2343 lines
62 KiB
Groff
2343 lines
62 KiB
Groff
.\" $Id: roff.7,v 1.116 2021/09/18 12:23:06 schwarze Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2010, 2011, 2012 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2010-2019 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
|
|
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
|
|
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
|
|
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
|
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
|
|
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
|
|
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
|
|
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
|
|
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd $Mdocdate: September 18 2021 $
|
|
.Dt ROFF 7
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm roff
|
|
.Nd roff language reference for mandoc
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm roff
|
|
language is a general purpose text formatting language.
|
|
Since traditional implementations of the
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
manual formatting languages are based on it,
|
|
many real-world manuals use small numbers of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
requests and escape sequences intermixed with their
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
or
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
code.
|
|
To properly format such manuals, the
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
utility supports a subset of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
requests and escapes.
|
|
Even though this manual page lists all
|
|
.Nm
|
|
requests and escape sequences, it only contains partial information
|
|
about requests not supported by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
and about language features that do not matter for manual pages.
|
|
For complete
|
|
.Nm
|
|
manuals, consult the
|
|
.Sx SEE ALSO
|
|
section.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Input lines beginning with the control character
|
|
.Sq \&.
|
|
are parsed for requests and macros.
|
|
Such lines are called
|
|
.Dq request lines
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq macro lines ,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
Requests change the processing state and manipulate the formatting;
|
|
some macros also define the document structure and produce formatted
|
|
output.
|
|
The single quote
|
|
.Pq Qq \(aq
|
|
is accepted as an alternative control character,
|
|
treated by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
just like
|
|
.Ql \&.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Lines not beginning with control characters are called
|
|
.Dq text lines .
|
|
They provide free-form text to be printed; the formatting of the text
|
|
depends on the respective processing context.
|
|
.Sh LANGUAGE SYNTAX
|
|
.Nm
|
|
documents may contain only graphable 7-bit ASCII characters, the space
|
|
character, and, in certain circumstances, the tab character.
|
|
The backslash character
|
|
.Sq \e
|
|
indicates the start of an escape sequence, used for example for
|
|
.Sx Comments
|
|
and
|
|
.Sx Special Characters .
|
|
For a complete listing of escape sequences, consult the
|
|
.Sx ESCAPE SEQUENCE REFERENCE
|
|
below.
|
|
.Ss Comments
|
|
Text following an escaped double-quote
|
|
.Sq \e\(dq ,
|
|
whether in a request, macro, or text line, is ignored to the end of the line.
|
|
A request line beginning with a control character and comment escape
|
|
.Sq \&.\e\(dq
|
|
is also ignored.
|
|
Furthermore, request lines with only a control character and optional
|
|
trailing whitespace are stripped from input.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Examples:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
|
|
\&.\e\(dq This is a comment line.
|
|
\&.\e\(dq The next line is ignored:
|
|
\&.
|
|
\&.Sh EXAMPLES \e\(dq This is a comment, too.
|
|
\&example text \e\(dq And so is this.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Ss Special Characters
|
|
Special characters are used to encode special glyphs and are rendered
|
|
differently across output media.
|
|
They may occur in request, macro, and text lines.
|
|
Sequences begin with the escape character
|
|
.Sq \e
|
|
followed by either an open-parenthesis
|
|
.Sq \&(
|
|
for two-character sequences; an open-bracket
|
|
.Sq \&[
|
|
for n-character sequences (terminated at a close-bracket
|
|
.Sq \&] ) ;
|
|
or a single one character sequence.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Examples:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Li \e(em
|
|
Two-letter em dash escape.
|
|
.It Li \ee
|
|
One-letter backslash escape.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7
|
|
for a complete list.
|
|
.Ss Font Selection
|
|
In
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
documents, fonts are usually selected with macros.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic \ef
|
|
escape sequence and the
|
|
.Ic \&ft
|
|
request can be used to manually change the font,
|
|
but this is not recommended in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
documents.
|
|
Such manual font changes are overridden by many subsequent macros.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following fonts are supported:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width CW -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Cm B
|
|
Bold font.
|
|
.It Cm BI
|
|
A font that is both bold and italic.
|
|
.It Cm CB
|
|
Bold constant width font.
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Cm B
|
|
in terminal output.
|
|
.It Cm CI
|
|
Italic constant width font.
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Cm I
|
|
in terminal output.
|
|
.It Cm CR
|
|
Regular constant width font.
|
|
Same as
|
|
.Cm R
|
|
in terminal output.
|
|
.It Cm CW
|
|
An alias for
|
|
.Cm CR .
|
|
.It Cm I
|
|
Italic font.
|
|
.It Cm P
|
|
Return to the previous font.
|
|
If a macro caused a font change since the last
|
|
.Ic \ef
|
|
eascape sequence or
|
|
.Ic \&ft
|
|
request, this returns to the font before the last font change in
|
|
the macro rather than to the font before the last manual font change.
|
|
.It Cm R
|
|
Roman font.
|
|
This is the default font.
|
|
.It Cm 1
|
|
An alias for
|
|
.Cm R .
|
|
.It Cm 2
|
|
An alias for
|
|
.Cm I .
|
|
.It Cm 3
|
|
An alias for
|
|
.Cm B .
|
|
.It Cm 4
|
|
An alias for
|
|
.Cm BI .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Examples:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Li \efBbold\efR
|
|
Write in \fBbold\fP, then switch to regular font mode.
|
|
.It Li \efIitalic\efP
|
|
Write in \fIitalic\fP, then return to previous font mode.
|
|
.It Li \ef(BIbold italic\efP
|
|
Write in \f(BIbold italic\fP, then return to previous font mode.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Whitespace
|
|
Whitespace consists of the space character.
|
|
In text lines, whitespace is preserved within a line.
|
|
In request and macro lines, whitespace delimits arguments and is discarded.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Unescaped trailing spaces are stripped from text line input unless in a
|
|
literal context.
|
|
In general, trailing whitespace on any input line is discouraged for
|
|
reasons of portability.
|
|
In the rare case that a space character is needed at the end of an
|
|
input line, it may be forced by
|
|
.Sq \e\ \e& .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Literal space characters can be produced in the output
|
|
using escape sequences.
|
|
In macro lines, they can also be included in arguments using quotation; see
|
|
.Sx MACRO SYNTAX
|
|
for details.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Blank text lines, which may include whitespace, are only permitted
|
|
within literal contexts.
|
|
If the first character of a text line is a space, that line is printed
|
|
with a leading newline.
|
|
.Ss Scaling Widths
|
|
Many requests and macros support scaled widths for their arguments.
|
|
The syntax for a scaled width is
|
|
.Sq Li [+-]?[0-9]*.[0-9]*[:unit:] ,
|
|
where a decimal must be preceded or followed by at least one digit.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following scaling units are accepted:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It c
|
|
centimetre
|
|
.It i
|
|
inch
|
|
.It P
|
|
pica (1/6 inch)
|
|
.It p
|
|
point (1/72 inch)
|
|
.It f
|
|
scale
|
|
.Sq u
|
|
by 65536
|
|
.It v
|
|
default vertical span
|
|
.It m
|
|
width of rendered
|
|
.Sq m
|
|
.Pq em
|
|
character
|
|
.It n
|
|
width of rendered
|
|
.Sq n
|
|
.Pq en
|
|
character
|
|
.It u
|
|
default horizontal span for the terminal
|
|
.It M
|
|
mini-em (1/100 em)
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Using anything other than
|
|
.Sq m ,
|
|
.Sq n ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq v
|
|
is necessarily non-portable across output media.
|
|
See
|
|
.Sx COMPATIBILITY .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a scaling unit is not provided, the numerical value is interpreted
|
|
under the default rules of
|
|
.Sq v
|
|
for vertical spaces and
|
|
.Sq u
|
|
for horizontal ones.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Examples:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Bl -tag -width 2i" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Li \&.Bl -tag -width 2i
|
|
two-inch tagged list indentation in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
.It Li \&.HP 2i
|
|
two-inch tagged list indentation in
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
.It Li \&.sp 2v
|
|
two vertical spaces
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Sentence Spacing
|
|
Each sentence should terminate at the end of an input line.
|
|
By doing this, a formatter will be able to apply the proper amount of
|
|
spacing after the end of sentence (unescaped) period, exclamation mark,
|
|
or question mark followed by zero or more non-sentence closing
|
|
delimiters
|
|
.Po
|
|
.Sq \&) ,
|
|
.Sq \&] ,
|
|
.Sq \&' ,
|
|
.Sq \&"
|
|
.Pc .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The proper spacing is also intelligently preserved if a sentence ends at
|
|
the boundary of a macro line.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If an input line happens to end with a period, exclamation or question
|
|
mark that isn't the end of a sentence, append a zero-width space
|
|
.Pq Sq \e& .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Examples:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
|
|
Do not end sentences mid-line like this. Instead,
|
|
end a sentence like this.
|
|
A macro would end like this:
|
|
\&.Xr mandoc 1 \&.
|
|
An abbreviation at the end of an input line needs escaping, e.g.\e&
|
|
like this.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh REQUEST SYNTAX
|
|
A request or macro line consists of:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -enum -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
the control character
|
|
.Sq \&.
