424 lines
15 KiB
Groff
424 lines
15 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
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.\"
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.Dd December 30, 1993
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.Dt SYSTAT 1
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.Os BSD 4.3
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm systat
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.Nd display system statistics on a crt
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm systat
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.Op Fl display
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.Op Ar refresh-interval
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Systat
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displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
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using the curses screen display library,
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.Xr curses 3 .
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.Pp
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While
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.Nm systat
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is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
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is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
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upper window depicts the current system load average. The
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information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
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user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user
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input and error messages.
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.Pp
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By default
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.Nm systat
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displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
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in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk
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.Tn I/O
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statistics (a la
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.Xr iostat 1 ) ,
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virtual memory statistics (a la
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.Xr vmstat 1 ) ,
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network ``mbuf'' utilization, and network connections (a la
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.Xr netstat 1 ) .
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.Pp
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Input is interpreted at two different levels.
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A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
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If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
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input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This
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allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
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.Pp
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Command line options:
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.Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
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.It Fl Ns Ar display
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The
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.Fl
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flag expects
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.Ar display
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to be one of:
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.Ic pigs ,
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.Ic iostat ,
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.Ic swap ,
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.Ic mbufs ,
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.Ic vmstat
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or
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.Ic netstat .
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These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
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.Dq Fl )
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and are described in
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full detail below.
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.It Ar refresh-interval
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The
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.Ar refresh-value
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specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
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.El
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.Pp
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Certain characters cause immediate action by
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.Nm systat .
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These are
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Ic \&^L
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Refresh the screen.
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.It Ic \&^G
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Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
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the lower window and the refresh interval.
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.It Ic \&^Z
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Stop
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.Nm systat .
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.It Ic \&:
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Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
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line typed as a command. While entering a command the
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current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
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may be used.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
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command interpreter.
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Ic help
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Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
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.It Ic load
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Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
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on the command line.
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.It Ic stop
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Stop refreshing the screen.
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.It Xo
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.Op Ic start
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.Op Ar number
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.Xc
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Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric,
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argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
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(in seconds).
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Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
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value.
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.It Ic quit
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Exit
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.Nm systat .
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(This may be abbreviated to
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.Ic q . )
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.El
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.Pp
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The available displays are:
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.Bl -tag -width Ic
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.It Ic pigs
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Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
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memory and getting the
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largest portion of the processor (the default display).
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When less than 100% of the
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processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
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is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
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.It Ic iostat
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Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
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and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as
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bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
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in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
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system mode (``system''), and idle (``idle''). Statistics
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on disk throughput show, for each drive, kilobytes of data transferred,
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number of disk transactions performed, and average seek time
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(in milliseconds). This information may be displayed as
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bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar
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graphs are shown by default;
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.Pp
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The following commands are specific to the
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.Ic iostat
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display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Cm numbers
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Show the disk
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.Tn I/O
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statistics in numeric form. Values are
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displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
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.It Cm bars
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Show the disk
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.Tn I/O
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statistics in bar graph form (default).
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.It Cm msps
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Toggle the display of average seek time (the default is to
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not display seek times).
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.El
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.It Ic swap
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Show information about swap space usage on all the
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swap areas compiled into the kernel.
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The first column is the device name of the partition.
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The next column is the total space available in the partition.
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The
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.Ar Used
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column indicates the total blocks used so far;
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the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
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If there are more than one swap partition in use,
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a total line is also shown.
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Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
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.It Ic mbufs
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Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
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for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
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.It Ic vmstat
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Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
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of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
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device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk
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.Tn I/O
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etc.
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.Pp
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The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
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of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
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and fifteen minute intervals.
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Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
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The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
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active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
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twenty seconds.
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The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
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The first column reports on the number of physical pages
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claimed by processes.
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The second column reports the number of physical pages that
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are devoted to read only text pages.
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The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
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virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
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needed if all processes had all of their pages.
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Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages
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on the free list.
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.Pp
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Below the memory display is the disk usage display.
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It reports the number of seeks, transfers, and number
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of kilobyte blocks transferred per second averaged over the
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refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
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For some disks it also reports the average milliseconds per seek.
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Note that the system only keeps statistics on at most four disks.
