c066c68c57
The initial work on bhyve NVMe device emulation was done by the GSoC student
Shunsuke Mie and was heavily modified in performan, functionality and
guest support by Leon Dang.
bhyve:
-s <n>,nvme,devpath,maxq=#,qsz=#,ioslots=#,sectsz=#,ser=A-Z
accepted devpath:
/dev/blockdev
/path/to/image
ram=size_in_MiB
Tested with guest OS: FreeBSD Head, Linux Fedora fc27, Ubuntu 18.04,
OpenSuse 15.0, Windows Server 2016 Datacenter.
Tested with all accepted device paths: Real nvme, zdev and also with ram.
Tested on: AMD Ryzen Threadripper 1950X 16-Core Processor and
Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2609 v2 @ 2.50GHz.
Tests at: https://people.freebsd.org/~araujo/bhyve_nvme/nvme.txt
Submitted by: Shunsuke Mie <sux2mfgj_gmail.com>,
Leon Dang <leon_digitalmsx.com>
Reviewed by: chuck (early version), grehan
Relnotes: Yes
Sponsored by: iXsystems Inc.
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14022
597 lines
16 KiB
Groff
597 lines
16 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2013 Peter Grehan
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd Jul 05, 2018
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.Dt BHYVE 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm bhyve
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.Nd "run a guest operating system inside a virtual machine"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl abehuwxACHPSWY
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.Oo
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.Fl c\~ Ns
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.Oo
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.Op Ar cpus= Ns
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.Ar numcpus Ns
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.Oc Ns
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.Op Ar ,sockets=n Ns
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.Op Ar ,cores=n Ns
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.Op Ar ,threads=n
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.Oc
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.Op Fl g Ar gdbport
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.Op Fl l Ar lpcdev Ns Op , Ns Ar conf
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.Op Fl m Ar memsize Ns Op Ar K|k|M|m|G|g|T|t
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.Op Fl p Ar vcpu:hostcpu
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.Op Fl s Ar slot,emulation Ns Op , Ns Ar conf
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.Op Fl G Ar port
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.Op Fl U Ar uuid
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.Ar vmname
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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is a hypervisor that runs guest operating systems inside a
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virtual machine.
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.Pp
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Parameters such as the number of virtual CPUs, amount of guest memory, and
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I/O connectivity can be specified with command-line parameters.
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.Pp
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If not using a boot ROM, the guest operating system must be loaded with
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.Xr bhyveload 8
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or a similar boot loader before running
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.Nm ,
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otherwise, it is enough to run
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.Nm
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with a boot ROM of choice.
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.Pp
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.Nm
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runs until the guest operating system reboots or an unhandled hypervisor
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exit is detected.
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.Sh OPTIONS
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Fl a
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The guest's local APIC is configured in xAPIC mode.
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The xAPIC mode is the default setting so this option is redundant.
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It will be deprecated in a future version.
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.It Fl A
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Generate ACPI tables.
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Required for
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.Fx Ns /amd64
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guests.
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.It Fl b
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Enable a low-level console device supported by
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.Fx
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kernels compiled with
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.Cd "device bvmconsole" .
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This option will be deprecated in a future version.
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.It Fl c Op Ar setting ...
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Number of guest virtual CPUs
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and/or the CPU topology.
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The default value for each of
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.Ar numcpus ,
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.Ar sockets ,
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.Ar cores ,
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and
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.Ar threads
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is 1.
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The current maximum number of guest virtual CPUs is 16.
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If
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.Ar numcpus
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is not specified then it will be calculated from the other arguments.
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The topology must be consistent in that the
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.Ar numcpus
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must equal the product of
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.Ar sockets ,
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.Ar cores ,
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and
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.Ar threads .
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If a
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.Ar setting
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is specified more than once the last one has precedence.
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.It Fl C
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Include guest memory in core file.
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.It Fl e
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Force
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.Nm
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to exit when a guest issues an access to an I/O port that is not emulated.