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq \(aq
|
|
at the beginning of the line,
|
|
.It
|
|
optionally an arbitrary amount of whitespace,
|
|
.It
|
|
the name of the request or the macro, which is one word of arbitrary
|
|
length, terminated by whitespace,
|
|
.It
|
|
and zero or more arguments delimited by whitespace.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Thus, the following request lines are all equivalent:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
\&.ig end
|
|
\&.ig end
|
|
\&. ig end
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh MACRO SYNTAX
|
|
Macros are provided by the
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
languages and can be defined by the
|
|
.Ic \&de
|
|
request.
|
|
When called, they follow the same syntax as requests, except that
|
|
macro arguments may optionally be quoted by enclosing them
|
|
in double quote characters
|
|
.Pq Sq \(dq .
|
|
Quoted text, even if it contains whitespace or would cause
|
|
a macro invocation when unquoted, is always considered literal text.
|
|
Inside quoted text, pairs of double quote characters
|
|
.Pq Sq Qq
|
|
resolve to single double quote characters.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To be recognised as the beginning of a quoted argument, the opening
|
|
quote character must be preceded by a space character.
|
|
A quoted argument extends to the next double quote character that is not
|
|
part of a pair, or to the end of the input line, whichever comes earlier.
|
|
Leaving out the terminating double quote character at the end of the line
|
|
is discouraged.
|
|
For clarity, if more arguments follow on the same input line,
|
|
it is recommended to follow the terminating double quote character
|
|
by a space character; in case the next character after the terminating
|
|
double quote character is anything else, it is regarded as the beginning
|
|
of the next, unquoted argument.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Both in quoted and unquoted arguments, pairs of backslashes
|
|
.Pq Sq \e\e
|
|
resolve to single backslashes.
|
|
In unquoted arguments, space characters can alternatively be included
|
|
by preceding them with a backslash
|
|
.Pq Sq \e\~ ,
|
|
but quoting is usually better for clarity.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Examples:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Li .Fn strlen \(dqconst char *s\(dq
|
|
Group arguments
|
|
.Qq const char *s
|
|
into one function argument.
|
|
If unspecified,
|
|
.Qq const ,
|
|
.Qq char ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Qq *s
|
|
would be considered separate arguments.
|
|
.It Li .Op \(dqFl a\(dq
|
|
Consider
|
|
.Qq \&Fl a
|
|
as literal text instead of a flag macro.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh REQUEST REFERENCE
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
.Nm
|
|
parser recognises the following requests.
|
|
For requests marked as "ignored" or "unsupported", any arguments are
|
|
ignored, and the number of arguments is not checked.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Ic \&ab Op Ar message
|
|
Abort processing.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&ad Op Cm b | c | l | n | r
|
|
Set line adjustment mode for subsequent text.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&af Ar registername format
|
|
Assign an output format to a number register.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&aln Ar newname oldname
|
|
Create an alias for a number register.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&als Ar newname oldname
|
|
Create an alias for a request, string, macro, or diversion.
|
|
.It Ic \&am Ar macroname Op Ar endmacro
|
|
Append to a macro definition.
|
|
The syntax of this request is the same as that of
|
|
.Ic \&de .
|
|
.It Ic \&am1 Ar macroname Op Ar endmacro
|
|
Append to a macro definition, switching roff compatibility mode off
|
|
during macro execution (groff extension).
|
|
The syntax of this request is the same as that of
|
|
.Ic \&de1 .
|
|
Since
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
does not implement
|
|
.Nm
|
|
compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
|
|
.Ic \&am .
|
|
.It Ic \&ami Ar macrostring Op Ar endstring
|
|
Append to a macro definition, specifying the macro name indirectly
|
|
(groff extension).
|
|
The syntax of this request is the same as that of
|
|
.Ic \&dei .
|
|
.It Ic \&ami1 Ar macrostring Op Ar endstring
|
|
Append to a macro definition, specifying the macro name indirectly
|
|
and switching roff compatibility mode off during macro execution
|
|
(groff extension).
|
|
The syntax of this request is the same as that of
|
|
.Ic \&dei1 .
|
|
Since
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
does not implement
|
|
.Nm
|
|
compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
|
|
.Ic \&ami .
|
|
.It Ic \&as Ar stringname Op Ar string
|
|
Append to a user-defined string.
|
|
The syntax of this request is the same as that of
|
|
.Ic \&ds .
|
|
If a user-defined string with the specified name does not yet exist,
|
|
it is set to the empty string before appending.
|
|
.It Ic \&as1 Ar stringname Op Ar string
|
|
Append to a user-defined string, switching roff compatibility mode off
|
|
during macro execution (groff extension).
|
|
The syntax of this request is the same as that of
|
|
.Ic \&ds1 .
|
|
Since
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
does not implement
|
|
.Nm
|
|
compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
|
|
.Ic \&as .
|
|
.It Ic \&asciify Ar divname
|
|
Fully unformat a diversion.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&backtrace
|
|
Print a backtrace of the input stack.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&bd Ar font Oo Ar curfont Oc Op Ar offset
|
|
Artificially embolden by repeated printing with small shifts.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&bleedat Ar left top width height
|
|
Set the BleedBox page parameter for PDF generation.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&blm Ar macroname
|
|
Set a blank line trap.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&box Ar divname
|
|
Begin a diversion without including a partially filled line.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&boxa Ar divname
|
|
Add to a diversion without including a partially filled line.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&bp Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar pagenumber
|
|
Begin a new page.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&BP Ar source height width position offset flags label
|
|
Define a frame and place a picture in it.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&br
|
|
Break the output line.
|
|
.It Ic \&break
|
|
Break out of the innermost
|
|
.Ic \&while
|
|
loop.
|
|
.It Ic \&breakchar Ar char ...
|
|
Optional line break characters.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&brnl Ar N
|
|
Break output line after the next
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
input lines.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&brp
|
|
Break and spread output line.
|
|
Currently, this is implemented as an alias for
|
|
.Ic \&br .
|
|
.It Ic \&brpnl Ar N
|
|
Break and spread output line after the next
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
input lines.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&c2 Op Ar char
|
|
Change the no-break control character.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&cc Op Ar char
|
|
Change the control character.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar char
|
|
is not specified, the control character is reset to
|
|
.Sq \&. .
|
|
Trailing characters are ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&ce Op Ar N
|
|
Center the next
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
input lines without filling.
