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o break per-address family support out into separate files o modularize per-address family and functional operations using a registration mechanism; this permits configuration according to which files you include (but beware that order of the files is important to insure backwards compatibility) o many cleanups to eliminate incestuous behaviour, global variables, and poor coding practices (still much more to fix) The original motivation of this work was to support dynamic addition of functionality based on the interface so we can eliminate the various little control programs and so that vendors can distribute ifconfig plugins that support their in-kernel code. That work is still to be completed. o Update 802.11 support for all the new net80211 functionality; some of these operations (e.g. list *) may be better suited in a different program
959 lines
27 KiB
Groff
959 lines
27 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd Nov 2, 2004
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.Dt IFCONFIG 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ifconfig
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.Nd configure network interface parameters
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl m
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.Ar interface
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.Op Cm create
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Oo
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.Ar address
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.Op Ar dest_address
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.Oc
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.Op Ar parameters
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.Nm
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.Ar interface
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.Cm destroy
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.Nm
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.Fl a
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl m
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Fl v
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Nm
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.Fl l
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Ar address_family
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.Nm
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.Op Fl L
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.Op Fl d
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.Op Fl m
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.Op Fl u
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.Op Fl v
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.Op Fl C
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is used to assign an address
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to a network interface and/or configure
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network interface parameters.
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The
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.Nm
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utility must be used at boot time to define the network address
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of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
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a later time to redefine an interface's address
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or other operating parameters.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ar address
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For the
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.Tn DARPA Ns -Internet
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family,
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the address is either a host name present in the host name data
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base,
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.Xr hosts 5 ,
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or a
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
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.Dq dot notation .
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.Pp
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It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
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slash notation) to include the netmask.
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That is, one can specify an address like
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.Li 192.168.0.1/16 .
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.Pp
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For
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.Dq inet6
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family, it is also possible to specify the prefix length using the slash
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notation, like
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.Li ::1/128 .
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See the
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.Cm prefixlen
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parameter below for more information.
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.\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
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.\" addresses are
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.\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
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.\" where
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.\" .Ar net
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.\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
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.\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
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.\" .Ar a
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.\" through
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.\" .Ar f ,
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.\" are specified in hexadecimal.
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.\" The host number may be omitted on IEEE 802 protocol
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.\" (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring) interfaces,
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.\" which use the hardware physical address,
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.\" and on interfaces other than the first.
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.\" For the
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.\" .Tn ISO
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.\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
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.\" as in the Xerox family.
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.\" However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
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.\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
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.\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
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.Pp
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The link-level
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.Pq Dq link
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address
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is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
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This can be used to
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e.g.\& set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
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mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
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If the interface is already
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up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
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then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
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filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
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.It Ar address_family
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Specify the
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address family
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which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
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Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
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with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
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The address or protocol families currently
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supported are
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.Dq inet ,
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.Dq inet6 ,
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.Dq atalk ,
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.Dq ipx ,
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.\" .Dq iso ,
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and
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.Dq link .
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.\" and
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.\" .Dq ns .
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The default is
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.Dq inet .
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.Dq ether
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and
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.Dq lladdr
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are synonyms for
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.Dq link .
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.It Ar dest_address
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Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
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of a point to point link.
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.It Ar interface
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This
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parameter is a string of the form
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.Dq name unit ,
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for example,
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.Dq Li ed0 .
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.El
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.Pp
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The following parameters may be set with
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Cm add
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Another name for the
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.Cm alias
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parameter.
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Introduced for compatibility
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with
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.Bsx .
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.It Cm alias
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Establish an additional network address for this interface.
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This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
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one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
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If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
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for this interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given.
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Usually
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.Li 0xffffffff
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is most appropriate.
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.It Fl alias
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Remove the network address specified.
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This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
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was no longer needed.
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If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
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of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
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allow you to respecify the host portion.
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.It Cm anycast
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(Inet6 only.)
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Specify that the address configured is an anycast address.
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Based on the current specification,
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only routers may configure anycast addresses.
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Anycast address will not be used as source address of any of outgoing
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IPv6 packets.
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.It Cm arp
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Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
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.Pq Xr arp 4
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in mapping
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between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
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This is currently implemented for mapping between
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.Tn DARPA
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Internet
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addresses and
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.Tn IEEE
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802 48-bit MAC addresses (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).
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.It Fl arp
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|
Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
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.Pq Xr arp 4 .
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.It Cm staticarp
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|
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
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the host will only reply to requests for its addresses,
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and will never send any requests.
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.It Fl staticarp
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|
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
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the host will perform normally,
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sending out requests and listening for replies.
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.It Cm broadcast
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(Inet only.)