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This is intended for debug purposes.
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.It Fl g Ar gdbport
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For
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.Fx
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kernels compiled with
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.Cd "device bvmdebug" ,
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allow a remote kernel kgdb to be relayed to the guest kernel gdb stub
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via a local IPv4 address and this port.
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This option will be deprecated in a future version.
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.It Fl G Ar port
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Start a debug server that uses the GDB protocol to export guest state to a
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debugger.
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An IPv4 TCP socket will be bound to the supplied
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.Ar port
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to listen for debugger connections.
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Only a single debugger may be attached to the debug server at a time.
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If
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.Ar port
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begins with
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.Sq w ,
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.Nm
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will pause execution at the first instruction waiting for a debugger to attach.
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.It Fl h
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Print help message and exit.
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.It Fl H
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Yield the virtual CPU thread when a HLT instruction is detected.
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If this option is not specified, virtual CPUs will use 100% of a host CPU.
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.It Fl l Ar lpcdev Ns Op , Ns Ar conf
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Allow devices behind the LPC PCI-ISA bridge to be configured.
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The only supported devices are the TTY-class devices
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.Ar com1
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and
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.Ar com2
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and the boot ROM device
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.Ar bootrom .
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.It Fl m Ar memsize Ns Op Ar K|k|M|m|G|g|T|t
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Guest physical memory size in bytes.
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This must be the same size that was given to
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.Xr bhyveload 8 .
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.Pp
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The size argument may be suffixed with one of K, M, G or T (either upper
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or lower case) to indicate a multiple of kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes,
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or terabytes.
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If no suffix is given, the value is assumed to be in megabytes.
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.Pp
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.Ar memsize
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defaults to 256M.
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.It Fl p Ar vcpu:hostcpu
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Pin guest's virtual CPU
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.Em vcpu
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to
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.Em hostcpu .
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.It Fl P
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Force the guest virtual CPU to exit when a PAUSE instruction is detected.
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.It Fl s Ar slot,emulation Ns Op , Ns Ar conf
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Configure a virtual PCI slot and function.
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.Pp
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.Nm
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provides PCI bus emulation and virtual devices that can be attached to
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slots on the bus.
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There are 32 available slots, with the option of providing up to 8 functions
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per slot.
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Ar slot
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.Ar pcislot[:function]
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.Ar bus:pcislot:function
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar pcislot
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value is 0 to 31.
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The optional
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.Ar function
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value is 0 to 7.
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The optional
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.Ar bus
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value is 0 to 255.
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If not specified, the
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.Ar function
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value defaults to 0.
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If not specified, the
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.Ar bus
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value defaults to 0.
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.It Ar emulation
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Li hostbridge | Li amd_hostbridge
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.Pp
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Provide a simple host bridge.
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This is usually configured at slot 0, and is required by most guest
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operating systems.
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The
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.Li amd_hostbridge
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emulation is identical but uses a PCI vendor ID of
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.Li AMD .
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.It Li passthru
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PCI pass-through device.
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.It Li virtio-net
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Virtio network interface.
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.It Li virtio-blk
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Virtio block storage interface.
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.It Li virtio-scsi
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Virtio SCSI interface.
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.It Li virtio-rnd
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Virtio RNG interface.
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.It Li virtio-console
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Virtio console interface, which exposes multiple ports
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to the guest in the form of simple char devices for simple IO
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between the guest and host userspaces.
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.It Li ahci
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AHCI controller attached to arbitrary devices.
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.It Li ahci-cd
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AHCI controller attached to an ATAPI CD/DVD.
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.It Li ahci-hd
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AHCI controller attached to a SATA hard-drive.
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.It Li e1000
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Intel e82545 network interface.
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.It Li uart
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PCI 16550 serial device.
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.It Li lpc
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LPC PCI-ISA bridge with COM1 and COM2 16550 serial ports and a boot ROM.
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The LPC bridge emulation can only be configured on bus 0.
