469 lines
18 KiB
Groff
469 lines
18 KiB
Groff
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "OCSP 1"
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.TH OCSP 1 "2014-06-05" "1.0.1h" "OpenSSL"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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ocsp \- Online Certificate Status Protocol utility
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBocsp\fR
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[\fB\-out file\fR]
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[\fB\-issuer file\fR]
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[\fB\-cert file\fR]
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[\fB\-serial n\fR]
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[\fB\-signer file\fR]
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[\fB\-signkey file\fR]
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[\fB\-sign_other file\fR]
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[\fB\-no_certs\fR]
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[\fB\-req_text\fR]
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[\fB\-resp_text\fR]
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[\fB\-text\fR]
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[\fB\-reqout file\fR]
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[\fB\-respout file\fR]
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[\fB\-reqin file\fR]
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[\fB\-respin file\fR]
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[\fB\-nonce\fR]
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[\fB\-no_nonce\fR]
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[\fB\-url \s-1URL\s0\fR]
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[\fB\-host host:n\fR]
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[\fB\-path\fR]
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[\fB\-CApath dir\fR]
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[\fB\-CAfile file\fR]
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[\fB\-VAfile file\fR]
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[\fB\-validity_period n\fR]
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[\fB\-status_age n\fR]
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[\fB\-noverify\fR]
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[\fB\-verify_other file\fR]
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[\fB\-trust_other\fR]
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[\fB\-no_intern\fR]
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[\fB\-no_signature_verify\fR]
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[\fB\-no_cert_verify\fR]
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[\fB\-no_chain\fR]
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[\fB\-no_cert_checks\fR]
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[\fB\-port num\fR]
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[\fB\-index file\fR]
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[\fB\-CA file\fR]
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[\fB\-rsigner file\fR]
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[\fB\-rkey file\fR]
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[\fB\-rother file\fR]
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[\fB\-resp_no_certs\fR]
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[\fB\-nmin n\fR]
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[\fB\-ndays n\fR]
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[\fB\-resp_key_id\fR]
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[\fB\-nrequest n\fR]
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[\fB\-md5|\-sha1|...\fR]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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The Online Certificate Status Protocol (\s-1OCSP\s0) enables applications to
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determine the (revocation) state of an identified certificate (\s-1RFC\s0 2560).
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.PP
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The \fBocsp\fR command performs many common \s-1OCSP\s0 tasks. It can be used
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to print out requests and responses, create requests and send queries
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to an \s-1OCSP\s0 responder and behave like a mini \s-1OCSP\s0 server itself.
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.SH "OCSP CLIENT OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OCSP CLIENT OPTIONS"
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.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-out filename"
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specify output filename, default is standard output.
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.IP "\fB\-issuer filename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-issuer filename"
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This specifies the current issuer certificate. This option can be used
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multiple times. The certificate specified in \fBfilename\fR must be in
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\&\s-1PEM\s0 format. This option \fB\s-1MUST\s0\fR come before any \fB\-cert\fR options.
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.IP "\fB\-cert filename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-cert filename"
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Add the certificate \fBfilename\fR to the request. The issuer certificate
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is taken from the previous \fBissuer\fR option, or an error occurs if no
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issuer certificate is specified.
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.IP "\fB\-serial num\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-serial num"
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Same as the \fBcert\fR option except the certificate with serial number
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\&\fBnum\fR is added to the request. The serial number is interpreted as a
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decimal integer unless preceded by \fB0x\fR. Negative integers can also
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be specified by preceding the value by a \fB\-\fR sign.
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.IP "\fB\-signer filename\fR, \fB\-signkey filename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-signer filename, -signkey filename"
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Sign the \s-1OCSP\s0 request using the certificate specified in the \fBsigner\fR
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option and the private key specified by the \fBsignkey\fR option. If
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the \fBsignkey\fR option is not present then the private key is read
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from the same file as the certificate. If neither option is specified then
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the \s-1OCSP\s0 request is not signed.
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.IP "\fB\-sign_other filename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-sign_other filename"
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Additional certificates to include in the signed request.
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.IP "\fB\-nonce\fR, \fB\-no_nonce\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-nonce, -no_nonce"
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Add an \s-1OCSP\s0 nonce extension to a request or disable \s-1OCSP\s0 nonce addition.
