8d3cd7767a
PR: 258957 Submitted by: sigsys@gmail.com MFC after: 1 week
474 lines
11 KiB
Groff
474 lines
11 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright 2000 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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.\"
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.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
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.\" its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
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.\" granted, provided that both the above copyright notice and this
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.\" permission notice appear in all copies, that both the above
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.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all
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.\" supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be used
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.\" in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
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.\" software without specific, written prior permission. M.I.T. makes
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.\" no representations about the suitability of this software for any
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.\" purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied
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.\" warranty.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY M.I.T. ``AS IS''. M.I.T. DISCLAIMS
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.\" ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
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.\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT
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.\" SHALL M.I.T. BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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.\" SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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.\" LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
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.\" USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
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.\" ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
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.\" OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
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.\" OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd June 25, 2021
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.Dt SHM_OPEN 2
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm memfd_create , shm_open , shm_rename, shm_unlink
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.Nd "shared memory object operations"
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/types.h
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.In sys/mman.h
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.In fcntl.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn memfd_create "const char *name" "unsigned int flags"
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.Ft int
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.Fn shm_open "const char *path" "int flags" "mode_t mode"
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.Ft int
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.Fn shm_rename "const char *path_from" "const char *path_to" "int flags"
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.Ft int
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.Fn shm_unlink "const char *path"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn shm_open
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system call opens (or optionally creates) a
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POSIX
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shared memory object named
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.Fa path .
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The
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.Fa flags
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argument contains a subset of the flags used by
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.Xr open 2 .
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An access mode of either
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.Dv O_RDONLY
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or
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.Dv O_RDWR
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must be included in
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.Fa flags .
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The optional flags
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.Dv O_CREAT ,
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.Dv O_EXCL ,
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and
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.Dv O_TRUNC
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may also be specified.
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.Pp
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If
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.Dv O_CREAT
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is specified,
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then a new shared memory object named
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.Fa path
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will be created if it does not exist.
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In this case,
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the shared memory object is created with mode
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.Fa mode
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subject to the process' umask value.
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If both the
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.Dv O_CREAT
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and
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.Dv O_EXCL
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flags are specified and a shared memory object named
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.Fa path
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already exists,
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then
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.Fn shm_open
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will fail with
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.Er EEXIST .
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.Pp
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Newly created objects start off with a size of zero.
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If an existing shared memory object is opened with
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.Dv O_RDWR
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and the
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.Dv O_TRUNC
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flag is specified,
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then the shared memory object will be truncated to a size of zero.
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The size of the object can be adjusted via
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.Xr ftruncate 2
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and queried via
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.Xr fstat 2 .
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.Pp
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The new descriptor is set to close during
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.Xr execve 2
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system calls;
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see
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.Xr close 2
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and
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.Xr fcntl 2 .
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.Pp
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As a
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.Fx
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extension, the constant
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.Dv SHM_ANON
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may be used for the
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.Fa path
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argument to
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.Fn shm_open .
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In this case, an anonymous, unnamed shared memory object is created.
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Since the object has no name,
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it cannot be removed via a subsequent call to
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.Fn shm_unlink ,
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or moved with a call to
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.Fn shm_rename .
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Instead,
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the shared memory object will be garbage collected when the last reference to
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the shared memory object is removed.
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The shared memory object may be shared with other processes by sharing the
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file descriptor via
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.Xr fork 2
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or
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.Xr sendmsg 2 .
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Attempting to open an anonymous shared memory object with
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.Dv O_RDONLY
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will fail with
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.Er EINVAL .
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All other flags are ignored.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn shm_rename
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system call atomically removes a shared memory object named
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.Fa path_from
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and relinks it at
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.Fa path_to .
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If another object is already linked at
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.Fa path_to ,
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that object will be unlinked, unless one of the following flags are provided:
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width Er
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.It Er SHM_RENAME_EXCHANGE
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Atomically exchange the shms at
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.Fa path_from
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and
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.Fa path_to .
