574 lines
15 KiB
Groff
574 lines
15 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999
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.\" Bill Paul <wpaul@ctr.columbia.edu> All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by Bill Paul.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the author nor the names of any co-contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Bill Paul AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Bill Paul OR THE VOICES IN HIS HEAD
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
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.\" THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd March 4, 2003
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.Dt WICONTROL 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm wicontrol
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.Nd configure WaveLAN/IEEE devices
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Op Fl o
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl t Ar tx_rate
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl n Ar network_name
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl s Ar station_name
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl c Cm 0 | 1
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl q Ar SSID
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl p Ar port_type
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl a Ar access_point_density
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl m Ar mac_address
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl d Ar max_data_length
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl e Cm 0 | 1
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl k Ar key
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.Op Fl v Cm 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl T Cm 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl r Ar RTS_threshold
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl f Ar frequency
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl P Cm 0 | 1
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl S Ar max_sleep_duration
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl Z
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(zero signal cache)
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl C
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(display signal cache)
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl L
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(list avail access points)
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.Nm
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.Op Fl i
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.Ar iface Fl l
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(dump associated stations)
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility controls the operation of WaveLAN/IEEE wireless networking
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devices via the
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.Xr wi 4
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driver.
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.Pp
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You should not use this program to configure IEEE 802.11 paramters.
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Use
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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instead to do those tasks.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility can also be used to view the current settings of these parameters
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and to dump out the values of the card's statistics counters.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar iface
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argument given to
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.Nm
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should be the logical interface name associated with the WaveLAN/IEEE
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device
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.Li ( wi0 , wi1 ,
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etc.).
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If none is specified then
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.Dq Li wi0
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is used as default.
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.Sh OPTIONS
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Op Fl o
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Display the current settings of the specified WaveLAN/IEEE interface.
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This retrieves the current card settings from the driver and prints them
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out.
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Using the additional
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.Fl o
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flag will cause
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.Nm
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to print out the statistics counters instead of the card settings.
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Encryption keys are only displayed if
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.Nm
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is run as root.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl t Ar tx_rate
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This flag is deprecated.
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Use
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Cm mediaopt
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instead.
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.Pp
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Set the transmit rate of the specified interface.
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The legal values
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for the transmit rate vary depending on whether the interface is a
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standard WaveLAN/IEEE or a WaveLAN/IEEE Turbo adapter.
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The standard
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NICs support a maximum transmit rate of 2Mbps while the turbo NICs
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support a maximum speed of 6Mbps.
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The following table shows the
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legal transmit rate settings and the corresponding transmit speeds:
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.Bl -column ".Em TX\ rate" ".Em NIC\ speed" -offset indent
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.Em "TX rate NIC speed"
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.It Cm 1 Ta "Fixed Low (1Mbps)"
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.It Cm 2 Ta "Fixed Standard (2Mbps)"
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.It Cm 3 Ta "Auto Rate Select (High)"
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.It Cm 4 Ta "Fixed Medium (4Mbps)"
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.It Cm 5 Ta "Fixed High (6Mbps)"
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.It Cm 6 Ta "Auto Rate Select (Standard)"
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.It Cm 7 Ta "Auto Rate Select (Medium)"
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.El
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.Pp
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The default driver setting is
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.Cm 3
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(auto rate select).
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The numbers vary from card to card.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl n Ar network_name
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This flag is deprecated.
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Use
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Cm ssid
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or
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.Cm nwid
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instead.
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.Pp
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Set the name of the service set (IBSS) that this station wishes to
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join.
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The
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.Ar network_name
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can be any text string up to 30 characters in length.
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The default name
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is the string
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.Dq Li ANY
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which should allow the station to connect to the first
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available access point.
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The interface should be set for BSS mode using
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the
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.Fl p
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flag in order for this to work.
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.Pp
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Note: the WaveLAN manual indicates that an empty string will allow the
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host to connect to any access point, however I have also seen a reference
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in another driver which indicates that the
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.Dq Li ANY
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string works as well.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl s Ar station_name
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This flag is deprecated.
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Use
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Cm stationname
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or
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.Cm station
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instead.
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.Pp
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Sets the
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station name
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for the specified interface.
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The
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.Ar station_name
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is used for diagnostic purposes.
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The
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.Tn "Lucent WaveMANAGER"
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software can
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poll the names of remote hosts.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl c Cm 0 | 1
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This flag is deprecated.
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IBSS networks are automatically created on those cards whose firmware
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supports it while in IBSS mode.
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.Pp
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Allow the station to create a service set (IBSS).
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Permitted values are
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.Cm 0
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(don't create IBSS) and
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.Cm 1
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(enable creation of IBSS).
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The default is
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.Cm 0 .
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.Pp
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Only newer versions of the Lucent firmware support this.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl q Ar SSID
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This flag is deprecated.
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The
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.Cm ssid
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setting from
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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is the current preferred way of setting this parameter.