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Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
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network.
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The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
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.It Cm debug
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|
Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
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extra console error logging.
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.It Fl debug
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Disable driver dependent debugging code.
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.It Cm promisc
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|
Put interface into permanently promiscuous mode.
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.It Fl promisc
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|
Disable permanently promiscuous mode.
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.It Cm delete
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|
Another name for the
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.Fl alias
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|
parameter.
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.It Cm down
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|
Mark an interface
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|
.Dq down .
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|
When an interface is marked
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.Dq down ,
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|
the system will not attempt to
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transmit messages through that interface.
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|
If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
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This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
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.It Cm eui64
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(Inet6 only.)
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|
Fill interface index
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(lowermost 64bit of an IPv6 address)
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automatically.
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|
.It Cm ipdst
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|
This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
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|
IP packets encapsulating IPX packets bound for a remote network.
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|
An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
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|
the address specified will be taken as the IPX address and network
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of the destination.
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.It Cm maclabel Ar label
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|
If Mandatory Access Control support is enabled in the kernel,
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set the MAC label to
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.Ar label .
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.\" (see
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.\" .Xr maclabel 7 ) .
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.It Cm media Ar type
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|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
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of the interface to
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.Ar type .
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|
Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
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different physical media connectors.
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|
For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet
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|
interface might support the use of either
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.Tn AUI
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|
or twisted pair connectors.
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|
Setting the media type to
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.Dq Li 10base5/AUI
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|
would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
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|
Setting it to
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|
.Dq Li 10baseT/UTP
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|
would activate twisted pair.
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|
Refer to the interfaces' driver
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|
specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
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available types.
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.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
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|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
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media options on the interface.
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The
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.Ar opts
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|
argument
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is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
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|
Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
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|
list of available options.
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.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
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|
If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
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specified media options on the interface.
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.It Cm mode Ar mode
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|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
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operating mode on the interface to
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.Ar mode .
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|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces that support multiple operating modes
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this directive is used to select between 802.11a
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.Pq Dq Li 11a ,
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802.11b
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.Pq Dq Li 11b ,
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and 802.11g
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.Pq Dq Li 11g
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operating modes.
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.It Cm name Ar name
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Set the interface name to
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.Ar name .
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.It Cm rxcsum , txcsum
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|
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
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enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
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Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags independently
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of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
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The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
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support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
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.It Fl rxcsum , Fl txcsum
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|
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
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disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
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These settings may not always be independent of each other.
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.It Cm polling
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|
If the driver has user-configurable
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.Xr polling 4
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|
support, select the polling mode on the interface.
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|
.It Fl polling
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|
If the driver has user-configurable
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|
.Xr polling 4
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|
support, select the interrupt mode on the interface.
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.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
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|
(IP tunnel devices only.)
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|
Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
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interfaces
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|
.Pq Xr gif 4 .
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|
The arguments
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.Ar src_addr
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|
and
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|
.Ar dest_addr
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|
are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
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IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
.It Cm deletetunnel
|
|
Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
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interfaces previously configured with
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.Cm tunnel .
|
|
.It Cm create
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|
Create the specified network pseudo-device.
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|
If the interface is given without a unit number, try to create a new
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device with an arbitrary unit number.
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|
If creation of an arbitrary device is successful, the new device name is
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|
printed to standard output unless the interface is renamed or destroyed
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in the same
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.Nm
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|
invocation.
|
|
.It Cm destroy
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|
Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
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|
.It Cm plumb
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|
Another name for the
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.Cm create
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parameter.
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|
Included for
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.Tn Solaris
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|
compatibility.
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|
.It Cm unplumb
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|
Another name for the
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.Cm destroy
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parameter.
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|
Included for
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.Tn Solaris
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compatibility.
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.It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
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|
If the interface is a
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.Xr vlan 4
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|
pseudo interface, set the VLAN tag value
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|
to
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|
.Ar vlan_tag .
|
|
This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
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|
VLAN header for packets sent from the
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|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface.
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Cm vlan
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|
and
|
|
.Cm vlandev
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|
must both be set at the same time.
|
|
.It Cm vlandev Ar iface
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|
If the interface is a
|
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.Xr vlan 4
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pseudo device, associate physical interface
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.Ar iface
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|
with it.
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|
Packets transmitted through the
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|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface will be
|
|
diverted to the specified physical interface
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.Ar iface
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|
with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation.
|
|
Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
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|
by the parent interface with the correct VLAN tag will be diverted to
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the associated
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|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
pseudo-interface.
|
|
The
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|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface is assigned a
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|
copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm vlandev
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|
and
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|
.Cm vlan
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|
must both be set at the same time.