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Normally if an \s-1OCSP\s0 request is input using the \fBrespin\fR option no
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nonce is added: using the \fBnonce\fR option will force addition of a nonce.
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If an \s-1OCSP\s0 request is being created (using \fBcert\fR and \fBserial\fR options)
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a nonce is automatically added specifying \fBno_nonce\fR overrides this.
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.IP "\fB\-req_text\fR, \fB\-resp_text\fR, \fB\-text\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-req_text, -resp_text, -text"
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print out the text form of the \s-1OCSP\s0 request, response or both respectively.
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.IP "\fB\-reqout file\fR, \fB\-respout file\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-reqout file, -respout file"
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write out the \s-1DER\s0 encoded certificate request or response to \fBfile\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-reqin file\fR, \fB\-respin file\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-reqin file, -respin file"
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read \s-1OCSP\s0 request or response file from \fBfile\fR. These option are ignored
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if \s-1OCSP\s0 request or response creation is implied by other options (for example
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with \fBserial\fR, \fBcert\fR and \fBhost\fR options).
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.IP "\fB\-url responder_url\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-url responder_url"
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specify the responder \s-1URL\s0. Both \s-1HTTP\s0 and \s-1HTTPS\s0 (\s-1SSL/TLS\s0) URLs can be specified.
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.IP "\fB\-host hostname:port\fR, \fB\-path pathname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-host hostname:port, -path pathname"
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if the \fBhost\fR option is present then the \s-1OCSP\s0 request is sent to the host
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\&\fBhostname\fR on port \fBport\fR. \fBpath\fR specifies the \s-1HTTP\s0 path name to use
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or \*(L"/\*(R" by default.
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.IP "\fB\-CAfile file\fR, \fB\-CApath pathname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-CAfile file, -CApath pathname"
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file or pathname containing trusted \s-1CA\s0 certificates. These are used to verify
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the signature on the \s-1OCSP\s0 response.
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.IP "\fB\-verify_other file\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-verify_other file"
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file containing additional certificates to search when attempting to locate
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the \s-1OCSP\s0 response signing certificate. Some responders omit the actual signer's
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certificate from the response: this option can be used to supply the necessary
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certificate in such cases.
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.IP "\fB\-trust_other\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-trust_other"
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the certificates specified by the \fB\-verify_other\fR option should be explicitly
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trusted and no additional checks will be performed on them. This is useful
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when the complete responder certificate chain is not available or trusting a
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root \s-1CA\s0 is not appropriate.
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.IP "\fB\-VAfile file\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-VAfile file"
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file containing explicitly trusted responder certificates. Equivalent to the
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\&\fB\-verify_other\fR and \fB\-trust_other\fR options.
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.IP "\fB\-noverify\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-noverify"
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don't attempt to verify the \s-1OCSP\s0 response signature or the nonce values. This
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option will normally only be used for debugging since it disables all verification
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of the responders certificate.
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.IP "\fB\-no_intern\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-no_intern"
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ignore certificates contained in the \s-1OCSP\s0 response when searching for the
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signers certificate. With this option the signers certificate must be specified
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with either the \fB\-verify_other\fR or \fB\-VAfile\fR options.
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.IP "\fB\-no_signature_verify\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-no_signature_verify"
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don't check the signature on the \s-1OCSP\s0 response. Since this option tolerates invalid
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signatures on \s-1OCSP\s0 responses it will normally only be used for testing purposes.
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.IP "\fB\-no_cert_verify\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-no_cert_verify"
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don't verify the \s-1OCSP\s0 response signers certificate at all. Since this option allows
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the \s-1OCSP\s0 response to be signed by any certificate it should only be used for
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testing purposes.
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.IP "\fB\-no_chain\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-no_chain"
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do not use certificates in the response as additional untrusted \s-1CA\s0
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certificates.
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.IP "\fB\-no_cert_checks\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-no_cert_checks"
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don't perform any additional checks on the \s-1OCSP\s0 response signers certificate.
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That is do not make any checks to see if the signers certificate is authorised
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to provide the necessary status information: as a result this option should
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only be used for testing purposes.