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.Pp
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Specify the name of an IBSS (SSID) to create on a given interface.
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The
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.Ar SSID
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can be any text string up to 30 characters long.
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.Pp
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Note: this option is provided for experimental purposes only: enabling
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the creation of an IBSS on a host system doesn't appear to actually work.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl p Ar port_type
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This flag is deprecated.
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It should never be used.
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Do not use this flag.
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Its meaning depends on the type of card you are using, as well as the
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firmware you have installed in the card in some cases.
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Beware.
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Danger.
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Do not use.
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Instead, use the
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Cm media
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and
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.Cm mediaopt
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commands.
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.Pp
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Set the
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port type
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for a specified interface.
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The legal values for
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.Ar port_type
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are
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.Cm 1
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(BSS mode) and
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.Cm 3
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(ad-hoc) mode.
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In ad-hoc mode, the station can
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communicate directly with any other stations within direct radio range
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(provided that they are also operating in ad-hoc mode).
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In BSS mode,
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hosts must associate with a service set controlled by an access point,
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which relays traffic between end stations.
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The default setting is
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.Cm 1
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(BSS mode).
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Lucent cards have one set of meanings.
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Prism cards have another.
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Symbol cards have a third.
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Do not use this flag.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl a Ar access_point_density
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Specify the
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access point density
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for a given interface.
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Legal values are
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.Cm 1
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(low),
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.Cm 2
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(medium) and
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.Cm 3
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(high).
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This setting influences some of the radio modem threshold settings.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl m Ar mac_address
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Set the station address for the specified interface.
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The
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.Ar mac_address
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is specified as a series of six hexadecimal values separated by colons,
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e.g.,
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.Dq Li 00:60:1d:12:34:56 .
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This programs the new address into the card
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and updates the interface as well.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl d Ar max_data_length
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Set the maximum receive and transmit frame size for a specified interface.
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The
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.Ar max_data_length
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can be any number from 350 to 2304.
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The default is 2304.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl e Cm 0 | 1
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This flag is deprecated.
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It has been replaced by the
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Cm wepmode
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option.
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.Pp
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Enable or disable WEP encryption.
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Permitted values are
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.Cm 0
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(encryption disabled) or
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.Cm 1
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(encryption enabled).
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Encryption is off by default.
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.Pp
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Both 128-bit and 64-bit WEP have been broken.
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See the
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.Sx BUGS
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section for details.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl k Ar key Op Fl v Cm 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
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This flag is obsolete.
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The
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Cm wepkey
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should be used instead.
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.Pp
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Set WEP encryption keys.
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There are four default encryption keys
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that can be programmed.
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A specific key can be set using
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the
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.Fl v
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flag.
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If the
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.Fl v
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flag is not specified, the first key will be set.
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Encryption keys
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can either be normal text (i.e.\&
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.Dq Li hello )
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or a series of hexadecimal digits (i.e.\&
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.Dq Li 0x1234512345 ) .
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For
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WaveLAN Turbo Silver cards, the key is restricted to 40 bits, hence
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the key can be either a 5 character text string or 10 hex digits.
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For WaveLAN Turbo Gold cards, the key can also be 104 bits,
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which means the key can be specified as either a 13 character text
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string or 26 hex digits in addition to the formats supported by the
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Silver cards.
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.Pp
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For maximum portability, hex keys are recommended;
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the mapping of text keys to WEP encryption is usually driver-specific.
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In particular, the
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.Tn Windows
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drivers do this mapping differently to
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.Fx .
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.Pp
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Note: Both 128-bit and 64-bit WEP encryption have been broken.
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See the
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.Sx BUGS
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section for details.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl T Cm 1 | 2 | 3 | 4
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This flag is obsolete.
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The
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Cm weptxkey
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should be used instead.
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.Pp
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Specify which of the four WEP encryption keys will be used to
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encrypt transmitted packets.
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.Pp
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Note: Both 128-bit and 64-bit WEP have been broken.
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See the
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.Sx BUGS
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section for details.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl r Ar RTS_threshold
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Set the RTS/CTS threshold for a given interface.
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This controls the
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number of bytes used for the RTS/CTS handshake boundary.
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The
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.Ar RTS_threshold
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can be any value between 0 and 2347.
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The default is 2347.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl f Ar frequency
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This flag is deprecated.
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Use
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Cm channel
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instead.
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.Pp
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Set the radio frequency of a given interface.
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The
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.Ar frequency
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should be specified as a channel ID as shown in the table below.
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The
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list of available frequencies is dependent on radio regulations specified
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by regional authorities.
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Recognized regulatory authorities include
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the FCC (United States), ETSI (Europe), France and Japan.
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Frequencies
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in the table are specified in MHz.
