initial mount, it will be silently ignored if used while updating
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the mount options.
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Also, note that NFSv4 mounts do not use these daemons.
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The NFSv4 protocol handles locks,
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unless this option is specified.
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.It Cm noncontigwr
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This mount option allows the NFS client to
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combine non-contiguous byte ranges being written
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such that the dirty byte range becomes a superset of the bytes
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that are dirty.
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This reduces the number of writes significantly for software
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builds.
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The merging of byte ranges is not done if the file has been file
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locked, since most applications modifying a file from multiple
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clients will use file locking.
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As such, this option could result in a corrupted file for the
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rare case of an application modifying the file from multiple
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clients concurrently without using file locking.
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.It Cm principal
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For the RPCSEC_GSS security flavors, such as krb5, krb5i and krb5p,
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this option sets the name of the host based principal name expected
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by the server.
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This option overrides the default, which will be ``nfs@<server-fqdn>''
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and should normally be sufficient.
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.It Cm noresvport
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Do
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.Em not
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use a reserved socket port number (see below).
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.It Cm port Ns = Ns Aq Ar port_number
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Use specified port number for NFS requests.
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The default is to query the portmapper for the NFS port.
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.It Cm proto Ns = Ns Aq Ar protocol
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Specify transport protocol version to use.
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Currently, they are:
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.Bd -literal
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udp - Use UDP over IPv4
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tcp - Use TCP over IPv4
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udp6 - Use UDP over IPv6
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tcp6 - Use TCP over IPv6
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.Ed
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.It Cm rdirplus
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Used with NFSV3 to specify that the \fBReaddirPlus\fR RPC should
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be used.
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For NFSV4, setting this option has a similar effect, in that it will make
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the Readdir Operation get more attributes.
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This option reduces RPC traffic for cases such as
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.Dq "ls -l" ,
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but tends to flood the attribute and name caches with prefetched entries.
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Try this option and see whether performance improves or degrades.
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Probably
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most useful for client to server network interconnects with a large bandwidth
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times delay product.
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.It Cm readahead Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Set the read-ahead count to the specified value.
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This may be in the range of 0 - 4, and determines how many blocks
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will be read ahead when a large file is being read sequentially.
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Trying a value greater than 1 for this is suggested for
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mounts with a large bandwidth * delay product.
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.It Cm readdirsize Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Set the readdir read size to the specified value.
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The value should normally
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be a multiple of
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.Dv DIRBLKSIZ
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that is <= the read size for the mount.
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.It Cm resvport
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Use a reserved socket port number.
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This flag is obsolete, and only retained for compatibility reasons.
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Reserved port numbers are used by default now.
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(For the rare case where the client has a trusted root account
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but untrustworthy users and the network cables are in secure areas this does
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help, but for normal desktop clients this does not apply.)
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.It Cm retrans Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Set the retransmit timeout count for soft mounts to the specified value.
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.It Cm retrycnt Ns = Ns Aq Ar count
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Set the mount retry count to the specified value.
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The default is a retry count of zero, which means to keep retrying
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forever.
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There is a 60 second delay between each attempt.
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.It Cm rsize Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Set the read data size to the specified value.
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It should normally be a power of 2 greater than or equal to 1024.
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This should be used for UDP mounts when the
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.Dq "fragments dropped due to timeout"
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value is getting large while actively using a mount point.
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(Use
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.Xr netstat 1
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with the
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.Fl s
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option to see what the
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.Dq "fragments dropped due to timeout"
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value is.)
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.It Cm sec Ns = Ns Aq Ar flavor
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This option specifies what security flavor should be used for the mount.
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Currently, they are:
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.Bd -literal
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krb5 - Use KerberosV authentication
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krb5i - Use KerberosV authentication and
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apply integrity checksums to RPCs
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krb5p - Use KerberosV authentication and
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encrypt the RPC data
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sys - The default AUTH_SYS, which uses a
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uid + gid list authenticator
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.Ed
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.It Cm soft
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A soft mount, which implies that file system calls will fail
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after
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.Ar retrycnt
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round trip timeout intervals.
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.It Cm tcp
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Use TCP transport.
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|
This is the default option, as it provides for increased reliability on both
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LAN and WAN configurations compared to UDP.
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Some old NFS servers do not support this method; UDP mounts may be required
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for interoperability.
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.It Cm timeout Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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Set the initial retransmit timeout to the specified value,
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expressed in tenths of a second.
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May be useful for fine tuning UDP mounts over internetworks
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with high packet loss rates or an overloaded server.
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Try increasing the interval if
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.Xr nfsstat 1
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|
shows high retransmit rates while the file system is active or reducing the
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value if there is a low retransmit rate but long response delay observed.
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(Normally, the
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.Cm dumbtimer
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|
option should be specified when using this option to manually
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tune the timeout
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interval.)
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.It Cm timeo Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
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|
Alias for
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.Cm timeout .
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.It Cm tls
|
|
This option specifies that the connection to the server must use TLS
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per RFC 9289.
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TLS is only supported for TCP connections and the
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.Xr rpc.tlsclntd 8
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|
daemon must be running for an NFS over TCP connection to use TLS.
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.It Cm tlscertname Ns = Ns Aq Ar name
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|
This option specifies the name of an alternate certificate to be
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presented to the NFS server during TLS handshake.
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|
The default certificate file names are
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.Dq cert.pem
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and
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.Dq certkey.pem .