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.IP "\fB\-validity_period nsec\fR, \fB\-status_age age\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-validity_period nsec, -status_age age"
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these options specify the range of times, in seconds, which will be tolerated
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in an \s-1OCSP\s0 response. Each certificate status response includes a \fBnotBefore\fR time and
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an optional \fBnotAfter\fR time. The current time should fall between these two values, but
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the interval between the two times may be only a few seconds. In practice the \s-1OCSP\s0
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responder and clients clocks may not be precisely synchronised and so such a check
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may fail. To avoid this the \fB\-validity_period\fR option can be used to specify an
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acceptable error range in seconds, the default value is 5 minutes.
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.Sp
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If the \fBnotAfter\fR time is omitted from a response then this means that new status
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information is immediately available. In this case the age of the \fBnotBefore\fR field
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is checked to see it is not older than \fBage\fR seconds old. By default this additional
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check is not performed.
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.IP "\fB\-md5|\-sha1|\-sha256|\-ripemod160|...\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-md5|-sha1|-sha256|-ripemod160|..."
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this option sets digest algorithm to use for certificate identification
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in the \s-1OCSP\s0 request. By default \s-1SHA\-1\s0 is used.
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.SH "OCSP SERVER OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OCSP SERVER OPTIONS"
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.IP "\fB\-index indexfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-index indexfile"
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\&\fBindexfile\fR is a text index file in \fBca\fR format containing certificate revocation
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information.
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.Sp
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If the \fBindex\fR option is specified the \fBocsp\fR utility is in responder mode, otherwise
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it is in client mode. The request(s) the responder processes can be either specified on
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the command line (using \fBissuer\fR and \fBserial\fR options), supplied in a file (using the
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\&\fBrespin\fR option) or via external \s-1OCSP\s0 clients (if \fBport\fR or \fBurl\fR is specified).
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.Sp
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If the \fBindex\fR option is present then the \fB\s-1CA\s0\fR and \fBrsigner\fR options must also be
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present.
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.IP "\fB\-CA file\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-CA file"
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\&\s-1CA\s0 certificate corresponding to the revocation information in \fBindexfile\fR.
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.IP "\fB\-rsigner file\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-rsigner file"
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The certificate to sign \s-1OCSP\s0 responses with.
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.IP "\fB\-rother file\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-rother file"
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Additional certificates to include in the \s-1OCSP\s0 response.
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.IP "\fB\-resp_no_certs\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-resp_no_certs"
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Don't include any certificates in the \s-1OCSP\s0 response.
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.IP "\fB\-resp_key_id\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-resp_key_id"
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Identify the signer certificate using the key \s-1ID\s0, default is to use the subject name.
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.IP "\fB\-rkey file\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-rkey file"
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The private key to sign \s-1OCSP\s0 responses with: if not present the file specified in the
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\&\fBrsigner\fR option is used.
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.IP "\fB\-port portnum\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-port portnum"
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Port to listen for \s-1OCSP\s0 requests on. The port may also be specified using the \fBurl\fR
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option.
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.IP "\fB\-nrequest number\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-nrequest number"
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The \s-1OCSP\s0 server will exit after receiving \fBnumber\fR requests, default unlimited.
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.IP "\fB\-nmin minutes\fR, \fB\-ndays days\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-nmin minutes, -ndays days"
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Number of minutes or days when fresh revocation information is available: used in the
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\&\fBnextUpdate\fR field. If neither option is present then the \fBnextUpdate\fR field is
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omitted meaning fresh revocation information is immediately available.
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.SH "OCSP Response verification."
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.IX Header "OCSP Response verification."
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\&\s-1OCSP\s0 Response follows the rules specified in \s-1RFC2560\s0.
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.PP
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Initially the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder certificate is located and the signature on
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the \s-1OCSP\s0 request checked using the responder certificate's public key.
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.PP
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Then a normal certificate verify is performed on the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder certificate
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building up a certificate chain in the process. The locations of the trusted
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certificates used to build the chain can be specified by the \fBCAfile\fR
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and \fBCApath\fR options or they will be looked for in the standard OpenSSL
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certificates directory.
