419 lines
12 KiB
Perl
419 lines
12 KiB
Perl
package CGI::Cookie;
|
|
|
|
# See the bottom of this file for the POD documentation. Search for the
|
|
# string '=head'.
|
|
|
|
# You can run this file through either pod2man or pod2html to produce pretty
|
|
# documentation in manual or html file format (these utilities are part of the
|
|
# Perl 5 distribution).
|
|
|
|
# Copyright 1995-1999, Lincoln D. Stein. All rights reserved.
|
|
# It may be used and modified freely, but I do request that this copyright
|
|
# notice remain attached to the file. You may modify this module as you
|
|
# wish, but if you redistribute a modified version, please attach a note
|
|
# listing the modifications you have made.
|
|
|
|
$CGI::Cookie::VERSION='1.12';
|
|
|
|
use CGI qw(-no_debug);
|
|
use overload '""' => \&as_string,
|
|
'cmp' => \&compare,
|
|
'fallback'=>1;
|
|
|
|
# fetch a list of cookies from the environment and
|
|
# return as a hash. the cookies are parsed as normal
|
|
# escaped URL data.
|
|
sub fetch {
|
|
my $class = shift;
|
|
my $raw_cookie = $ENV{HTTP_COOKIE} || $ENV{COOKIE};
|
|
return () unless $raw_cookie;
|
|
return $class->parse($raw_cookie);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# fetch a list of cookies from the environment and
|
|
# return as a hash. the cookie values are not unescaped
|
|
# or altered in any way.
|
|
sub raw_fetch {
|
|
my $class = shift;
|
|
my $raw_cookie = $ENV{HTTP_COOKIE} || $ENV{COOKIE};
|
|
return () unless $raw_cookie;
|
|
my %results;
|
|
my($key,$value);
|
|
|
|
my(@pairs) = split("; ",$raw_cookie);
|
|
foreach (@pairs) {
|
|
if (/^([^=]+)=(.*)/) {
|
|
$key = $1;
|
|
$value = $2;
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
$key = $_;
|
|
$value = '';
|
|
}
|
|
$results{$key} = $value;
|
|
}
|
|
return \%results unless wantarray;
|
|
return %results;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub parse {
|
|
my ($self,$raw_cookie) = @_;
|
|
my %results;
|
|
|
|
my(@pairs) = split("; ",$raw_cookie);
|
|
foreach (@pairs) {
|
|
my($key,$value) = split("=");
|
|
my(@values) = map CGI::unescape($_),split('&',$value);
|
|
$key = CGI::unescape($key);
|
|
# A bug in Netscape can cause several cookies with same name to
|
|
# appear. The FIRST one in HTTP_COOKIE is the most recent version.
|
|
$results{$key} ||= $self->new(-name=>$key,-value=>\@values);
|
|
}
|
|
return \%results unless wantarray;
|
|
return %results;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub new {
|
|
my $class = shift;
|
|
$class = ref($class) if ref($class);
|
|
my($name,$value,$path,$domain,$secure,$expires) =
|
|
CGI->rearrange([NAME,[VALUE,VALUES],PATH,DOMAIN,SECURE,EXPIRES],@_);
|
|
|
|
# Pull out our parameters.
|
|
my @values;
|
|
if (ref($value)) {
|
|
if (ref($value) eq 'ARRAY') {
|
|
@values = @$value;
|
|
} elsif (ref($value) eq 'HASH') {
|
|
@values = %$value;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
@values = ($value);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
bless my $self = {
|
|
'name'=>$name,
|
|
'value'=>[@values],
|
|
},$class;
|
|
|
|
# IE requires the path and domain to be present for some reason.
|
|
$path = CGI::url(-absolute=>1) unless defined $path;