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When this option is specified,
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|
.Ar name
|
|
replaces
|
|
.Dq cert
|
|
in the above file names.
|
|
For example, if the value of
|
|
.Ar name
|
|
is specified as
|
|
.Dq other
|
|
the certificate file names to be used will be
|
|
.Dq other.pem
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq otherkey.pem .
|
|
These files are stored in
|
|
.Pa /etc/rpc.tlsclntd
|
|
by default.
|
|
This option is only meaningful when used with the
|
|
.Cm tls
|
|
option and the
|
|
.Xr rpc.tlsclntd 8
|
|
is running with the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
command line flag set.
|
|
.It Cm udp
|
|
Use UDP transport.
|
|
.It Cm vers Ns = Ns Aq Ar vers_number
|
|
Use the specified version number for NFS requests.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Cm nfsv2 ,
|
|
.Cm nfsv3 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm nfsv4
|
|
options for details.
|
|
.It Cm wcommitsize Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
|
|
Set the maximum pending write commit size to the specified value.
|
|
This determines the maximum amount of pending write data that the NFS
|
|
client is willing to cache for each file.
|
|
.It Cm wsize Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
|
|
Set the write data size to the specified value.
|
|
Ditto the comments w.r.t.\& the
|
|
.Cm rsize
|
|
option, but using the
|
|
.Dq "fragments dropped due to timeout"
|
|
value on the server instead of the client.
|
|
Note that both the
|
|
.Cm rsize
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm wsize
|
|
options should only be used as a last ditch effort at improving performance
|
|
when mounting servers that do not support TCP mounts.
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
|
|
The following command line flags are equivalent to
|
|
.Fl o
|
|
named options and are supported for compatibility with older
|
|
installations.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Fl 2
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm nfsv2
|
|
.It Fl 3
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm nfsv3
|
|
.It Fl D
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm deadthresh
|
|
.It Fl I
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm readdirsize Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
|
|
.It Fl L
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm nolockd
|
|
.It Fl N
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm noresvport
|
|
.It Fl P
|
|
Use a reserved socket port number.
|
|
This flag is obsolete, and only retained for compatibility reasons.
|
|
(For the rare case where the client has a trusted root account
|
|
but untrustworthy users and the network cables are in secure areas this does
|
|
help, but for normal desktop clients this does not apply.)
|
|
.It Fl R
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm retrycnt Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
|
|
.It Fl T
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm tcp
|
|
.It Fl U
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm mntudp
|
|
.It Fl a
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm readahead Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
|
|
.It Fl b
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm bg
|
|
.It Fl c
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm noconn
|
|
.It Fl d
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm dumbtimer
|
|
.It Fl g
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm maxgroups
|
|
.It Fl i
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm intr
|
|
.It Fl l
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm rdirplus
|
|
.It Fl r
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm rsize Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
|
|
.It Fl s
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm soft
|
|
.It Fl t
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm retransmit Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
|
|
.It Fl w
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm wsize Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
|
|
.It Fl x
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm retrans Ns = Ns Aq Ar value
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following
|
|
.Fl o
|
|
named options are equivalent to other
|
|
.Fl o
|
|
named options and are supported for compatibility with other
|
|
operating systems (e.g., Linux, Solaris, and OSX) to ease usage of
|
|
.Xr autofs 5
|
|
support.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Fl o Cm vers Ns = Ns 2
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm nfsv2
|
|
.It Fl o Cm vers Ns = Ns 3
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm nfsv3
|
|
.It Fl o Cm vers Ns = Ns 4
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Fl o Cm nfsv4
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
|
|
When neither the
|
|
.Cm rsize
|
|
nor
|
|
.Cm wsize
|
|
options are specified, the I/O size will be set to the largest value
|
|
supported by both the NFS client and server.
|
|
The largest value supported by the NFS client is defined by
|
|
the tunable
|
|
.Cd vfs.maxbcachebuf
|
|
which can be set to a power of two up to
|
|
.Cd kern.maxphys .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr nfsstat 1
|
|
command with the
|
|
.Ic -m
|
|
command line option will show what
|
|
.Nm
|
|
option settings are actually in use for the mount.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr nfsstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr nmount 2 ,
|
|
.Xr unmount 2 ,
|
|
.Xr lagg 4 ,
|
|
.Xr nfsv4 4 ,
|
|
.Xr fstab 5 ,
|
|
.Xr gssd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr mount 8 ,
|
|
.Xr nfsd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr nfsiod 8 ,
|
|
.Xr rpc.tlsclntd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr showmount 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
A version of the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.4 .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Since NFSv4 performs open/lock operations that have their ordering strictly
|
|
enforced by the server, the options
|
|
.Cm intr
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm soft
|
|
cannot be safely used.
|
|
For NFSv4 minor version 1 or 2 mounts, the ordering is done
|
|
via session slots and the NFSv4 client now handles broken session slots
|
|
fairly well.
|
|
As such, if the
|
|
.Cm nolockd
|
|
option is used along with
|
|
.Cm intr
|
|
and/or
|
|
.Cm soft ,
|
|
an NFSv4 minor version 1 or 2 mount
|
|
should work fairly well, although still not completely correctly.
|
|
For NFSv4 minor version 0 mounts,
|
|
.Cm hard
|
|
mounts without the
|
|
.Cm intr
|
|
mount option is strongly recommended.
|