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.PP
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If the initial verify fails then the \s-1OCSP\s0 verify process halts with an
|
|
error.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Otherwise the issuing \s-1CA\s0 certificate in the request is compared to the \s-1OCSP\s0
|
|
responder certificate: if there is a match then the \s-1OCSP\s0 verify succeeds.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Otherwise the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder certificate's \s-1CA\s0 is checked against the issuing
|
|
\&\s-1CA\s0 certificate in the request. If there is a match and the OCSPSigning
|
|
extended key usage is present in the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder certificate then the
|
|
\&\s-1OCSP\s0 verify succeeds.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Otherwise the root \s-1CA\s0 of the \s-1OCSP\s0 responders \s-1CA\s0 is checked to see if it
|
|
is trusted for \s-1OCSP\s0 signing. If it is the \s-1OCSP\s0 verify succeeds.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If none of these checks is successful then the \s-1OCSP\s0 verify fails.
|
|
.PP
|
|
What this effectively means if that if the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder certificate is
|
|
authorised directly by the \s-1CA\s0 it is issuing revocation information about
|
|
(and it is correctly configured) then verification will succeed.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the \s-1OCSP\s0 responder is a \*(L"global responder\*(R" which can give details about
|
|
multiple CAs and has its own separate certificate chain then its root
|
|
\&\s-1CA\s0 can be trusted for \s-1OCSP\s0 signing. For example:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl x509 \-in ocspCA.pem \-addtrust OCSPSigning \-out trustedCA.pem
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Alternatively the responder certificate itself can be explicitly trusted
|
|
with the \fB\-VAfile\fR option.
|
|
.SH "NOTES"
|
|
.IX Header "NOTES"
|
|
As noted, most of the verify options are for testing or debugging purposes.
|
|
Normally only the \fB\-CApath\fR, \fB\-CAfile\fR and (if the responder is a 'global
|
|
\&\s-1VA\s0') \fB\-VAfile\fR options need to be used.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The \s-1OCSP\s0 server is only useful for test and demonstration purposes: it is
|
|
not really usable as a full \s-1OCSP\s0 responder. It contains only a very
|
|
simple \s-1HTTP\s0 request handling and can only handle the \s-1POST\s0 form of \s-1OCSP\s0
|
|
queries. It also handles requests serially meaning it cannot respond to
|
|
new requests until it has processed the current one. The text index file
|
|
format of revocation is also inefficient for large quantities of revocation
|
|
data.
|
|
.PP
|
|
It is possible to run the \fBocsp\fR application in responder mode via a \s-1CGI\s0
|
|
script using the \fBrespin\fR and \fBrespout\fR options.
|
|
.SH "EXAMPLES"
|
|
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
|
|
Create an \s-1OCSP\s0 request and write it to a file:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl ocsp \-issuer issuer.pem \-cert c1.pem \-cert c2.pem \-reqout req.der
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Send a query to an \s-1OCSP\s0 responder with \s-1URL\s0 http://ocsp.myhost.com/ save the
|
|
response to a file and print it out in text form
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl ocsp \-issuer issuer.pem \-cert c1.pem \-cert c2.pem \e
|
|
\& \-url http://ocsp.myhost.com/ \-resp_text \-respout resp.der
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Read in an \s-1OCSP\s0 response and print out text form:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl ocsp \-respin resp.der \-text
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
\&\s-1OCSP\s0 server on port 8888 using a standard \fBca\fR configuration, and a separate
|
|
responder certificate. All requests and responses are printed to a file.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl ocsp \-index demoCA/index.txt \-port 8888 \-rsigner rcert.pem \-CA demoCA/cacert.pem
|
|
\& \-text \-out log.txt
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
As above but exit after processing one request:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl ocsp \-index demoCA/index.txt \-port 8888 \-rsigner rcert.pem \-CA demoCA/cacert.pem
|
|
\& \-nrequest 1
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Query status information using internally generated request:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl ocsp \-index demoCA/index.txt \-rsigner rcert.pem \-CA demoCA/cacert.pem
|
|
\& \-issuer demoCA/cacert.pem \-serial 1
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Query status information using request read from a file, write response to a
|
|
second file.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl ocsp \-index demoCA/index.txt \-rsigner rcert.pem \-CA demoCA/cacert.pem
|
|
\& \-reqin req.der \-respout resp.der
|
|
.Ve
|