3f610476ac
indicator are treated as strings, so "-offset 0" will set the offset to the width of the string "0", as opposed to "no offset". TIP: if offset is not needed, the -offset clause may be omitted.
389 lines
14 KiB
Groff
389 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1996-1999 Whistle Communications, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Subject to the following obligations and disclaimer of warranty, use and
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.\" redistribution of this software, in source or object code forms, with or
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.\" without modifications are expressly permitted by Whistle Communications;
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.\" provided, however, that:
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.\" 1. Any and all reproductions of the source or object code must include the
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.\" copyright notice above and the following disclaimer of warranties; and
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.\" 2. No rights are granted, in any manner or form, to use Whistle
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.\" Communications, Inc. trademarks, including the mark "WHISTLE
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.\" COMMUNICATIONS" on advertising, endorsements, or otherwise except as
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.\" such appears in the above copyright notice or in the software.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED BY WHISTLE COMMUNICATIONS "AS IS", AND
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.\" TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, WHISTLE COMMUNICATIONS MAKES NO
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.\" REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THIS SOFTWARE,
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.\" INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
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.\" WHISTLE COMMUNICATIONS DOES NOT WARRANT, GUARANTEE, OR MAKE ANY
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.\" REPRESENTATIONS REGARDING THE USE OF, OR THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF THIS
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.\" SOFTWARE IN TERMS OF ITS CORRECTNESS, ACCURACY, RELIABILITY OR OTHERWISE.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL WHISTLE COMMUNICATIONS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES
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.\" RESULTING FROM OR ARISING OUT OF ANY USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING
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.\" WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY,
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.\" PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
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.\" SERVICES, LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, HOWEVER CAUSED AND UNDER ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF WHISTLE COMMUNICATIONS IS ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
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.\" OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" Author: Archie Cobbs <archie@FreeBSD.org>
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\" $Whistle: ng_ppp.8,v 1.3 1999/01/25 23:46:27 archie Exp $
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.\"
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.Dd January 19, 1999
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.Dt NG_PPP 4
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.Os FreeBSD
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ng_ppp
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.Nd PPP protocol netgraph node type
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <netgraph/ng_ppp.h>
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm ppp
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node type performs multiplexing for the PPP protocol. It handles
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only packets that contain data, and forwards protocol negotiation
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and control packets to a separate controlling entity (e.g., a
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user-land daemon). This approach combines the fast dispatch of
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kernel implementations with the configuration flexibility of a
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user-land implementations. The PPP node type directly supports
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multi-link PPP, Van Jacobson compression, PPP compression, PPP
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encryption, and the IP, IPX, and AppleTalk protocols. A single
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PPP node corresponds to one PPP multi-link bundle.
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.Pp
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There is a separate hook for each PPP link in the bundle, plus
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several hooks corresponding to the directly supported protocols.
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For compression and encryption, separate attached nodes are required
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to do the actual work. The node type used will of course depend
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on the algorithm negotiated. There is also a
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.Dv bypass
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hook which is used to handle any protocol not directly supported
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by the node. This includes all of the control protocols: LCP, IPCP,
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CCP, etc. Typically this node is connected to a user-land daemon
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via a
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.Xr ng_socket 4
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type node.
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.Sh ENABLING FUNCTIONALITY
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In general, the PPP node enables a specific link or functionality when
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(a) a
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.Dv NGM_PPP_SET_CONFIG
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message has been received which enables it, and
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(b) the corresponding hook(s) are connected.
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This allows the controlling entity to use either method (a) or (b)
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(or both) to control the node's behavior.
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When a link is connected but disabled, traffic can still flow on
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the link via the
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.Dv bypass
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hook (see below).
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.Sh LINK HOOKS
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During normal operation, the individual PPP links are connected to hooks
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.Dv link0 ,
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.Dv link1 ,
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etc. Up to
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.Dv NG_PPP_MAX_LINKS
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links are supported.
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These device-independent hooks transmit and receive full PPP
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frames, which include the PPP protocol, address, control, and
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information fields, but no checksum or other link-specific fields.
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.Pp
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On outgoing frames, when protocol compression
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has been enabled and the protocol number is suitable for compression,
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the protocol field will be compressed (i.e., sent as one byte
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instead of two). Either compressed or uncompressed protocol fields
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are accepted on incoming frames. Similarly, if address and control
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field compression has been enabled for the link, the address and
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control fields will be omitted (except for LCP frames as required
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by the standards). Incoming frames have the address and control fields
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stripped automatically if present.