|
|
# however, this breaks networks which use host tables without fully qualified
|
|
# names, so we comment it out.
|
|
# $domain = CGI::virtual_host() unless defined $domain;
|
|
|
|
$self->path($path) if defined $path;
|
|
$self->domain($domain) if defined $domain;
|
|
$self->secure($secure) if defined $secure;
|
|
$self->expires($expires) if defined $expires;
|
|
return $self;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub as_string {
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
|
return "" unless $self->name;
|
|
|
|
my(@constant_values,$domain,$path,$expires,$secure);
|
|
|
|
push(@constant_values,"domain=$domain") if $domain = $self->domain;
|
|
push(@constant_values,"path=$path") if $path = $self->path;
|
|
push(@constant_values,"expires=$expires") if $expires = $self->expires;
|
|
push(@constant_values,'secure') if $secure = $self->secure;
|
|
|
|
my($key) = CGI::escape($self->name);
|
|
my($cookie) = join("=",$key,join("&",map CGI::escape($_),$self->value));
|
|
return join("; ",$cookie,@constant_values);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub compare {
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
|
my $value = shift;
|
|
return "$self" cmp $value;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# accessors
|
|
sub name {
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
|
my $name = shift;
|
|
$self->{'name'} = $name if defined $name;
|
|
return $self->{'name'};
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub value {
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
|
my $value = shift;
|
|
$self->{'value'} = $value if defined $value;
|
|
return wantarray ? @{$self->{'value'}} : $self->{'value'}->[0]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub domain {
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
|
my $domain = shift;
|
|
$self->{'domain'} = $domain if defined $domain;
|
|
return $self->{'domain'};
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub secure {
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
|
my $secure = shift;
|
|
$self->{'secure'} = $secure if defined $secure;
|
|
return $self->{'secure'};
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub expires {
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
|
my $expires = shift;
|
|
$self->{'expires'} = CGI::expires($expires,'cookie') if defined $expires;
|
|
return $self->{'expires'};
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub path {
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
|
my $path = shift;
|
|
$self->{'path'} = $path if defined $path;
|
|
return $self->{'path'};
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
1;
|
|
|
|
=head1 NAME
|
|
|
|
CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
|
|
|
|
=head1 SYNOPSIS
|
|
|
|
use CGI qw/:standard/;
|
|
use CGI::Cookie;
|
|
|
|
# Create new cookies and send them
|
|
$cookie1 = new CGI::Cookie(-name=>'ID',-value=>123456);
|
|
$cookie2 = new CGI::Cookie(-name=>'preferences',
|
|
-value=>{ font => Helvetica,
|
|
size => 12 }
|
|
);
|
|
print header(-cookie=>[$cookie1,$cookie2]);
|
|
|
|
# fetch existing cookies
|
|
%cookies = fetch CGI::Cookie;
|
|
$id = $cookies{'ID'}->value;
|
|
|
|
# create cookies returned from an external source
|
|
%cookies = parse CGI::Cookie($ENV{COOKIE});
|
|
|
|
=head1 DESCRIPTION
|
|
|
|
CGI::Cookie is an interface to Netscape (HTTP/1.1) cookies, an
|
|
innovation that allows Web servers to store persistent information on
|
|
the browser's side of the connection. Although CGI::Cookie is
|
|
intended to be used in conjunction with CGI.pm (and is in fact used by
|
|
it internally), you can use this module independently.
|
|
|
|
For full information on cookies see
|
|
|
|
http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/rfc2109.txt
|
|
|
|
=head1 USING CGI::Cookie
|
|
|
|
CGI::Cookie is object oriented. Each cookie object has a name and a
|
|
value. The name is any scalar value. The value is any scalar or
|
|
array value (associative arrays are also allowed). Cookies also have
|
|
several optional attributes, including:
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<1. expiration date>
|
|
|
|
The expiration date tells the browser how long to hang on to the
|
|
cookie. If the cookie specifies an expiration date in the future, the
|
|
browser will store the cookie information in a disk file and return it
|
|
to the server every time the user reconnects (until the expiration
|
|
date is reached). If the cookie species an expiration date in the
|
|
past, the browser will remove the cookie from the disk file. If the
|
|
expiration date is not specified, the cookie will persist only until
|
|
the user quits the browser.
|
|
|
|
=item B<2. domain>
|
|
|
|
This is a partial or complete domain name for which the cookie is
|
|
valid. The browser will return the cookie to any host that matches
|
|
the partial domain name. For example, if you specify a domain name
|
|
of ".capricorn.com", then Netscape will return the cookie to
|
|
Web servers running on any of the machines "www.capricorn.com",
|
|
"ftp.capricorn.com", "feckless.capricorn.com", etc. Domain names
|
|
must contain at least two periods to prevent attempts to match
|
|
on top level domains like ".edu". If no domain is specified, then
|
|
the browser will only return the cookie to servers on the host the
|
|
cookie originated from.
|
|
|
|
=item B<3. path>
|
|
|
|
If you provide a cookie path attribute, the browser will check it
|
|
against your script's URL before returning the cookie. For example,
|
|
if you specify the path "/cgi-bin", then the cookie will be returned
|
|
to each of the scripts "/cgi-bin/tally.pl", "/cgi-bin/order.pl", and
|
|
"/cgi-bin/customer_service/complain.pl", but not to the script
|
|
"/cgi-private/site_admin.pl". By default, the path is set to your
|
|
script, so that only it will receive the cookie.
|
|
|
|
=item B<4. secure flag>
|
|
|
|
If the "secure" attribute is set, the cookie will only be sent to your
|
|
script if the CGI request is occurring on a secure channel, such as SSL.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 Creating New Cookies
|
|
|
|
$c = new CGI::Cookie(-name => 'foo',
|
|
-value => 'bar',
|
|
-expires => '+3M',
|
|
-domain => '.capricorn.com',
|
|
-path => '/cgi-bin/database'
|
|
-secure => 1
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
Create cookies from scratch with the B<new> method. The B<-name> and
|
|
B<-value> parameters are required. The name must be a scalar value.
|
|
The value can be a scalar, an array reference, or a hash reference.