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
defaults to 1.
|
|
An argument of 0 or less ends centering.
|
|
Currently, high level macros abort centering.
|
|
.It Ic \&cf Ar filename
|
|
Output the contents of a file.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&cflags Ar flags char ...
|
|
Set character flags.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&ch Ar macroname Op Ar dist
|
|
Change a trap location.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&char Ar glyph Op Ar string
|
|
Define or redefine the ASCII character or character escape sequence
|
|
.Ar glyph
|
|
to be rendered as
|
|
.Ar string ,
|
|
which can be empty.
|
|
Only partially supported in
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ;
|
|
may interact incorrectly with
|
|
.Ic \&tr .
|
|
.It Ic \&chop Ar stringname
|
|
Remove the last character from a macro, string, or diversion.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&class Ar classname char ...
|
|
Define a character class.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&close Ar streamname
|
|
Close an open file.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&CL Ar color text
|
|
Print text in color.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&color Op Cm 1 | 0
|
|
Activate or deactivate colors.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&composite Ar from to
|
|
Define a name component for composite glyph names.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&continue
|
|
Immediately start the next iteration of a
|
|
.Ic \&while
|
|
loop.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&cp Op Cm 1 | 0
|
|
Switch
|
|
.Nm
|
|
compatibility mode on or off.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&cropat Ar left top width height
|
|
Set the CropBox page parameter for PDF generation.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&cs Ar font Op Ar width Op Ar emsize
|
|
Constant character spacing mode.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&cu Op Ar N
|
|
Underline next
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
input lines including whitespace.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&da Ar divname
|
|
Append to a diversion.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&dch Ar macroname Op Ar dist
|
|
Change a trap location in the current diversion.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&de Ar macroname Op Ar endmacro
|
|
Define a
|
|
.Nm
|
|
macro.
|
|
Its syntax can be either
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
.Pf . Ic \&de Ar macroname
|
|
.Ar definition
|
|
\&..
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
or
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
.Pf . Ic \&de Ar macroname endmacro
|
|
.Ar definition
|
|
.Pf . Ar endmacro
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Both forms define or redefine the macro
|
|
.Ar macroname
|
|
to represent the
|
|
.Ar definition ,
|
|
which may consist of one or more input lines, including the newline
|
|
characters terminating each line, optionally containing calls to
|
|
.Nm
|
|
requests,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
macros or high-level macros like
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
or
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
macros, whichever applies to the document in question.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Specifying a custom
|
|
.Ar endmacro
|
|
works in the same way as for
|
|
.Ic \&ig ;
|
|
namely, the call to
|
|
.Sq Pf . Ar endmacro
|
|
first ends the
|
|
.Ar definition ,
|
|
and after that, it is also evaluated as a
|
|
.Nm
|
|
request or
|
|
.Nm
|
|
macro, but not as a high-level macro.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The macro can be invoked later using the syntax
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.D1 Pf . Ar macroname Op Ar argument Op Ar argument ...
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Regarding argument parsing, see
|
|
.Sx MACRO SYNTAX
|
|
above.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The line invoking the macro will be replaced
|
|
in the input stream by the
|
|
.Ar definition ,
|
|
replacing all occurrences of
|
|
.No \e\e$ Ns Ar N ,
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
is a digit, by the
|
|
.Ar N Ns th Ar argument .
|
|
For example,
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
\&.de ZN
|
|
\efI\e^\e\e$1\e^\efP\e\e$2
|
|
\&..
|
|
\&.ZN XtFree .
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
produces
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.D1 \efI\e^XtFree\e^\efP.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
in the input stream, and thus in the output: \fI\^XtFree\^\fP.
|
|
Each occurrence of \e\e$* is replaced with all the arguments,
|
|
joined together with single space characters.
|
|
The variant \e\e$@ is similar, except that each argument is
|
|
individually quoted.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Since macros and user-defined strings share a common string table,
|
|
defining a macro
|
|
.Ar macroname
|
|
clobbers the user-defined string
|
|
.Ar macroname ,
|
|
and the
|
|
.Ar definition
|
|
can also be printed using the
|
|
.Sq \e*
|
|
string interpolation syntax described below
|
|
.Ic ds ,
|
|
but this is rarely useful because every macro definition contains at least
|
|
one explicit newline character.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In order to prevent endless recursion, both groff and
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
limit the stack depth for expanding macros and strings
|
|
to a large, but finite number, and
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
also limits the length of the expanded input line.
|
|
Do not rely on the exact values of these limits.
|
|
.It Ic \&de1 Ar macroname Op Ar endmacro
|
|
Define a
|
|
.Nm
|
|
macro that will be executed with
|
|
.Nm
|
|
compatibility mode switched off during macro execution.
|
|
This is a groff extension.
|
|
Since
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
does not implement
|
|
.Nm
|
|
compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
|
|
.Ic \&de .
|
|
.It Ic \&defcolor Ar newname scheme component ...
|
|
Define a color name.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&dei Ar macrostring Op Ar endstring
|
|
Define a
|
|
.Nm
|
|
macro, specifying the macro name indirectly (groff extension).
|
|
The syntax of this request is the same as that of
|
|
.Ic \&de .
|
|
The effect is the same as:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.D1 Pf . Cm \&de No \e* Ns Bo Ar macrostring Bc Op \e* Ns Bq Ar endstring
|
|
.It Ic \&dei1 Ar macrostring Op Ar endstring
|
|
Define a
|
|
.Nm
|
|
macro that will be executed with
|
|
.Nm
|
|
compatibility mode switched off during macro execution,
|
|
specifying the macro name indirectly (groff extension).
|
|
Since
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
does not implement
|
|
.Nm
|
|
compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
|
|
.Ic \&dei .
|
|
.It Ic \&device Ar string ...
|
|
.It Ic \&devicem Ar stringname
|
|
These two requests only make sense with the groff-specific intermediate
|
|
output format and are unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&di Ar divname
|
|
Begin a diversion.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&do Ar command Op Ar argument ...
|
|
Execute
|
|
.Nm
|
|
request or macro line with compatibility mode disabled.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&ds Ar stringname Op Oo \(dq Oc Ns Ar string
|
|
Define a user-defined string.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar stringname
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar string
|
|
arguments are space-separated.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar string
|
|
begins with a double-quote character, that character will not be part
|
|
of the string.
|
|
All remaining characters on the input line form the
|
|
.Ar string ,
|
|
including whitespace and double-quote characters, even trailing ones.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar string
|
|
can be interpolated into subsequent text by using
|
|
.No \e* Ns Bq Ar stringname
|
|
for a
|
|
.Ar stringname
|
|
of arbitrary length, or \e*(NN or \e*N if the length of
|
|
.Ar stringname
|
|
is two or one characters, respectively.
|
|
Interpolation can be prevented by escaping the leading backslash;
|
|
that is, an asterisk preceded by an even number of backslashes
|
|
does not trigger string interpolation.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Since user-defined strings and macros share a common string table,
|
|
defining a string
|
|
.Ar stringname
|
|
clobbers the macro
|
|
.Ar stringname ,
|
|
and the
|
|
.Ar stringname
|
|
used for defining a string can also be invoked as a macro,
|
|
in which case the following input line will be appended to the
|
|
.Ar string ,
|
|
forming a new input line passed to the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
parser.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
\&.ds badidea .S
|
|
\&.badidea
|
|
H SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
invokes the
|
|
.Ic SH
|
|
macro when used in a
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
document.
|
|
Such abuse is of course strongly discouraged.
|
|
.It Ic \&ds1 Ar stringname Op Oo \(dq Oc Ns Ar string
|
|
Define a user-defined string that will be expanded with
|
|
.Nm
|
|
compatibility mode switched off during string expansion.
|
|
This is a groff extension.
|
|
Since
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
does not implement
|
|
.Nm
|
|
compatibility mode at all, it handles this request as an alias for
|
|
.Ic \&ds .
|
|
.It Ic \&dwh Ar dist macroname
|
|
Set a location trap in the current diversion.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&dt Op Ar dist macroname
|
|
Set a trap within a diversion.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&ec Op Ar char
|
|
Enable the escape mechanism and change the escape character.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar char
|
|
argument defaults to the backslash
|
|
.Pq Sq \e .
|
|
.It Ic \&ecr
|
|
Restore the escape character.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&ecs
|
|
Save the escape character.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&el Ar body
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq else
|
|
half of an if/else conditional.
|
|
Pops a result off the stack of conditional evaluations pushed by
|
|
.Ic \&ie
|
|
and uses it as its conditional.
|
|
If no stack entries are present (e.g., due to no prior
|
|
.Ic \&ie
|
|
calls)
|
|
then false is assumed.
|
|
The syntax of this request is similar to
|
|
.Ic \&if
|
|
except that the conditional is missing.
|
|
.It Ic \&em Ar macroname
|
|
Set a trap at the end of input.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&EN
|
|
End an equation block.
|
|
See
|
|
.Ic \&EQ .
|
|
.It Ic \&eo
|
|
Disable the escape mechanism completely.
|
|
.It Ic \&EP
|
|
End a picture started by
|
|
.Ic \&BP .