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|
If the
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|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface already has
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a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
|
|
To
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|
change the association to another physical interface, the existing
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|
association must be cleared first.
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|
.Pp
|
|
Note: if the hardware tagging capability
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|
is set on the parent interface, the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
pseudo
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interface's behavior changes:
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|
the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface recognizes that the
|
|
parent interface supports insertion and extraction of VLAN tags on its
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|
own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
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|
the parent unaltered.
|
|
.It Fl vlandev Ar iface
|
|
If the driver is a
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.Xr vlan 4
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|
pseudo device, disassociate the physical interface
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|
.Ar iface
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|
from it.
|
|
This breaks the link between the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface and its parent,
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|
clears its VLAN tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
|
|
.It Cm vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
|
|
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
|
|
reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
Note that this must be issued on a physical interface associated with
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|
.Xr vlan 4 ,
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|
not on a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
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|
interface itself.
|
|
.It Fl vlanmtu , Fl vlanhwtag
|
|
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
|
|
reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
.It Cm metric Ar n
|
|
Set the routing metric of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default 0.
|
|
The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr routed 8 .
|
|
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
|
|
less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
|
|
to the destination network or host.
|
|
.It Cm mtu Ar n
|
|
Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default is interface specific.
|
|
The MTU is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
|
|
interface.
|
|
Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have
|
|
range restrictions.
|
|
.It Cm netmask Ar mask
|
|
.\" (Inet and ISO.)
|
|
(Inet only.)
|
|
Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
|
|
networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The mask includes the network part of the local address
|
|
and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
|
|
The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
|
|
with a leading
|
|
.Ql 0x ,
|
|
with a dot-notation Internet address,
|
|
or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
|
|
.Xr networks 5 .
|
|
The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
|
|
which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
|
|
and 0's for the host part.
|
|
The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
|
|
and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
|
|
portion.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the address.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
option above for more information.
|
|
.It Cm prefixlen Ar len
|
|
(Inet6 only.)
|
|
Specify that
|
|
.Ar len
|
|
bits are reserved for subdividing networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar len
|
|
must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
|
|
It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
|
|
If the parameter is omitted, 64 is used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after the address.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
option above for more information.
|
|
.\" see
|
|
.\" Xr eon 5 .
|
|
.\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
|
|
.\" .Pf ( Tn ISO
|
|
.\" only)
|
|
.\" This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
|
|
.\" used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
|
|
.\" taken to be the
|
|
.\" .Tn NET
|
|
.\" (Network Entity Title).
|
|
.\" The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
|
|
.\" .Tn GOSIP .
|
|
.\" When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
|
|
.\" it is really the
|
|
.\" .Tn NSAP
|
|
.\" which is being specified.
|
|
.\" For example, in
|
|
.\" .Tn US GOSIP ,
|
|
.\" 20 hex digits should be
|
|
.\" specified in the
|
|
.\" .Tn ISO NSAP
|
|
.\" to be assigned to the interface.
|
|
.\" There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
|
|
.\" for
|
|
.\" .Tn AFI
|
|
.\" 37 type addresses.
|
|
.It Cm range Ar netrange
|
|
Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a
|
|
.Ar netrange
|
|
of the form
|
|
.Ar startnet Ns - Ns Ar endnet .
|
|
Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
|
|
netmasks though
|
|
.Fx
|
|
implements it internally as a set of netmasks.
|
|
.It Cm remove
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Introduced for compatibility
|
|
with
|
|
.Bsx .
|
|
.It Cm phase
|
|
The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
|
|
Appletalk network attached to the interface.
|
|
Values of 1 or 2 are permitted.
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.It Cm link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
|
|
These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
|
|
they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
|
|
An example
|
|
of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
|
|
for some Ethernet cards.
|
|
Refer to the man page for the specific driver
|
|
for more information.
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.It Fl link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
|
|
.It Cm monitor
|
|
Put the interface in monitor mode.
|
|
No packets are transmitted, and received packets are discarded after
|
|
.Xr bpf 4
|
|
processing.
|
|
.It Fl monitor
|
|
Take the interface out of monitor mode.
|
|
.It Cm up
|
|
Mark an interface
|
|
.Dq up .
|
|
This may be used to enable an interface after an
|
|
.Dq Nm Cm down .
|
|
It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
|
|
If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
|
|
the hardware will be re-initialized.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm apbridge
|
|
When operating as an access point pass packets between
|
|
wireless clients directly (default).
|
|
To instead let them pass up through the
|
|
system and be forwarded using some other mechanism use
|
|
.Dq Li -apbridge.
|
|
Disabling the internal bridging
|
|
is useful when traffic is to be processed with
|
|
packet filtering.
|
|
.It Cm authmode Ar mode
|
|
Set the desired authentication mode in infrastructure mode.
|
|
Not all adaptors support all modes.
|
|
The set of
|
|
valid modes is
|
|
.Dq Li none ,
|
|
.Dq Li open ,
|
|
.Dq Li shared (shared key),
|
|
.Dq Li 8021x (IEEE 802.1x),
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li wpa (IEEE WPA/WPA2/802.11i).
