181 lines
4.7 KiB
Groff
181 lines
4.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)ns.4 8.2 (Berkeley) 11/30/93
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.\" $Id$
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.\"
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.Dd November 30, 1993
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.Dt NS 4
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.Os BSD 4.3
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ns
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.Nd Xerox Network Systems(tm) protocol family
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm options NS
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.Nm options NSIP
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.Nm pseudo-device ns
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Tn NS
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protocol family is a collection of protocols
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layered atop the
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.Em Internet Datagram Protocol
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.Pq Tn IDP
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transport layer, and using the Xerox
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.Tn NS
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address formats.
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The
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.Tn NS
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family provides protocol support for the
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.Dv SOCK_STREAM , SOCK_DGRAM , SOCK_SEQPACKET ,
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and
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.Dv SOCK_RAW
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socket types; the
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.Dv SOCK_RAW
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interface is a debugging tool, allowing you to trace all packets
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entering, (or with toggling kernel variable, additionally leaving) the local
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host.
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.Sh ADDRESSING
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.Tn NS
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addresses are 12 byte quantities, consisting of a
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4 byte Network number, a 6 byte Host number and a 2 byte port number,
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all stored in network standard format.
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(on the
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.Tn VAX
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these are word and byte reversed; on the
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.Tn SUN
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they are not
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reversed). The include file
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.Aq Pa netns/ns.h
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defines the
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.Tn NS
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address as a structure containing unions (for quicker
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comparisons).
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.Pp
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Sockets in the Internet protocol family use the following
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addressing structure:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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struct sockaddr_ns {
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short sns_family;
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struct ns_addr sns_addr;
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char sns_zero[2];
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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where an
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.Ar ns_addr
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is composed as follows:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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union ns_host {
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u_char c_host[6];
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u_short s_host[3];
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};
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union ns_net {
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u_char c_net[4];
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u_short s_net[2];
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};
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struct ns_addr {
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union ns_net x_net;
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union ns_host x_host;
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u_short x_port;
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Sockets may be created with an address of all zeroes to effect
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.Dq wildcard
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matching on incoming messages.
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The local port address specified in a
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.Xr bind 2
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call is restricted to be greater than
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.Dv NSPORT_RESERVED
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(=3000, in
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.Aq Pa netns/ns.h )
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unless the creating process is running
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as the super-user, providing a space of protected port numbers.
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.Sh PROTOCOLS
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The
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.Tn NS
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protocol family supported by the operating system
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is comprised of
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the Internet Datagram Protocol
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.Pq Tn IDP
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.Xr idp 4 ,
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Error Protocol (available through
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.Tn IDP ) ,
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and
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Sequenced Packet Protocol
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.Pq Tn SPP
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.Xr spp 4 .
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.Pp
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.Tn SPP
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is used to support the
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.Dv SOCK_STREAM
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and
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.Dv SOCK_SEQPACKET
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abstraction,
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while
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.Tn IDP
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is used to support the
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.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
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abstraction.
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The Error protocol is responded to by the kernel
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to handle and report errors in protocol processing;
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it is, however,
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only accessible to user programs through heroic actions.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr byteorder 3 ,
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.Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
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.Xr getnetent 3 ,
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.Xr getprotoent 3 ,
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.Xr getservent 3 ,
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.Xr intro 3 ,
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.Xr ns 3 ,
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.Xr idp 4 ,
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.Xr intro 4 ,
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.Xr nsip 4 ,
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.Xr spp 4
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.Rs
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.%T "Internet Transport Protocols"
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.%R Xerox Corporation document XSIS
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.%N 028112
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.Re
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.Rs
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.%T "An Advanced 4.3 BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial"
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.Re
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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protocol family
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appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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