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&EQ
|
|
Begin an equation block.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr eqn 7
|
|
for a description of the equation language.
|
|
.It Ic \&errprint Ar message
|
|
Print a string like an error message.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&ev Op Ar envname
|
|
Switch to another environment.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&evc Op Ar envname
|
|
Copy an environment into the current environment.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&ex
|
|
Abort processing and exit.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&fallback Ar curfont font ...
|
|
Select the fallback sequence for a font.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&fam Op Ar familyname
|
|
Change the font family.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&fc Op Ar delimchar Op Ar padchar
|
|
Define a delimiting and a padding character for fields.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&fchar Ar glyphname Op Ar string
|
|
Define a fallback glyph.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&fcolor Ar colorname
|
|
Set the fill color for \eD objects.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&fdeferlig Ar font string ...
|
|
Defer ligature building.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&feature Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Ns Ar name
|
|
Enable or disable an OpenType feature.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&fi
|
|
Break the output line and switch to fill mode,
|
|
which is active by default but can be ended with the
|
|
.Ic \&nf
|
|
request.
|
|
In fill mode, input from subsequent input lines is added to
|
|
the same output line until the next word no longer fits,
|
|
at which point the output line is broken.
|
|
This request is implied by the
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
.Ic \&Sh
|
|
macro and by the
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
.Ic \&SH ,
|
|
.Ic \&SS ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \&EE
|
|
macros.
|
|
.It Ic \&fkern Ar font minkern
|
|
Control the use of kerning tables for a font.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&fl
|
|
Flush output.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&flig Ar font string char ...
|
|
Define ligatures.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&fp Ar position font Op Ar filename
|
|
Assign font position.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&fps Ar mapname ...
|
|
Mount a font with a special character map.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&fschar Ar font glyphname Op Ar string
|
|
Define a font-specific fallback glyph.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&fspacewidth Ar font Op Ar afmunits
|
|
Set a font-specific width for the space character.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&fspecial Ar curfont Op Ar font ...
|
|
Conditionally define a special font.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&ft Op Ar font
|
|
Change the font; see
|
|
.Sx Font Selection .
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar font
|
|
argument defaults to
|
|
.Cm P .
|
|
.It Ic \&ftr Ar newname Op Ar oldname
|
|
Translate font name.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&fzoom Ar font Op Ar permille
|
|
Zoom font size.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&gcolor Op Ar colorname
|
|
Set glyph color.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hc Op Ar char
|
|
Set the hyphenation character.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hcode Ar char code ...
|
|
Set hyphenation codes of characters.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hidechar Ar font char ...
|
|
Hide characters in a font.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hla Ar language
|
|
Set hyphenation language.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hlm Op Ar number
|
|
Set maximum number of consecutive hyphenated lines.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hpf Ar filename
|
|
Load hyphenation pattern file.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hpfa Ar filename
|
|
Load hyphenation pattern file, appending to the current patterns.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hpfcode Ar code code ...
|
|
Define mapping values for character codes in hyphenation patterns.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hw Ar word ...
|
|
Specify hyphenation points in words.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hy Op Ar mode
|
|
Set automatic hyphenation mode.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hylang Ar language
|
|
Set hyphenation language.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hylen Ar nchar
|
|
Minimum word length for hyphenation.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hym Op Ar length
|
|
Set hyphenation margin.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hypp Ar penalty ...
|
|
Define hyphenation penalties.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&hys Op Ar length
|
|
Set hyphenation space.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&ie Ar condition body
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq if
|
|
half of an if/else conditional.
|
|
The result of the conditional is pushed into a stack used by subsequent
|
|
invocations of
|
|
.Ic \&el ,
|
|
which may be separated by any intervening input (or not exist at all).
|
|
Its syntax is equivalent to
|
|
.Ic \&if .
|
|
.It Ic \&if Ar condition body
|
|
Begin a conditional.
|
|
This request can also be written as follows:
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
.Pf . Ic \&if Ar condition No \e{ Ns Ar body
|
|
.Ar body ... Ns \e}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
.Pf . Ic \&if Ar condition No \e{\e
|
|
.Ar body ...
|
|
.Pf . No \e}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is a boolean expression.
|
|
Currently,
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
supports the following subset of roff conditionals:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
If
|
|
.Sq \&!
|
|
is prefixed to
|
|
.Ar condition ,
|
|
it is logically inverted.
|
|
.It
|
|
If the first character of
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is
|
|
.Sq n
|
|
.Pq nroff mode
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq o
|
|
.Pq odd page ,
|
|
it evaluates to true, and the
|
|
.Ar body
|
|
starts with the next character.
|
|
.It
|
|
If the first character of
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is
|
|
.Sq e
|
|
.Pq even page ,
|
|
.Sq t
|
|
.Pq troff mode ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq v
|
|
.Pq vroff mode ,
|
|
it evaluates to false, and the
|
|
.Ar body
|
|
starts with the next character.
|
|
.It
|
|
If the first character of
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is
|
|
.Sq c
|
|
.Pq character available ,
|
|
it evaluates to true if the following character is an ASCII character
|
|
or a valid character escape sequence, or to false otherwise.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar body
|
|
starts with the character following that next character.
|
|
.It
|
|
If the first character of
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is
|
|
.Sq d ,
|
|
it evaluates to true if the rest of
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is the name of an existing user defined macro or string;
|
|
otherwise, it evaluates to false.
|
|
.It
|
|
If the first character of
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is
|
|
.Sq r ,
|
|
it evaluates to true if the rest of
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is the name of an existing number register;
|
|
otherwise, it evaluates to false.
|
|
.It
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
starts with a parenthesis or with an optionally signed
|
|
integer number, it is evaluated according to the rules of
|
|
.Sx Numerical expressions
|
|
explained below.
|
|
It evaluates to true if the result is positive,
|
|
or to false if the result is zero or negative.
|
|
.It
|
|
Otherwise, the first character of
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is regarded as a delimiter and it evaluates to true if the string
|
|
extending from its first to its second occurrence is equal to the
|
|
string extending from its second to its third occurrence.
|
|
.It
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
cannot be parsed, it evaluates to false.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a conditional is false, its children are not processed, but are
|
|
syntactically interpreted to preserve the integrity of the input
|
|
document.
|
|
Thus,
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.D1 \&.if t .ig
|
|
.Pp
|
|
will discard the
|
|
.Sq \&.ig ,
|
|
which may lead to interesting results, but
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.D1 \&.if t .if t \e{\e
|
|
.Pp
|
|
will continue to syntactically interpret to the block close of the final
|
|
conditional.
|
|
Sub-conditionals, in this case, obviously inherit the truth value of
|
|
the parent.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar body
|
|
section is begun by an escaped brace
|
|
.Sq \e{ ,
|
|
scope continues until the end of the input line containing the
|
|
matching closing-brace escape sequence
|
|
.Sq \e} .
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar body
|
|
is not enclosed in braces, scope continues until the end of the line.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is followed by a
|
|
.Ar body
|
|
on the same line, whether after a brace or not, then requests and macros
|
|
.Em must
|
|
begin with a control character.
|
|
It is generally more intuitive, in this case, to write
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
.Pf . Ic \&if Ar condition No \e{\e
|
|
.Pf . Ar request
|
|
.Pf . No \e}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
than having the request or macro follow as
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.D1 Pf . Ic \&if Ar condition Pf \e{. Ar request
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The scope of a conditional is always parsed, but only executed if the
|
|
conditional evaluates to true.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that the
|
|
.Sq \e}
|
|
is converted into a zero-width escape sequence if not passed as a
|
|
standalone macro
|
|
.Sq \&.\e} .
|
|
For example,
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.D1 \&.Fl a \e} b
|
|
.Pp
|
|
will result in
|
|
.Sq \e}
|
|
being considered an argument of the
|
|
.Sq \&Fl
|
|
macro.
|
|
.It Ic \&ig Op Ar endmacro
|
|
Ignore input.
|
|
Its syntax can be either
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
.Pf . Cm \&ig
|
|
.Ar ignored text
|
|
\&..