|
|
(At some point in the future cookies will support one of the Perl
|
|
object serialization protocols for full generality).
|
|
|
|
B<-expires> accepts any of the relative or absolute date formats
|
|
recognized by CGI.pm, for example "+3M" for three months in the
|
|
future. See CGI.pm's documentation for details.
|
|
|
|
B<-domain> points to a domain name or to a fully qualified host name.
|
|
If not specified, the cookie will be returned only to the Web server
|
|
that created it.
|
|
|
|
B<-path> points to a partial URL on the current server. The cookie
|
|
will be returned to all URLs beginning with the specified path. If
|
|
not specified, it defaults to '/', which returns the cookie to all
|
|
pages at your site.
|
|
|
|
B<-secure> if set to a true value instructs the browser to return the
|
|
cookie only when a cryptographic protocol is in use.
|
|
|
|
=head2 Sending the Cookie to the Browser
|
|
|
|
Within a CGI script you can send a cookie to the browser by creating
|
|
one or more Set-Cookie: fields in the HTTP header. Here is a typical
|
|
sequence:
|
|
|
|
my $c = new CGI::Cookie(-name => 'foo',
|
|
-value => ['bar','baz'],
|
|
-expires => '+3M');
|
|
|
|
print "Set-Cookie: $c\n";
|
|
print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";
|
|
|
|
To send more than one cookie, create several Set-Cookie: fields.
|
|
Alternatively, you may concatenate the cookies together with "; " and
|
|
send them in one field.
|
|
|
|
If you are using CGI.pm, you send cookies by providing a -cookie
|
|
argument to the header() method:
|
|
|
|
print header(-cookie=>$c);
|
|
|
|
Mod_perl users can set cookies using the request object's header_out()
|
|
method:
|
|
|
|
$r->header_out('Set-Cookie',$c);
|
|
|
|
Internally, Cookie overloads the "" operator to call its as_string()
|
|
method when incorporated into the HTTP header. as_string() turns the
|
|
Cookie's internal representation into an RFC-compliant text
|
|
representation. You may call as_string() yourself if you prefer:
|
|
|
|
print "Set-Cookie: ",$c->as_string,"\n";
|
|
|
|
=head2 Recovering Previous Cookies
|
|
|
|
%cookies = fetch CGI::Cookie;
|
|
|
|
B<fetch> returns an associative array consisting of all cookies
|
|
returned by the browser. The keys of the array are the cookie names. You
|
|
can iterate through the cookies this way:
|
|
|
|
%cookies = fetch CGI::Cookie;
|
|
foreach (keys %cookies) {
|
|
do_something($cookies{$_});
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
In a scalar context, fetch() returns a hash reference, which may be more
|
|
efficient if you are manipulating multiple cookies.
|
|
|
|
CGI.pm uses the URL escaping methods to save and restore reserved characters
|
|
in its cookies. If you are trying to retrieve a cookie set by a foreign server,
|
|
this escaping method may trip you up. Use raw_fetch() instead, which has the
|
|
same semantics as fetch(), but performs no unescaping.
|
|
|
|
You may also retrieve cookies that were stored in some external
|
|
form using the parse() class method:
|
|
|
|
$COOKIES = `cat /usr/tmp/Cookie_stash`;
|
|
%cookies = parse CGI::Cookie($COOKIES);
|
|
|
|
=head2 Manipulating Cookies
|
|
|
|
Cookie objects have a series of accessor methods to get and set cookie
|
|
attributes. Each accessor has a similar syntax. Called without
|
|
arguments, the accessor returns the current value of the attribute.
|
|
Called with an argument, the accessor changes the attribute and
|
|
returns its new value.
|
|
|
|
=over 4
|
|
|
|
=item B<name()>
|
|
|
|
Get or set the cookie's name. Example:
|
|
|
|
$name = $c->name;
|
|
$new_name = $c->name('fred');
|
|
|
|
=item B<value()>
|
|
|
|
Get or set the cookie's value. Example:
|
|
|
|
$value = $c->value;
|
|
@new_value = $c->value(['a','b','c','d']);
|
|
|
|
B<value()> is context sensitive. In an array context it will return
|
|
the current value of the cookie as an array. In a scalar context it
|
|
will return the B<first> value of a multivalued cookie.
|
|
|
|
=item B<domain()>
|
|
|
|
Get or set the cookie's domain.
|
|
|
|
=item B<path()>
|
|
|
|
Get or set the cookie's path.
|
|
|
|
=item B<expires()>
|
|
|
|
Get or set the cookie's expiration time.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
|
|
=head1 AUTHOR INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
Copyright 1997-1998, Lincoln D. Stein. All rights reserved.
|
|
|
|
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
|
it under the same terms as Perl itself.
|
|
|
|
Address bug reports and comments to: lstein@cshl.org
|
|
|
|
=head1 BUGS
|
|
|
|
This section intentionally left blank.
|
|
|
|
=head1 SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
L<CGI::Carp>, L<CGI>
|
|
|
|
=cut
|