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.It Li fbuf
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Raw framebuffer device attached to VNC server.
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.It Li xhci
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eXtensible Host Controller Interface (xHCI) USB controller.
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.It Li nvme
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NVM Express (NVMe) controller.
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.El
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.It Op Ar conf
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This optional parameter describes the backend for device emulations.
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If
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.Ar conf
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is not specified, the device emulation has no backend and can be
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considered unconnected.
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.Pp
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Network devices:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Ar tapN Ns Op , Ns Ar mac=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
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.It Ar vmnetN Ns Op , Ns Ar mac=xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
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.Pp
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If
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.Ar mac
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is not specified, the MAC address is derived from a fixed OUI and the
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remaining bytes from an MD5 hash of the slot and function numbers and
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the device name.
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.Pp
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The MAC address is an ASCII string in
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.Xr ethers 5
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format.
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.El
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.Pp
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Block storage devices:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Pa /filename Ns Oo , Ns Ar block-device-options Oc
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.It Pa /dev/xxx Ns Oo , Ns Ar block-device-options Oc
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar block-device-options
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are:
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.Bl -tag -width 8n
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.It Li nocache
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Open the file with
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.Dv O_DIRECT .
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.It Li direct
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Open the file using
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.Dv O_SYNC .
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.It Li ro
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Force the file to be opened read-only.
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.It Li sectorsize= Ns Ar logical Ns Oo / Ns Ar physical Oc
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Specify the logical and physical sector sizes of the emulated disk.
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The physical sector size is optional and is equal to the logical sector size
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if not explicitly specified.
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.El
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.Pp
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SCSI devices:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Pa /dev/cam/ Ns Oo , Ns Ar port and initiator_id Oc
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.El
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.Pp
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TTY devices:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Li stdio
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Connect the serial port to the standard input and output of
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the
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.Nm
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process.
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.It Pa /dev/xxx
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Use the host TTY device for serial port I/O.
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.El
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.Pp
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Boot ROM device:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Pa romfile
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Map
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.Ar romfile
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in the guest address space reserved for boot firmware.
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.El
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.Pp
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Pass-through devices:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Ns Ar slot Ns / Ns Ar bus Ns / Ns Ar function
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Connect to a PCI device on the host at the selector described by
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.Ar slot ,
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.Ar bus ,
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and
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.Ar function
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numbers.
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.El
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.Pp
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Guest memory must be wired using the
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.Fl S
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option when a pass-through device is configured.
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.Pp
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The host device must have been reserved at boot-time using the
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.Va pptdev
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loader variable as described in
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.Xr vmm 4 .
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.Pp
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Virtio console devices:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Li port1= Ns Pa /path/to/port1.sock Ns ,anotherport= Ns Pa ...
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A maximum of 16 ports per device can be created.
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Every port is named and corresponds to a Unix domain socket created by
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.Nm .
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.Nm
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accepts at most one connection per port at a time.
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.Pp
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Limitations:
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.Bl -bullet -offset 2n
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.It
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Due to lack of destructors in
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.Nm ,
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sockets on the filesystem must be cleaned up manually after
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.Nm
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exits.
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.It
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There is no way to use the "console port" feature, nor the console port
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resize at present.
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.It
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Emergency write is advertised, but no-op at present.
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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Framebuffer devices:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Oo rfb= Ns Oo Ar IP: Oc Ns Ar port Oc Ns Oo ,w= Ns Ar width Oc Ns Oo ,h= Ns Ar height Oc Ns Oo ,vga= Ns Ar vgaconf Oc Ns Oo Ns ,wait Oc Ns Oo ,password= Ns Ar password Oc
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.Bl -tag -width 8n
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.It Ar IP:port
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An
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.Ar IP
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address and a
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.Ar port
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VNC should listen on.
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The default is to listen on localhost IPv4 address and default VNC port 5900.
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Listening on an IPv6 address is not supported.
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.It Ar width No and Ar height
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A display resolution, width and height, respectively.