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
or
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
.Pf . Cm \&ig Ar endmacro
|
|
.Ar ignored text
|
|
.Pf . Ar endmacro
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In the first case, input is ignored until a
|
|
.Sq \&..
|
|
request is encountered on its own line.
|
|
In the second case, input is ignored until the specified
|
|
.Sq Pf . Ar endmacro
|
|
is encountered.
|
|
Do not use the escape character
|
|
.Sq \e
|
|
anywhere in the definition of
|
|
.Ar endmacro ;
|
|
it would cause very strange behaviour.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When the
|
|
.Ar endmacro
|
|
is a roff request or a roff macro, like in
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.D1 \&.ig if
|
|
.Pp
|
|
the subsequent invocation of
|
|
.Ic \&if
|
|
will first terminate the
|
|
.Ar ignored text ,
|
|
then be invoked as usual.
|
|
Otherwise, it only terminates the
|
|
.Ar ignored text ,
|
|
and arguments following it or the
|
|
.Sq \&..
|
|
request are discarded.
|
|
.It Ic \&in Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar width
|
|
Change indentation.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr man 7 .
|
|
Ignored in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 .
|
|
.It Ic \&index Ar register stringname substring
|
|
Find a substring in a string.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&it Ar expression macro
|
|
Set an input line trap.
|
|
The named
|
|
.Ar macro
|
|
will be invoked after processing the number of input text lines
|
|
specified by the numerical
|
|
.Ar expression .
|
|
While evaluating the
|
|
.Ar expression ,
|
|
the unit suffixes described below
|
|
.Sx Scaling Widths
|
|
are ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&itc Ar expression macro
|
|
Set an input line trap, not counting lines ending with \ec.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&IX Ar class keystring
|
|
To support the generation of a table of contents,
|
|
.Xr pod2man 1
|
|
emits this user-defined macro, usually without defining it.
|
|
To avoid reporting large numbers of spurious errors,
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
ignores it.
|
|
.It Ic \&kern Op Cm 1 | 0
|
|
Switch kerning on or off.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&kernafter Ar font char ... afmunits ...
|
|
Increase kerning after some characters.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&kernbefore Ar font char ... afmunits ...
|
|
Increase kerning before some characters.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&kernpair Ar font char ... font char ... afmunits
|
|
Add a kerning pair to the kerning table.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&lc Op Ar glyph
|
|
Define a leader repetition character.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&lc_ctype Ar localename
|
|
Set the
|
|
.Dv LC_CTYPE
|
|
locale.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&lds Ar macroname string
|
|
Define a local string.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&length Ar register string
|
|
Count the number of input characters in a string.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&letadj Ar lspmin lshmin letss lspmax lshmax
|
|
Dynamic letter spacing and reshaping.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&lf Ar lineno Op Ar filename
|
|
Change the line number for error messages.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&lg Op Cm 1 | 0
|
|
Switch the ligature mechanism on or off.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&lhang Ar font char ... afmunits
|
|
Hang characters at left margin.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&linetabs Op Cm 1 | 0
|
|
Enable or disable line-tabs mode.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&ll Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar width
|
|
Change the output line length.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ar width
|
|
argument is omitted, the line length is reset to its previous value.
|
|
The default setting for terminal output is 78n.
|
|
If a sign is given, the line length is added to or subtracted from;
|
|
otherwise, it is set to the provided value.
|
|
Using this request in new manuals is discouraged for several reasons,
|
|
among others because it overrides the
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
.Fl O Cm width
|
|
command line option.
|
|
.It Ic \&lnr Ar register Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar value Op Ar increment
|
|
Set local number register.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&lnrf Ar register Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar value Op Ar increment
|
|
Set local floating-point register.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&lpfx Ar string
|
|
Set a line prefix.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&ls Op Ar factor
|
|
Set line spacing.
|
|
It takes one integer argument specifying the vertical distance of
|
|
subsequent output text lines measured in v units.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&lsm Ar macroname
|
|
Set a leading spaces trap.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \< Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar width
|
|
Set title line length.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&mc Ar glyph Op Ar dist
|
|
Print margin character in the right margin.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar dist
|
|
is currently ignored; instead, 1n is used.
|
|
.It Ic \&mediasize Ar media
|
|
Set the device media size.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&minss Ar width
|
|
Set minimum word space.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&mk Op Ar register
|
|
Mark vertical position.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&mso Ar filename
|
|
Load a macro file using the search path.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&na
|
|
Disable adjusting without changing the adjustment mode.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&ne Op Ar height
|
|
Declare the need for the specified minimum vertical space
|
|
before the next trap or the bottom of the page.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&nf
|
|
Break the output line and switch to no-fill mode.
|
|
Subsequent input lines are kept together on the same output line
|
|
even when exceeding the right margin,
|
|
and line breaks in subsequent input cause output line breaks.
|
|
This request is implied by the
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
.Ic \&Bd Fl unfilled
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \&Bd Fl literal
|
|
macros and by the
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
.Ic \&EX
|
|
macro.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic \&fi
|
|
request switches back to the default fill mode.
|
|
.It Ic \&nh
|
|
Turn off automatic hyphenation mode.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&nhychar Ar char ...
|
|
Define hyphenation-inhibiting characters.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&nm Op Ar start Op Ar inc Op Ar space Op Ar indent
|
|
Print line numbers.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&nn Op Ar number
|
|
Temporarily turn off line numbering.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&nop Ar body
|
|
Execute the rest of the input line as a request, macro, or text line,
|
|
skipping the
|
|
.Ic \&nop
|
|
request and any space characters immediately following it.
|
|
This is mostly used to indent text lines inside macro definitions.
|
|
.It Ic \&nr Ar register Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar expression Op Ar stepsize
|
|
Define or change a register.
|
|
A register is an arbitrary string value that defines some sort of state,
|
|
which influences parsing and/or formatting.
|
|
For the syntax of
|
|
.Ar expression ,
|
|
see
|
|
.Sx Numerical expressions
|
|
below.
|
|
If it is prefixed by a sign, the register will be
|
|
incremented or decremented instead of assigned to.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar stepsize
|
|
is used by the
|
|
.Ic \en+
|
|
auto-increment feature.
|
|
It remains unchanged when omitted while changing an existing register,
|
|
and it defaults to 0 when defining a new register.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following
|
|
.Ar register
|
|
is handled specially:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Cm nS
|
|
If set to a positive integer value, certain
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
macros will behave in the same way as in the
|
|
.Em SYNOPSIS
|
|
section.
|
|
If set to 0, these macros will behave in the same way as outside the
|
|
.Em SYNOPSIS
|
|
section, even when called within the
|
|
.Em SYNOPSIS
|
|
section itself.
|
|
Note that starting a new
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
section with the
|
|
.Ic \&Sh
|
|
macro will reset this register.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic \&nrf Ar register Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar expression
|
|
.Op Ar increment
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Define or change a floating-point register.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&nroff
|
|
Force nroff mode.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&ns
|
|
Turn on no-space mode.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&nx Op Ar filename
|
|
Abort processing of the current input file and process another one.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&open Ar stream file
|
|
Open a file for writing.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&opena Ar stream file
|
|
Open a file for appending.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&os
|
|
Output saved vertical space.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&output Ar string
|
|
Output directly to intermediate output.
|
|
Not supported.
|
|
.It Ic \&padj Op Cm 1 | 0
|
|
Globally control paragraph-at-once adjustment.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&papersize Ar media
|
|
Set the paper size.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&pc Op Ar char
|
|
Change the page number character.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&pev
|
|
Print environments.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&pi Ar command
|
|
Pipe output to a shell command.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&PI
|
|
Low-level request used by
|
|
.Ic \&BP .
