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on every allocation and fully releases them on every free. These are not trivial costs: it starts by zeroing a large structure then initializes a mutex, a lock manager lock, an rw lock, four lists, and six pointers. And looking at vfs.vnodes_created, these operations are being done millions of times an hour on a busy machine. As a performance optimization, this code update uses the uma_init and uma_fini routines to do these initializations and cleanups only as the vnodes enter and leave the vnode_zone. With this change the initializations are only done kern.maxvnodes times at system startup and then only rarely again. The frees are done only if the vnode_zone shrinks which never happens in practice. For those curious about the avoided work, look at the vnode_init() and vnode_fini() functions in kern/vfs_subr.c to see the code that has been removed from the main vnode allocation/free path. Reviewed by: kib Tested by: Peter Holm