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.It Er SHM_RENAME_NOREPLACE
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Return an error if an shm exists at
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.Fa path_to ,
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rather than unlinking it.
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.El
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.Fn shm_rename
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is also a
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.Fx
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extension.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn shm_unlink
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system call removes a shared memory object named
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.Fa path .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn memfd_create
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function creates an anonymous shared memory object, identical to that created
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by
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.Fn shm_open
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when
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.Dv SHM_ANON
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is specified.
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Newly created objects start off with a size of zero.
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The size of the new object must be adjusted via
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.Xr ftruncate 2 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fa name
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argument must not be
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.Dv NULL ,
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but it may be an empty string.
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The length of the
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.Fa name
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argument may not exceed
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.Dv NAME_MAX
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minus six characters for the prefix
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.Dq memfd: ,
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which will be prepended.
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The
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.Fa name
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argument is intended solely for debugging purposes and will never be used by the
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kernel to identify a memfd.
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Names are therefore not required to be unique.
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.Pp
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The following
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.Fa flags
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may be specified to
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.Fn memfd_create :
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.Bl -tag -width MFD_ALLOW_SEALING
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.It Dv MFD_CLOEXEC
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Set
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.Dv FD_CLOEXEC
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on the resulting file descriptor.
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.It Dv MFD_ALLOW_SEALING
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Allow adding seals to the resulting file descriptor using the
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.Dv F_ADD_SEALS
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.Xr fcntl 2
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command.
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.It Dv MFD_HUGETLB
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This flag is currently unsupported.
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.El
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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If successful,
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.Fn memfd_create
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and
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.Fn shm_open
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both return a non-negative integer,
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and
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.Fn shm_rename
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and
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.Fn shm_unlink
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return zero.
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All functions return -1 on failure, and set
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.Va errno
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to indicate the error.
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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The
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.Fa path ,
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.Fa path_from ,
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and
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.Fa path_to
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arguments do not necessarily represent a pathname (although they do in
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most other implementations).
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Two processes opening the same
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.Fa path
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are guaranteed to access the same shared memory object if and only if
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.Fa path
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begins with a slash
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.Pq Ql \&/
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character.
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.Pp
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Only the
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.Dv O_RDONLY ,
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.Dv O_RDWR ,
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.Dv O_CREAT ,
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.Dv O_EXCL ,
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and
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.Dv O_TRUNC
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flags may be used in portable programs.
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.Pp
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POSIX
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specifications state that the result of using
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.Xr open 2 ,
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.Xr read 2 ,
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or
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.Xr write 2
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on a shared memory object, or on the descriptor returned by
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.Fn shm_open ,
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is undefined.
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However, the
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.Fx
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kernel implementation explicitly includes support for
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.Xr read 2
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and
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.Xr write 2 .
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.Pp
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.Fx
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also supports zero-copy transmission of data from shared memory
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objects with
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.Xr sendfile 2 .
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.Pp
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Neither shared memory objects nor their contents persist across reboots.
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.Pp
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Writes do not extend shared memory objects, so
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.Xr ftruncate 2
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must be called before any data can be written.
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See
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.Sx EXAMPLES .
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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This example fails without the call to
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.Xr ftruncate 2 :
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.Bd -literal -compact
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uint8_t buffer[getpagesize()];
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ssize_t len;
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int fd;
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fd = shm_open(SHM_ANON, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
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if (fd < 0)
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err(EX_OSERR, "%s: shm_open", __func__);
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if (ftruncate(fd, getpagesize()) < 0)
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err(EX_IOERR, "%s: ftruncate", __func__);
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len = pwrite(fd, buffer, getpagesize(), 0);
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if (len < 0)
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err(EX_IOERR, "%s: pwrite", __func__);
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if (len != getpagesize())
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errx(EX_IOERR, "%s: pwrite length mismatch", __func__);
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.Ed
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.Sh ERRORS
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.Fn memfd_create
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fails with these error codes for these conditions:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EBADF
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The
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.Fa name
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argument was NULL.