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&pl Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar height
|
|
Change page length.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&pm
|
|
Print names and sizes of macros, strings, and diversions
|
|
to standard error output.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&pn Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar number
|
|
Change the page number of the next page.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&pnr
|
|
Print all number registers on standard error output.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&po Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar offset
|
|
Set a horizontal page offset.
|
|
If no argument is specified, the page offset is reverted to its
|
|
previous value.
|
|
If a sign is specified, the new page offset is calculated relative
|
|
to the current one; otherwise, it is absolute.
|
|
The argument follows the syntax of
|
|
.Sx Scaling Widths
|
|
and the default scaling unit is
|
|
.Cm m .
|
|
.It Ic \&ps Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns size
|
|
Change point size.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&psbb Ar filename
|
|
Retrieve the bounding box of a PostScript file.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&pshape Ar indent length ...
|
|
Set a special shape for the current paragraph.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&pso Ar command
|
|
Include output of a shell command.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&ptr
|
|
Print the names and positions of all traps on standard error output.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&pvs Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar height
|
|
Change post-vertical spacing.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&rchar Ar glyph ...
|
|
Remove glyph definitions.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&rd Op Ar prompt Op Ar argument ...
|
|
Read from standard input.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&recursionlimit Ar maxrec maxtail
|
|
Set the maximum stack depth for recursive macros.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&return Op Ar twice
|
|
Exit the presently executed macro and return to the caller.
|
|
The argument is currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&rfschar Ar font glyph ...
|
|
Remove font-specific fallback glyph definitions.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&rhang Ar font char ... afmunits
|
|
Hang characters at right margin.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&rj Op Ar N
|
|
Justify the next
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
input lines to the right margin without filling.
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
defaults to 1.
|
|
An argument of 0 or less ends right adjustment.
|
|
.It Ic \&rm Ar macroname
|
|
Remove a request, macro or string.
|
|
.It Ic \&rn Ar oldname newname
|
|
Rename a request, macro, diversion, or string.
|
|
In
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
|
|
user-defined macros,
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
macros, and user-defined strings can be renamed, but renaming of
|
|
predefined strings and of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
requests is not supported, and diversions are not implemented at all.
|
|
.It Ic \&rnn Ar oldname newname
|
|
Rename a number register.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&rr Ar register
|
|
Remove a register.
|
|
.It Ic \&rs
|
|
End no-space mode.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&rt Op Ar dist
|
|
Return to marked vertical position.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&schar Ar glyph Op Ar string
|
|
Define global fallback glyph.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&sentchar Ar char ...
|
|
Define sentence-ending characters.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&shc Op Ar glyph
|
|
Change the soft hyphen character.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&shift Op Ar number
|
|
Shift macro arguments
|
|
.Ar number
|
|
times, by default once: \e\e$i becomes what \e\e$i+number was.
|
|
Also decrement \en(.$ by
|
|
.Ar number .
|
|
.It Ic \&sizes Ar size ...
|
|
Define permissible point sizes.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&so Ar filename
|
|
Include a source file.
|
|
The file is read and its contents processed as input in place of the
|
|
.Ic \&so
|
|
request line.
|
|
To avoid inadvertent inclusion of unrelated files,
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
only accepts relative paths not containing the strings
|
|
.Qq ../
|
|
and
|
|
.Qq /.. .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This request requires
|
|
.Xr man 1
|
|
to change to the right directory before calling
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
|
|
per convention to the root of the manual tree.
|
|
Typical usage looks like:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl \&.so man3/Xcursor.3
|
|
.Pp
|
|
As the whole concept is rather fragile, the use of
|
|
.Ic \&so
|
|
is discouraged.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Xr ln 1
|
|
instead.
|
|
.It Ic \&sp Op Ar height
|
|
Break the output line and emit vertical space.
|
|
The argument follows the syntax of
|
|
.Sx Scaling Widths
|
|
and defaults to one blank line
|
|
.Pq Li 1v .
|
|
.It Ic \&spacewidth Op Cm 1 | 0
|
|
Set the space width from the font metrics file.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&special Op Ar font ...
|
|
Define a special font.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&spreadwarn Op Ar width
|
|
Warn about wide spacing between words.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&ss Ar wordspace Op Ar sentencespace
|
|
Set space character size.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&sty Ar position style
|
|
Associate style with a font position.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&substring Ar stringname startpos Op Ar endpos
|
|
Replace a user-defined string with a substring.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&sv Op Ar height
|
|
Save vertical space.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&sy Ar command
|
|
Execute shell command.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&T&
|
|
Re-start a table layout, retaining the options of the prior table
|
|
invocation.
|
|
See
|
|
.Ic \&TS .
|
|
.It Ic \&ta Op Ar width ... Op Cm T Ar width ...
|
|
Set tab stops.
|
|
Each
|
|
.Ar width
|
|
argument follows the syntax of
|
|
.Sx Scaling Widths .
|
|
If prefixed by a plus sign, it is relative to the previous tab stop.
|
|
The arguments after the
|
|
.Cm T
|
|
marker are used repeatedly as often as needed; for each reuse,
|
|
they are taken relative to the last previously established tab stop.
|
|
When
|
|
.Ic \&ta
|
|
is called without arguments, all tab stops are cleared.
|
|
.It Ic \&tc Op Ar glyph
|
|
Change tab repetition character.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&TE
|
|
End a table context.
|
|
See
|
|
.Ic \&TS .
|
|
.It Ic \&ti Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar width
|
|
Break the output line and indent the next output line by
|
|
.Ar width .
|
|
If a sign is specified, the temporary indentation is calculated
|
|
relative to the current indentation; otherwise, it is absolute.
|
|
The argument follows the syntax of
|
|
.Sx Scaling Widths
|
|
and the default scaling unit is
|
|
.Cm m .
|
|
.It Ic \&tkf Ar font minps width1 maxps width2
|
|
Enable track kerning for a font.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&tl No \& Ap Ar left Ap Ar center Ap Ar right Ap
|
|
Print a title line.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&tm Ar string
|
|
Print to standard error output.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&tm1 Ar string
|
|
Print to standard error output, allowing leading blanks.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&tmc Ar string
|
|
Print to standard error output without a trailing newline.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&tr Ar glyph glyph ...
|
|
Output character translation.
|
|
The first glyph in each pair is replaced by the second one.
|
|
Character escapes can be used; for example,
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl tr \e(xx\e(yy
|
|
.Pp
|
|
replaces all invocations of \e(xx with \e(yy.
|
|
.It Ic \&track Ar font minps width1 maxps width2
|
|
Static letter space tracking.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&transchar Ar char ...
|
|
Define transparent characters for sentence-ending.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&trf Ar filename
|
|
Output the contents of a file, disallowing invalid characters.
|
|
This is a groff extension and ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&trimat Ar left top width height
|
|
Set the TrimBox page parameter for PDF generation.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&trin Ar glyph glyph ...
|
|
Output character translation, ignored by
|
|
.Ic \&asciify .
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&trnt Ar glyph glyph ...
|
|
Output character translation, ignored by \e!.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&troff
|
|
Force troff mode.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&TS
|
|
Begin a table, which formats input in aligned rows and columns.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr tbl 7
|
|
for a description of the tbl language.
|
|
.It Ic \&uf Ar font
|
|
Globally set the underline font.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&ul Op Ar N
|
|
Underline next
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
input lines.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&unformat Ar divname
|
|
Unformat spaces and tabs in a diversion.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&unwatch Ar macroname
|
|
Disable notification for string or macro.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&unwatchn Ar register
|
|
Disable notification for register.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&vpt Op Cm 1 | 0
|
|
Enable or disable vertical position traps.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&vs Op Oo Cm + Ns | Ns Cm - Oc Ns Ar height
|
|
Change vertical spacing.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&warn Ar flags
|
|
Set warning level.
|
|
Currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&warnscale Ar si
|
|
Set the scaling indicator used in warnings.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&watch Ar macroname
|
|
Notify on change of string or macro.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&watchlength Ar maxlength
|
|
On change, report the contents of macros and strings
|
|
up to the specified length.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&watchn Ar register
|
|
Notify on change of register.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \&wh Ar dist Op Ar macroname
|
|
Set a page location trap.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \&while Ar condition body
|
|
Repeated execution while a
|
|
.Ar condition
|
|
is true, with syntax similar to
|
|
.Ic \&if .
|
|
Currently implemented with two restrictions: cannot nest,
|
|
and each loop must start and end in the same scope.