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.Bl -column ".Em Channel\ ID" ".Em FCC" ".Em ETSI" ".Em France" ".Em Japan" -offset indent
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.Em "Channel ID FCC ETSI France Japan"
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.It Cm 1 Ta "2412 2412 - 2412"
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.It Cm 2 Ta "2417 2417 - 2417"
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.It Cm 3 Ta "2422 2422 - 2422"
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.It Cm 4 Ta "2427 2427 - 2427"
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.It Cm 5 Ta "2432 2432 - 2432"
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.It Cm 6 Ta "2437 2437 - 2437"
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.It Cm 7 Ta "2442 2442 - 2442"
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.It Cm 8 Ta "2447 2447 - 2447"
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.It Cm 9 Ta "2452 2452 - 2452"
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.It Cm 10 Ta "2457 2457 2457 2457"
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.It Cm 11 Ta "2462 2462 2462 2462"
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.It Cm 12 Ta "- 2467 2467 2467"
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.It Cm 13 Ta "- 2472 2472 2472"
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.It Cm 14 Ta "- - - 2484"
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.El
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.Pp
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If an illegal channel is specified, the
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NIC will revert to its default channel.
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For NICs sold in the United States
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and Europe, the default channel is
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.Cm 3 .
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For NICs sold in France, the default channel is
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.Cm 11 .
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For NICs sold in Japan, the default channel is
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.Cm 14 ,
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and it is the only available channel for pre-11Mbps NICs.
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Note that two stations must be set to the same channel in order to
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communicate.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl P Cm 0 | 1
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This flag is obsolete.
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The
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Cm powersave
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should be used instead.
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.Pp
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Enable or disable power management on a given interface.
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Enabling
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power management uses an alternating sleep/wake protocol to help
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conserve power on mobile stations, at the cost of some increased
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receive latency.
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Power management is off by default.
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Note that power
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management requires the cooperation of an access point in order to
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function; it is not functional in ad-hoc mode.
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Also, power management
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is only implemented in Lucent WavePOINT firmware version 2.03 or
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later, and in WaveLAN PCMCIA adapter firmware 2.00 or later.
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Older
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revisions will silently ignore the power management setting.
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Legal
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values for this parameter are
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.Cm 0
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(off) and
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.Cm 1
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(on).
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl S Ar max_sleep_interval
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This flag is obsolete.
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The
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Cm powersleep
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should be used instead.
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.Pp
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Specify the sleep interval to use when power management is enabled.
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The
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.Ar max_sleep_interval
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is specified in milliseconds.
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The default is 100.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl Z
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Clear the signal strength cache maintained internally by the
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.Xr wi 4
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driver.
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.It Oo Fl i Oc Ar iface Fl C
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Display the cached signal strength information maintained by the
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.Xr wi 4
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driver.
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The driver retains information about signal strength and
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noise level for packets received from different hosts.
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The signal
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strength and noise level values are displayed in units of dBms.
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The signal quality values is produced by subtracting the noise level
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from the signal strength (i.e. less noise and better signal yields
|
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better signal quality).
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr awi 4 ,
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.Xr ipsec 4 ,
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.Xr wi 4 ,
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.Xr ifconfig 8
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.Sh BUGS
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There are deprecated flags here that duplicate functionality of
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.Xr ifconfig 8 .
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These flags will be deprecated in
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.Fx 5.1
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and removed in a future release.
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.Pp
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The WEP encryption method has been broken so that third parties
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can recover the keys in use relatively quickly at distances that are
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surprising to most people.
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Do not rely on WEP for anything but the most basic, remedial security.
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IPSEC will give you a higher level of security and should be used
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whenever possible.
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Do not trust access points or wireless machines that connect through
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them as they can provide no assurance that the traffic is legitimate.
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MAC addresses can easily be forged and should therefore not be used as
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the only access control.
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.Pp
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The attack on WEP is a passive attack, requiring only the ability to
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sniff packets on the network.
|
|
The passive attack can be launched at a distance larger, up to many
|
|
miles, than one might otherwise expect given a specialized antenna
|
|
used in point to point applications.
|
|
The attacker can recover the keys from a 128-bit WEP network with only
|
|
5,000,000 to 6,000,000 packets.
|
|
While this may sound like a large number of packets, empirical
|
|
evidence suggests that this amount of traffic is generated in a few
|
|
hours on a partially loaded network.
|
|
Once a key has been compromised, the only remedial action is to
|
|
discontinue it and use a new key.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See
|
|
.Pa http://www.cs.rice.edu/~astubble/wep/wep_attack.html
|
|
for details of the attack.
|
|
Many programs to assist in cracking WEP keys are widely available.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you must use WEP, you are strongly encouraged to pick keys whose
|
|
bytes are random and not confined to
|
|
.Tn ASCII
|
|
characters.
|
|
Brute force attacks on WEP keys are also possible.
|
|
Experience has showns that
|
|
.Tn ASCII
|
|
keys can be cracked in less than a day.
|
|
Even random bytes can be cracked in less than two weeks.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Signal cache is broken right now.
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility first appeared in
|
|
.Fx 3.0 .
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility was written by
|
|
.An Bill Paul Aq wpaul@ctr.columbia.edu .
|