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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The
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.Fa name
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argument was too long.
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.Pp
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An invalid or unsupported flag was included in
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.Fa flags .
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.It Bq Er EMFILE
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The process has already reached its limit for open file descriptors.
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.It Bq Er ENFILE
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The system file table is full.
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.It Bq Er ENOSYS
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In
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.Fa memfd_create ,
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.Dv MFD_HUGETLB
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was specified in
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.Fa flags ,
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and this system does not support forced hugetlb mappings.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Fn shm_open
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fails with these error codes for these conditions:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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A flag other than
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.Dv O_RDONLY ,
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.Dv O_RDWR ,
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.Dv O_CREAT ,
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.Dv O_EXCL ,
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or
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.Dv O_TRUNC
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was included in
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.Fa flags .
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.It Bq Er EMFILE
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The process has already reached its limit for open file descriptors.
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.It Bq Er ENFILE
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The system file table is full.
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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.Dv O_RDONLY
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was specified while creating an anonymous shared memory object via
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.Dv SHM_ANON .
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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The
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.Fa path
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argument points outside the process' allocated address space.
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.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
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The entire pathname exceeds 1023 characters.
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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The
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.Fa path
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does not begin with a slash
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.Pq Ql \&/
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character.
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.It Bq Er ENOENT
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.Dv O_CREAT
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is not specified and the named shared memory object does not exist.
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.It Bq Er EEXIST
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.Dv O_CREAT
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and
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.Dv O_EXCL
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are specified and the named shared memory object does exist.
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.It Bq Er EACCES
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The required permissions (for reading or reading and writing) are denied.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following errors are defined for
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.Fn shm_rename :
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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The
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.Fa path_from
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or
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.Fa path_to
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argument points outside the process' allocated address space.
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.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
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The entire pathname exceeds 1023 characters.
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.It Bq Er ENOENT
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The shared memory object at
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.Fa path_from
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does not exist.
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.It Bq Er EACCES
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The required permissions are denied.
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.It Bq Er EEXIST
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An shm exists at
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.Fa path_to ,
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and the
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.Dv SHM_RENAME_NOREPLACE
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flag was provided.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Fn shm_unlink
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fails with these error codes for these conditions:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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The
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.Fa path
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argument points outside the process' allocated address space.
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.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
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The entire pathname exceeds 1023 characters.
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.It Bq Er ENOENT
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The named shared memory object does not exist.
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.It Bq Er EACCES
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The required permissions are denied.
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.Fn shm_unlink
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requires write permission to the shared memory object.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr posixshmcontrol 1 ,
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.Xr close 2 ,
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.Xr fstat 2 ,
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.Xr ftruncate 2 ,
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.Xr mmap 2 ,
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.Xr munmap 2 ,
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.Xr sendfile 2
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Fn memfd_create
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function is expected to be compatible with the Linux system call of the same
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name.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn shm_open
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and
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.Fn shm_unlink
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functions are believed to conform to
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.St -p1003.1b-93 .
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
|
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.Fn memfd_create
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function appeared in
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.Fx 13.0 .
|
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.Pp
|
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The
|
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.Fn shm_open
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and
|
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.Fn shm_unlink
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functions first appeared in
|
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.Fx 4.3 .
|
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The functions were reimplemented as system calls using shared memory objects
|
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directly rather than files in
|
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.Fx 8.0 .
|
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.Pp
|
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.Fn shm_rename
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first appeared in
|
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.Fx 13.0
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as a
|
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.Fx
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extension.
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.Sh AUTHORS
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|
.An Garrett A. Wollman Aq Mt wollman@FreeBSD.org
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(C library support and this manual page)
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.Pp
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.An Matthew Dillon Aq Mt dillon@FreeBSD.org
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.Pq Dv MAP_NOSYNC
|
|
.Pp
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.An Matthew Bryan Aq Mt matthew.bryan@isilon.com
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.Pq Dv shm_rename implementation
|