|
|
.It Ic \&write Oo \(dq Oc Ns Ar string
|
|
Write to an open file.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&writec Oo \(dq Oc Ns Ar string
|
|
Write to an open file without appending a newline.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&writem Ar macroname
|
|
Write macro or string to an open file.
|
|
Ignored because insecure.
|
|
.It Ic \&xflag Ar level
|
|
Set the extension level.
|
|
This is a Heirloom extension and currently ignored.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Numerical expressions
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic \&nr ,
|
|
.Ic \&if ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \&ie
|
|
requests accept integer numerical expressions as arguments.
|
|
These are always evaluated using the C
|
|
.Vt int
|
|
type; integer overflow works the same way as in the C language.
|
|
Numbers consist of an arbitrary number of digits
|
|
.Sq 0
|
|
to
|
|
.Sq 9
|
|
prefixed by an optional sign
|
|
.Sq +
|
|
or
|
|
.Sq - .
|
|
Each number may be followed by one optional scaling unit described below
|
|
.Sx Scaling Widths .
|
|
The following equations hold:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
1i = 6v = 6P = 10m = 10n = 72p = 1000M = 240u = 240
|
|
254c = 100i = 24000u = 24000
|
|
1f = 65536u = 65536
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following binary operators are implemented.
|
|
Unless otherwise stated, they behave as in the C language:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 2n -compact
|
|
.It Ic +
|
|
addition
|
|
.It Ic -
|
|
subtraction
|
|
.It Ic *
|
|
multiplication
|
|
.It Ic /
|
|
division
|
|
.It Ic %
|
|
remainder of division
|
|
.It Ic <
|
|
less than
|
|
.It Ic >
|
|
greater than
|
|
.It Ic ==
|
|
equal to
|
|
.It Ic =
|
|
equal to, same effect as
|
|
.Ic ==
|
|
(this differs from C)
|
|
.It Ic <=
|
|
less than or equal to
|
|
.It Ic >=
|
|
greater than or equal to
|
|
.It Ic <>
|
|
not equal to (corresponds to C
|
|
.Ic != ;
|
|
this one is of limited portability, it is supported by Heirloom roff,
|
|
but not by groff)
|
|
.It Ic &
|
|
logical and (corresponds to C
|
|
.Ic && )
|
|
.It Ic \&:
|
|
logical or (corresponds to C
|
|
.Ic || )
|
|
.It Ic <?
|
|
minimum (not available in C)
|
|
.It Ic >?
|
|
maximum (not available in C)
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
There is no concept of precedence; evaluation proceeds from left to right,
|
|
except when subexpressions are enclosed in parentheses.
|
|
Inside parentheses, whitespace is ignored.
|
|
.Sh ESCAPE SEQUENCE REFERENCE
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
.Nm
|
|
parser recognises the following escape sequences.
|
|
In
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
documents, using escape sequences is discouraged except for those
|
|
described in the
|
|
.Sx LANGUAGE SYNTAX
|
|
section above.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A backslash followed by any character not listed here
|
|
simply prints that character itself.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ds
|
|
.It Ic \e<newline>
|
|
A backslash at the end of an input line can be used to continue the
|
|
logical input line on the next physical input line, joining the text
|
|
on both lines together as if it were on a single input line.
|
|
.It Ic \e<space>
|
|
The escape sequence backslash-space
|
|
.Pq Sq \e\ \&
|
|
is an unpaddable space-sized non-breaking space character; see
|
|
.Sx Whitespace
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7 .
|
|
.It Ic \e!
|
|
Embed text up to and including the end of the input line into the
|
|
current diversion or into intermediate output without interpreting
|
|
requests, macros, and escapes.
|
|
Currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \e\(dq
|
|
The rest of the input line is treated as
|
|
.Sx Comments .
|
|
.It Ic \e#
|
|
Line continuation with comment.
|
|
Discard the rest of the physical input line and continue the logical
|
|
input line on the next physical input line, joining the text on
|
|
both lines together as if it were on a single input line.
|
|
This is a groff extension.
|
|
.It Ic \e$ Ns Ar arg
|
|
Macro argument expansion, see
|
|
.Ic \&de .
|
|
.It Ic \e%
|
|
Hyphenation allowed at this point of the word; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \e&
|
|
Non-printing zero-width character,
|
|
often used for various kinds of escaping; see
|
|
.Sx Whitespace ,
|
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
|
|
and the
|
|
.Dq MACRO SYNTAX
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Delimiters
|
|
sections in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 .
|
|
.It Ic \e\(aq
|
|
Acute accent special character; use
|
|
.Ic \e(aa
|
|
instead.
|
|
.It Ic \e( Ns Ar cc
|
|
.Sx Special Characters
|
|
with two-letter names, see
|
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7 .
|
|
.It Ic \e)
|
|
Zero-width space transparent to end-of-sentence detection;
|
|
ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \e*[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Interpolate the string with the
|
|
.Ar name .
|
|
For short names, there are variants
|
|
.Ic \e* Ns Ar c
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \e*( Ns Ar cc .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
One string is predefined on the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
language level:
|
|
.Ic \e*(.T
|
|
expands to the name of the output device,
|
|
for example ascii, utf8, ps, pdf, html, or markdown.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Macro sets traditionally predefine additional strings which are not
|
|
portable and differ across implementations.
|
|
Those supported by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
are listed in
|
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Strings can be defined, changed, and deleted with the
|
|
.Ic \&ds ,
|
|
.Ic \&as ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \&rm
|
|
requests.
|
|
.It Ic \e,
|
|
Left italic correction (groff extension); ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \e-
|
|
Special character
|
|
.Dq mathematical minus sign ;
|
|
see
|
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7
|
|
for details.
|
|
.It Ic \e/
|
|
Right italic correction (groff extension); ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \e:
|
|
Breaking the line is allowed at this point of the word
|
|
without inserting a hyphen.
|
|
.It Ic \e?
|
|
Embed the text up to the next
|
|
.Ic \e?
|
|
into the current diversion without interpreting requests, macros,
|
|
and escapes.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
.It Ic \e[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
.Sx Special Characters
|
|
with names of arbitrary length, see
|
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7 .
|
|
.It Ic \e^
|
|
One-twelfth em half-narrow space character, effectively zero-width in
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \e_
|
|
Underline special character; use
|
|
.Ic \e(ul
|
|
instead.
|
|
.It Ic \e`
|
|
Grave accent special character; use
|
|
.Ic \e(ga
|
|
instead.
|
|
.It Ic \e{
|
|
Begin conditional input; see
|
|
.Ic \&if .
|
|
.It Ic \e\(ba
|
|
One-sixth em narrow space character, effectively zero-width in
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \e}
|
|
End conditional input; see
|
|
.Ic \&if .
|
|
.It Ic \e~
|
|
Paddable non-breaking space character.
|
|
.It Ic \e0
|
|
Digit width space character.
|
|
.It Ic \eA\(aq Ns Ar string Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Anchor definition; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \ea
|
|
Leader character; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \eB\(aq Ns Ar string Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Interpolate
|
|
.Sq 1
|
|
if
|
|
.Ar string
|
|
conforms to the syntax of
|
|
.Sx Numerical expressions
|
|
explained above or
|
|
.Sq 0
|
|
otherwise.
|
|
.It Ic \eb\(aq Ns Ar string Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Bracket building function; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \eC\(aq Ns Ar name Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
.Sx Special Characters
|
|
with names of arbitrary length.
|
|
.It Ic \ec
|
|
When encountered at the end of an input text line,
|
|
the next input text line is considered to continue that line,
|
|
even if there are request or macro lines in between.
|
|
No whitespace is inserted.
|
|
.It Ic \eD\(aq Ns Ar string Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Draw graphics function; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \ed
|
|
Move down by half a line; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \eE
|
|
Escape character intended to not be interpreted in copy mode.
|
|
In
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
|
|
it currently does the same as
|
|
.Ic \e
|
|
itself.
|
|
.It Ic \ee
|
|
Backslash special character.
|
|
.It Ic \eF[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Switch font family (groff extension); ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
For short names, there are variants
|
|
.Ic \eF Ns Ar c
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \eF( Ns Ar cc .
|
|
.It Ic \ef[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Switch to the font
|
|
.Ar name ,
|
|
see
|
|
.Sx Font Selection .