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If not specified, a default resolution of 1024x768 pixels will be used.
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Minimal supported resolution is 640x480 pixels,
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and maximum is 1920x1200 pixels.
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.It Ar vgaconf
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Possible values for this option are
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.Dq io
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(default),
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.Dq on
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, and
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.Dq off .
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PCI graphics cards have a dual personality in that they are
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standard PCI devices with BAR addressing, but may also
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implicitly decode legacy VGA I/O space
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.Pq Ad 0x3c0-3df
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and memory space
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.Pq 64KB at Ad 0xA0000 .
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The default
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.Dq io
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option should be used for guests that attempt to issue BIOS
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calls which result in I/O port queries, and fail to boot if I/O decode is disabled.
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.Pp
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The
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.Dq on
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option should be used along with the CSM BIOS capability in UEFI
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to boot traditional BIOS guests that require the legacy VGA I/O and
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memory regions to be available.
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.Pp
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The
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.Dq off
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option should be used for the UEFI guests that assume that
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VGA adapter is present if they detect the I/O ports.
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An example of such a guest is
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.Ox
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in UEFI mode.
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.Pp
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Please refer to the
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.Nm
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.Fx
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wiki page
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.Pq Lk https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve
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for configuration notes of particular guests.
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.It wait
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Instruct
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.Nm
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to only boot upon the initiation of a VNC connection, simplifying the installation
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of operating systems that require immediate keyboard input.
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This can be removed for post-installation use.
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.It password
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This type of authentication is known to be cryptographically weak and is not
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intended for use on untrusted networks.
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Many implementations will want to use stronger security, such as running
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the session over an encrypted channel provided by IPsec or SSH.
|
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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xHCI USB devices:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Li tablet
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A USB tablet device which provides precise cursor synchronization
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when using VNC.
|
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.El
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.Pp
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NVMe devices:
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.Bl -tag -width 10n
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.It Li devpath
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Accepted device paths are:
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.Ar /dev/blockdev
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or
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.Ar /path/to/image
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or
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.Ar ram=size_in_MiB .
|
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.It Li maxq
|
|
Max number of queues.
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.It Li qsz
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|
Max elements in each queue.
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.It Li ioslots
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Max number of concurrent I/O requests.
|
|
.It Li sectsz
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|
Sector size (defaults to blockif sector size).
|
|
.It Li ser
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Serial number with maximum 20 characters.
|
|
.El
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|
.El
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|
.It Fl S
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|
Wire guest memory.
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|
.It Fl u
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RTC keeps UTC time.
|
|
.It Fl U Ar uuid
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|
Set the universally unique identifier
|
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.Pq UUID
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|
in the guest's System Management BIOS System Information structure.
|
|
By default a UUID is generated from the host's hostname and
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.Ar vmname .
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.It Fl w
|
|
Ignore accesses to unimplemented Model Specific Registers (MSRs).
|
|
This is intended for debug purposes.
|
|
.It Fl W
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|
Force virtio PCI device emulations to use MSI interrupts instead of MSI-X
|
|
interrupts.
|
|
.It Fl x
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|
The guest's local APIC is configured in x2APIC mode.
|
|
.It Fl Y
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|
Disable MPtable generation.
|
|
.It Ar vmname
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|
Alphanumeric name of the guest.
|
|
This should be the same as that created by
|
|
.Xr bhyveload 8 .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh DEBUG SERVER
|
|
The current debug server provides limited support for debuggers.
|
|
.Ss Registers
|
|
Each virtual CPU is exposed to the debugger as a thread.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
General purpose registers can be queried for each virtual CPU, but other
|
|
registers such as floating-point and system registers cannot be queried.
|
|
.Ss Memory
|
|
Memory (including memory mapped I/O regions) can be read by the debugger,
|
|
but not written. Memory operations use virtual addresses that are resolved
|
|
to physical addresses via the current virtual CPU's active address translation.