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq Li 8021x
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li wpa
|
|
modes are only useful when used an authentication service
|
|
(a supplicant for client operation or an authenticator when
|
|
operating as an access point).
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm bssid Ar address
|
|
Specify the MAC address of the access point to use when operating
|
|
as a station in a BSS network.
|
|
This overrides any automatic selection done by the system.
|
|
To disable a previously selected access point supply
|
|
.Dq Li any ,
|
|
.Dq Li none ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li -
|
|
for the address.
|
|
This option is useful when more than one access points have the same SSID.
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm bssid
|
|
parameter is
|
|
.Cm ap .
|
|
.It Cm chanlist Ar channels
|
|
Set the desired channels to use when scanning for access
|
|
points, neighbors in an IBSS network, or looking for unoccupied
|
|
channels when operating as an access point.
|
|
The set of channels is specified as a comma-separated list with
|
|
each element in the list either a single channel number of a range
|
|
of the form
|
|
.Dq Li a-b .
|
|
Channel numbers must be in the range 1 to 255 and be permissible
|
|
according to the operating characteristics of the device.
|
|
.It Cm channel Ar number
|
|
Set a single desired channel.
|
|
Channels range from 1 to 255, but the exact selection available
|
|
depends on the region your adaptor was manufactured for.
|
|
Setting
|
|
the channel to
|
|
.Dq Li 0 ,
|
|
.Dq Li any ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li -
|
|
will give you the default for your adaptor.
|
|
Many
|
|
adaptors ignore this setting unless you are in ad-hoc mode.
|
|
Alternatively the frequency, in megahertz, may be specified
|
|
instead of the channel number.
|
|
.It Cm hidessid
|
|
When operating as an access point do not broadcast the SSID
|
|
in beacon frames.
|
|
By default the SSID is included in beacon frames.
|
|
To re-enable the broadcast of the SSID use
|
|
.Fl hidessid .
|
|
.It Cm powersave
|
|
Enable powersave operation.
|
|
When operating as a client the station will conserve power by
|
|
periodically turning off the radio and listening for
|
|
messages from the access point telling it there are packets waiting.
|
|
The station must then retrieve the packets.
|
|
When operating as an access point the station must honor power
|
|
save operation of associated clients.
|
|
Not all devices support power save operation, either as a client
|
|
or as an access point.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl powersave
|
|
to disable powersave operation.
|
|
.It Cm powersavesleep Ar sleep
|
|
Set the desired max powersave sleep time in milliseconds.
|
|
.It Cm protmode Ar technique
|
|
For interfaces operating in 802.11g, use the specified
|
|
.Ar technique
|
|
for protecting OFDM frames in a mixed 11b/11g network.
|
|
The set of valid techniques is
|
|
.Dq Li off ,
|
|
.Dq Li cts
|
|
(CTS to self),
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li rtscts
|
|
(RTS/CTS).
|
|
Technique names are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm roaming Ar mode
|
|
When operating as a station, control how the system will
|
|
behave when communication with the current access point
|
|
is broken.
|
|
.I Mode
|
|
may be one of
|
|
.Dq Li device
|
|
(leave it to the hardware device to decide),
|
|
.Dq Li auto
|
|
(handle either in the device or the operating system--as appropriate),
|
|
.Dq Li manual
|
|
(do nothing until explicitly instructed).
|
|
By the default the device is left to handle this if it is
|
|
capable; otherwise the operating system will automatically
|
|
attempt to reestablish communication.
|
|
Manual mode is mostly useful when an application wants to
|
|
control the selection of an access point.
|
|
.It Cm rtsthreshold Ar length
|
|
Set the threshold for which
|
|
transmitted frames are preceded by transmission of an
|
|
RTS
|
|
control frame.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
argument
|
|
is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 1 to 2312.
|
|
Not all adaptors support setting the RTS threshold.
|
|
.It Cm ssid Ar ssid
|
|
Set the desired Service Set Identifier (aka network name).
|
|
The SSID is a string up to 32 characters
|
|
in length and may be specified as either a normal string or in
|
|
hexadecimal when proceeded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
Additionally, the SSID may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
.It Cm scan
|
|
Display the current set of scanned neighbors and/or trigger a new scan.