|
|
For short names, there are variants
|
|
.Ic \ef Ns Ar c
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \ef( Ns Ar cc .
|
|
An empty name
|
|
.Ic \ef[]
|
|
defaults to
|
|
.Ic \efP .
|
|
.It Ic \eg[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Interpolate the format of a number register; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
For short names, there are variants
|
|
.Ic \eg Ns Ar c
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \eg( Ns Ar cc .
|
|
.It Ic \eH\(aq Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns Ar number Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Set the height of the current font; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \eh\(aq Ns Oo Cm \&| Oc Ns Ar width Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Horizontal motion.
|
|
If the vertical bar is given, the motion is relative to the current
|
|
indentation.
|
|
Otherwise, it is relative to the current position.
|
|
The default scaling unit is
|
|
.Cm m .
|
|
.It Ic \ek[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Mark horizontal input place in register; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
For short names, there are variants
|
|
.Ic \ek Ns Ar c
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \ek( Ns Ar cc .
|
|
.It Ic \eL\(aq Ns Ar number Ns Oo Ar c Oc Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Vertical line drawing function; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \el\(aq Ns Ar width Ns Oo Ar c Oc Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Draw a horizontal line of
|
|
.Ar width
|
|
using the glyph
|
|
.Ar c .
|
|
.It Ic \eM[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Set fill (background) color (groff extension); ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
For short names, there are variants
|
|
.Ic \eM Ns Ar c
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \eM( Ns Ar cc .
|
|
.It Ic \em[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Set glyph drawing color (groff extension); ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
For short names, there are variants
|
|
.Ic \em Ns Ar c
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \em( Ns Ar cc .
|
|
.It Ic \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Character
|
|
.Ar number
|
|
on the current font.
|
|
.It Ic \en Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns Ic \&[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Interpolate the number register
|
|
.Ar name .
|
|
For short names, there are variants
|
|
.Ic \en Ns Ar c
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \en( Ns Ar cc .
|
|
If the optional sign is specified,
|
|
the register is first incremented or decremented by the
|
|
.Ar stepsize
|
|
that was specified in the relevant
|
|
.Ic \&nr
|
|
request, and the changed value is interpolated.
|
|
.It Ic \eO Ns Ar digit , Ic \eO[5 Ns arguments Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Suppress output.
|
|
This is a groff extension and currently unsupported.
|
|
With an argument of
|
|
.Ic 1 , 2 , 3 ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Ic 4 ,
|
|
it is ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \eo\(aq Ns Ar string Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Overstrike, writing all the characters contained in the
|
|
.Ar string
|
|
to the same output position.
|
|
In terminal and HTML output modes,
|
|
only the last one of the characters is visible.
|
|
.It Ic \ep
|
|
Break the output line at the end of the current word.
|
|
.It Ic \eR\(aq Ns Ar name Oo +|- Oc Ns Ar number Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Set number register; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \er
|
|
Move up by one line; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \eS\(aq Ns Ar number Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Slant output; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \es\(aq Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns Ar number Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Change point size; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
Alternative forms
|
|
.Ic \es Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns Ar n ,
|
|
.Ic \es Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns Ic \(aq Ns Ar number Ns Ic \(aq ,
|
|
.Ic \es[ Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns Ar number Ns Ic \&] ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \es Ns Oo +|- Oc Ns Ic \&[ Ns Ar number Ns Ic \&]
|
|
are also parsed and ignored.
|
|
.It Ic \et
|
|
Horizontal tab; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \eu
|
|
Move up by half a line; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \eV[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Interpolate an environment variable; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
For short names, there are variants
|
|
.Ic \eV Ns Ar c
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \eV( Ns Ar cc .
|
|
.It Ic \ev\(aq Ns Ar number Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Vertical motion; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \ew\(aq Ns Ar string Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Interpolate the width of the
|
|
.Ar string .
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
implementation assumes that after expansion of user-defined strings, the
|
|
.Ar string
|
|
only contains normal characters, no escape sequences, and that each
|
|
character has a width of 24 basic units.
|
|
.It Ic \eX\(aq Ns Ar string Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Output
|
|
.Ar string
|
|
as device control function; ignored in nroff mode and by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \ex\(aq Ns Ar number Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Extra line space function; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \eY[ Ns Ar name Ns Ic \&]
|
|
Output a string as a device control function; ignored in nroff mode and by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
For short names, there are variants
|
|
.Ic \eY Ns Ar c
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic \eY( Ns Ar cc .
|
|
.It Ic \eZ\(aq Ns Ar string Ns Ic \(aq
|
|
Print
|
|
.Ar string
|
|
with zero width and height; ignored by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 .
|
|
.It Ic \ez
|
|
Output the next character without advancing the cursor position.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
implementation of the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
language is incomplete.
|
|
Major unimplemented features include:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -dash -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
For security reasons,
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
never reads or writes external files except via
|
|
.Ic \&so
|
|
requests with safe relative paths.
|
|
.It
|
|
There is no automatic hyphenation, no adjustment to the right margin,
|
|
and very limited support for centering; the output is always set flush-left.
|
|
.It
|
|
Support for setting tabulator and leader characters is missing,
|
|
and support for manually changing indentation is limited.
|
|
.It
|
|
The
|
|
.Sq u
|
|
scaling unit is the default terminal unit.
|
|
In traditional troff systems, this unit changes depending on the
|
|
output media.
|
|
.It
|
|
Width measurements are implemented in a crude way
|
|
and often yield wrong results.
|
|
Support for explicit movement requests and escapes is limited.
|
|
.It
|
|
There is no concept of output pages, no support for floats,
|
|
graphics drawing, and picture inclusion;
|
|
terminal output is always continuous.
|
|
.It
|
|
Requests regarding color, font families, font sizes,
|
|
and glyph manipulation are ignored.
|
|
Font support is very limited.
|
|
Kerning is not implemented, and no ligatures are produced.
|
|
.It
|
|
The
|
|
.Qq \(aq
|
|
macro control character does not suppress output line breaks.
|
|
.It
|
|
Diversions and environments are not implemented,
|
|
and support for traps is very incomplete.
|
|
.It
|
|
Use of macros is not supported inside
|
|
.Xr tbl 7
|
|
code.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The special semantics of the
|
|
.Cm nS
|
|
number register is an idiosyncrasy of
|
|
.Ox
|
|
manuals and not supported by other
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
implementations.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
|
|
.Xr eqn 7 ,
|
|
.Xr man 7 ,
|
|
.Xr mandoc_char 7 ,
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 ,
|
|
.Xr tbl 7
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%A Joseph F. Ossanna
|
|
.%A Brian W. Kernighan
|
|
.%I AT&T Bell Laboratories
|
|
.%T Troff User's Manual
|
|
.%R Computing Science Technical Report
|
|
.%N 54
|
|
.%C Murray Hill, New Jersey
|
|
.%D 1976 and 1992
|
|
.%U http://www.kohala.com/start/troff/cstr54.ps
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%A Joseph F. Ossanna
|
|
.%A Brian W. Kernighan
|
|
.%A Gunnar Ritter
|
|
.%T Heirloom Documentation Tools Nroff/Troff User's Manual
|
|
.%D September 17, 2007
|
|
.%U http://heirloom.sourceforge.net/doctools/troff.pdf
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The RUNOFF typesetting system, whose input forms the basis for
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
was written in MAD and FAP for the CTSS operating system by Jerome E.
|
|
Saltzer in 1964.
|
|
Doug McIlroy rewrote it in BCPL in 1969, renaming it
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
Dennis M. Ritchie rewrote McIlroy's
|
|
.Nm
|
|
in PDP-11 assembly for
|
|
.At v1 ,
|
|
Joseph F. Ossanna improved roff and renamed it nroff
|
|
for
|
|
.At v2 ,
|
|
then ported nroff to C as troff, which Brian W. Kernighan released with
|
|
.At v7 .
|
|
In 1989, James Clark re-implemented troff in C++, naming it groff.
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An -nosplit
|
|
This
|
|
.Nm
|
|
reference was written by
|
|
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv
|
|
and
|
|
.An Ingo Schwarze Aq Mt schwarze@openbsd.org .
|