|
|
.Ss Control
|
|
The running guest can be interrupted by the debugger at any time
|
|
.Pq for example, by pressing Ctrl-C in the debugger .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Single stepping is only supported on Intel CPUs supporting the MTRAP VM exit.
|
|
.Pp
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|
Breakpoints are not supported.
|
|
.Sh SIGNAL HANDLING
|
|
.Nm
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|
deals with the following signals:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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|
.It SIGTERM
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|
Trigger ACPI poweroff for a VM
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXIT STATUS
|
|
Exit status indicates how the VM was terminated:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
|
|
.It 0
|
|
rebooted
|
|
.It 1
|
|
powered off
|
|
.It 2
|
|
halted
|
|
.It 3
|
|
triple fault
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
If not using a boot ROM, the guest operating system must have been loaded with
|
|
.Xr bhyveload 8
|
|
or a similar boot loader before
|
|
.Xr bhyve 4
|
|
can be run.
|
|
Otherwise, the boot loader is not needed.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To run a virtual machine with 1GB of memory, two virtual CPUs, a virtio
|
|
block device backed by the
|
|
.Pa /my/image
|
|
filesystem image, and a serial port for the console:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
bhyve -c 2 -s 0,hostbridge -s 1,lpc -s 2,virtio-blk,/my/image \\
|
|
-l com1,stdio -A -H -P -m 1G vm1
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Run a 24GB single-CPU virtual machine with three network ports, one of which
|
|
has a MAC address specified:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
bhyve -s 0,hostbridge -s 1,lpc -s 2:0,virtio-net,tap0 \\
|
|
-s 2:1,virtio-net,tap1 \\
|
|
-s 2:2,virtio-net,tap2,mac=00:be:fa:76:45:00 \\
|
|
-s 3,virtio-blk,/my/image -l com1,stdio \\
|
|
-A -H -P -m 24G bigvm
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Run an 8GB quad-CPU virtual machine with 8 AHCI SATA disks, an AHCI ATAPI
|
|
CD-ROM, a single virtio network port, an AMD hostbridge, and the console
|
|
port connected to an
|
|
.Xr nmdm 4
|
|
null-modem device.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
bhyve -c 4 \\
|
|
-s 0,amd_hostbridge -s 1,lpc \\
|
|
-s 1:0,ahci,hd:/images/disk.1,hd:/images/disk.2,\\
|
|
hd:/images/disk.3,hd:/images/disk.4,\\
|
|
hd:/images/disk.5,hd:/images/disk.6,\\
|
|
hd:/images/disk.7,hd:/images/disk.8,\\
|
|
cd:/images/install.iso \\
|
|
-s 3,virtio-net,tap0 \\
|
|
-l com1,/dev/nmdm0A \\
|
|
-A -H -P -m 8G
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Run a UEFI virtual machine with a display resolution of 800 by 600 pixels
|
|
that can be accessed via VNC at: 0.0.0.0:5900.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
bhyve -c 2 -m 4G -w -H \\
|
|
-s 0,hostbridge \\
|
|
-s 3,ahci-cd,/path/to/uefi-OS-install.iso \\
|
|
-s 4,ahci-hd,disk.img \\
|
|
-s 5,virtio-net,tap0 \\
|
|
-s 29,fbuf,tcp=0.0.0.0:5900,w=800,h=600,wait \\
|
|
-s 30,xhci,tablet \\
|
|
-s 31,lpc -l com1,stdio \\
|
|
-l bootrom,/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd \\
|
|
uefivm
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr bhyve 4 ,
|
|
.Xr nmdm 4 ,
|
|
.Xr vmm 4 ,
|
|
.Xr ethers 5 ,
|
|
.Xr bhyvectl 8 ,
|
|
.Xr bhyveload 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
.Nm
|
|
first appeared in
|
|
.Fx 10.0 .
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An Neel Natu Aq Mt neel@freebsd.org
|
|
.An Peter Grehan Aq Mt grehan@freebsd.org
|