|
|
Only the super-user can trigger a scan.
|
|
.It Cm stationname Ar name
|
|
Set the name of this station.
|
|
It appears that the station name is not really part of the IEEE 802.11
|
|
protocol though all interfaces seem to support it.
|
|
As such it only
|
|
seems to be meaningful to identical or virtually identical equipment.
|
|
Setting the station name is identical in syntax to setting the SSID.
|
|
.It Cm txpower Ar power
|
|
Set the power used to transmit frames.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar power
|
|
argument
|
|
is a unitless value in the range 0 to 100 that is interpreted
|
|
by drivers to derive a device-specific value.
|
|
Out of range values are truncated.
|
|
Typically only a few discreet power settings are available and
|
|
the driver will use the setting closest to the specified value.
|
|
Not all adaptors support changing the transmit power.
|
|
.It Cm wepmode Ar mode
|
|
Set the desired WEP mode.
|
|
Not all adaptors support all modes.
|
|
The set of valid modes is
|
|
.Dq Li off ,
|
|
.Dq Li on ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li mixed .
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq Li mixed
|
|
mode explicitly tells the adaptor to allow association with access
|
|
points which allow both encrypted and unencrypted traffic.
|
|
On these adaptors,
|
|
.Dq Li on
|
|
means that the access point must only allow encrypted connections.
|
|
On other adaptors,
|
|
.Dq Li on
|
|
is generally another name for
|
|
.Dq Li mixed .
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm weptxkey Ar index
|
|
Set the WEP key to be used for transmission.
|
|
.It Cm wepkey Ar key Ns | Ns Ar index : Ns Ar key
|
|
Set the selected WEP key.
|
|
If an
|
|
.Ar index
|
|
is not given, key 1 is set.
|
|
A WEP key will be either 5 or 13
|
|
characters (40 or 104 bits) depending of the local network and the
|
|
capabilities of the adaptor.
|
|
It may be specified either as a plain
|
|
string or as a string of hexadecimal digits proceeded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
For maximum portability, hex keys are recommended;
|
|
the mapping of text keys to WEP encryption is usually driver-specific.
|
|
In particular, the
|
|
.Tn Windows
|
|
drivers do this mapping differently to
|
|
.Fx .
|
|
A key may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
If WEP is supported then there are at least four keys.
|
|
Some adaptors support more than four keys.
|
|
If that is the case, then the first four keys
|
|
(1-4) will be the standard temporary keys and any others will be adaptor
|
|
specific keys such as permanent keys stored in NVRAM.
|
|
.It Cm wme
|
|
Enable Wireless Media Extensions (WME) support, if available,
|
|
for the specified interface.
|
|
WME is a subset of the IEEE 802.11e standard to support the
|
|
efficient communication of realtime and multimedia data.
|
|
To disable WME support use
|
|
.Fl wme .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are support for compatibility with other systems:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm nwid Ar ssid
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm ssid
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm station Ar name
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm stationname
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode on .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey key
|
|
Another way of saying:
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 1:key wepkey 2:- wepkey 3:- wepkey 4:-" .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey Xo
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Ar n : k1 , k2 , k3 , k4
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey n wepkey 1:k1 wepkey 2:k2 wepkey 3:k3 wepkey 4:k4" .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl nwkey
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility displays the current configuration for a network interface
|
|
when no optional parameters are supplied.
|
|
If a protocol family is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will display the capability list and all
|
|
of the supported media for the specified interface.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
|
|
as time offset string.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Optionally, the
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
flag may be used instead of an interface name.
|
|
This flag instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to display information about all interfaces in the system.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are up.
|
|
When no arguments are given,
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
is implied.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
|
|
no other additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
|
|
with all other flags and commands, except for
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
(only list interfaces that are down)
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
(only list interfaces that are up).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag may be used to get more verbose status for an interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl C
|
|
flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
|
|
the system, with no additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
|
|
.Sh NOTES
|
|
The media selection system is relatively new and only some drivers support
|
|
it (or have need for it).
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
|
|
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
|
|
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Basic IPv6 node operation requires a link-local address on each
|
|
interface configured for IPv6.
|
|
Normally, such an address is automatically configured by the
|
|
kernel on each interface added to the system; this behaviour may
|
|
be disabled by setting the sysctl MIB variable
|
|
.Va net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal
|
|
to 0.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you delete such an address using
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
the kernel may act very oddly.
|
|
Do this at your own risk.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
.Xr vlan 4 ,
|
|
.\" .Xr eon 5 ,
|
|
.Xr rc 8 ,
|
|
.Xr routed 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|