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.Pp
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Below the disk display is a list of the
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average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
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that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
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in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
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sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
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Below the queue length listing is a numerical listing and
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a bar graph showing the amount of
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system (shown as `='), user (shown as `>'),
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nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
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.Pp
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At the bottom left are statistics on name translations.
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It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
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the number and percentage of the translations that were
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handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
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the number and percentage of the translations that were
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handled by the per process name translation cache.
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.Pp
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Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
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on paging and swapping activity.
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The first two columns report the average number of pages
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brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
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due to page faults and the paging daemon.
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The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
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brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
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due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
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The first row of the display shows the average
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number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
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the second row of the display shows the average
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number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
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.Pp
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Below the paging statistics is a line listing the average number of
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total reclaims ('Rec'),
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intransit blocking page faults (`It'),
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swap text pages found in free list (`F/S'),
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file system text pages found in free list (`F/F'),
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reclaims from free list
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pages freed by the clock daemon (`Fre'),
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and sequential process pages freed (`SFr')
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per second over the refresh interval.
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.Pp
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Below this line are statistics on the average number of
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zero filled pages (`zf') and demand filled text pages (`xf')
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per second over the refresh period.
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The first row indicates the number of requests that were
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resolved, the second row shows the number that were set up,
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and the last row shows the percentage of setup requests that were
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actually used.
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Note that this percentage is usually less than 100%,
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however it may exceed 100% if a large number of requests
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are actually used long after they were set up during a
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period when no new pages are being set up.
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Thus this figure is most interesting when observed over
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a long time period, such as from boot time
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(see below on getting such a display).
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.Pp
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Below the page fill statistics is a column that
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lists the average number of context switches (`Csw'),
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traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'),
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characters output to DZ ports using
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.No pseudo Ns -DMA
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(`Pdm'),
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network software interrupts (`Sof'),
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page faults (`Flt'), pages scanned by the page daemon (`Scn'),
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and revolutions of the page daemon's hand (`Rev')
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per second over the refresh interval.
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.Pp
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Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
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of the interrupts being handled by the system.
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At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
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over the time interval.
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The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
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by device basis.
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Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
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.Pp
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The following commands are specific to the
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.Ic vmstat
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display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
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.It Cm boot
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Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
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.It Cm run
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Display statistics as a running total from the point this
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command is given.
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.It Cm time
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Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
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.It Cm zero
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Reset running statistics to zero.
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.El
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.It Ic netstat
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Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default,
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network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address
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is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
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when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
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limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
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(the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
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.It Cm all
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Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
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is the equivalent of the
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.Fl a
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flag to
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.Ar netstat 1 ) .
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.It Cm numbers
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Display network addresses numerically.
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.It Cm names
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Display network addresses symbolically.
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.It Ar protocol
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Display only network connections using the indicated protocol
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(currently either ``tcp'' or ``udp'').
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.It Cm ignore Op Ar items
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Do not display information about connections associated with
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the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified
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by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses
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use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items
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may be specified with a single command by separating them with
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spaces.
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.It Cm display Op Ar items
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Display information about the connections associated with the
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specified hosts or ports. As for
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.Ar ignore ,
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.Op Ar items
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may be names or numbers.
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.It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
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Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
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hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored
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are prefixed with a `!'. If
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.Ar ports
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or
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.Ar hosts
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is supplied as an argument to
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.Cm show ,
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then only the requested information will be displayed.
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.It Cm reset
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Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
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(any protocol, port, or host).
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
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minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
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Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
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insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10
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drives the
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.Ic iostat
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bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When
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a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
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truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
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.Pp
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The following commands are common to each display which shows
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information about disk drives. These commands are used to
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select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
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more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
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screen.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Tx -compact
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.It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
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Do not display information about the drives indicated. Multiple
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drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
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.It Cm display Op Ar drives
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Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple drives
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may be specified, separated by spaces.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /etc/networks -compact
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.It Pa /vmunix
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For the namelist.
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.It Pa /dev/kmem
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For information in main memory.
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.It Pa /dev/drum
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For information about swapped out processes.
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.It Pa /etc/hosts
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For host names.
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.It Pa /etc/networks
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For network names.
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.It Pa /etc/services
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For port names.
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.El
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm systat
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program appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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.Sh BUGS
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Takes 2-10 percent of the cpu.
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Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
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The
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.Ic vmstat
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display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
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a separate display rather than created as a new program).
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