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.Pp
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Since all negotiation is handled outside the PPP node, the links
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should not be connected and enabled until the corresponding link
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has reached the network phase (i.e., LCP negotiation and authentication
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have completed successfully) and the PPP node has been informed of
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the link parameters via the
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.Dv NGM_PPP_LINK_CONFIG
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message.
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.Pp
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When a link is connected but disabled, all received frames are forwarded
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directly out the
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.Dv bypass
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hook, and conversely, frames may be transmitted via the
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.Dv bypass
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hook as well. This mode is appropriate for the link authentication phase.
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As soon as the link is enabled, the PPP node will
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begin processing frames received on the link.
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.Sh COMPRESSION AND ENCRYPTION
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Compression is supported via two hooks,
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.Dv compress
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and
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.Dv decompress .
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When enabled and connected, the PPP node writes outgoing frames on the
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.Dv comp
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hook and expects to receive back the compressed frame on the same hook.
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Similarly, the
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.Dv decompress
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hook is used to uncompress incoming frames when decompression is
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negotiated (compression and decompression are independently negotiable).
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The type of node attached to these hooks should correspond
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to the type of compression negotiated, e.g., Deflate, Predictor-1, etc.
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.Pp
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Encryption works exactly analogously via the
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.Dv encrypt
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and
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.Dv decrypt
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nodes. Data is always compressed before being encrypted,
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and decrypted before being decompressed.
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.Pp
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Only bundle-level compression and encryption is directly supported;
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link-level compression and encryption can be handled transparently
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by downstream nodes.
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.Sh VAN JACOBSON COMPRESSION
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When all of the
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.Dv vjc_ip ,
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.Dv vjc_vjcomp ,
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.Dv vjc_vjuncomp ,
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and
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.Dv vjc_vjip
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hooks are connected, and the corresponding configuration flag is
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enabled, Van Jacobson compression and/or decompression will become active.
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Normally these hooks connect to the corresponding hooks of a single
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.Xr ng_vjc 4
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node. The PPP node is compatible with the
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.Dq pass through
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modes of the
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.Xr ng_vjc 4
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node type.
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.Sh BYPASS HOOK
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When a frame is received on a link with an unsupported protocol,
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or a protocol which is disabled or for which the corresponding hook
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is unconnected, the PPP node forwards the frame out the
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.Dv bypass
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hook, prepended with a four byte prefix. This first two bytes of
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the prefix indicate the link number on which the frame was received
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(in network order).
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For such frames received over the bundle (i.e., encapsulated in the
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multi-link protocol), the special link number
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.Dv NG_PPP_BUNDLE_LINKNUM
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is used. After the two byte link number is the two byte PPP protocol number
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(also in network order).
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The PPP protocol number is two bytes long even if the original frame
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was protocol compressed.
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.Pp
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Conversely, any data written to the
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.Dv bypass
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hook is assumed to be in this same format. The four byte header is
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stripped off, the PPP protocol number is prepended (possibly compressed),
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and the frame is delivered over the desired link.
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If the link number is
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.Dv NG_PPP_BUNDLE_LINKNUM
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the frame will be delivered over the multi-link bundle; or, if multi-link
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is disabled, over the (single) PPP link.
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.Pp
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Typically when the controlling entity receives an unexpected packet on the
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.Dv bypass
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hook it responds either by dropping the frame (if it's not ready for
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the protocol) or with an LCP protocol reject (if it doesn't recognize
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or expect the protocol).
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.Sh MULTILINK OPERATION
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To enable multi-link PPP, the corresponding configuration flag must be set
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and at least one link connected. The PPP node will not allow more than
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one link to be connected if multi-link is not enabled, nor will it allow
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certain multi-link settings to be changed while multi-link operation is
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active (e.g., short sequence number header format).
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.Pp
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Because packets are sent as fragments across multiple individual links,
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it is important that when a link goes down the PPP node is notified
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immediately, either by disconnecting the corresponding hook or disabling
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the link via the
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.Dv NGM_PPP_SET_CONFIG
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control message.
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.Pp
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Each link has configuration parameters for latency (specified in
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milliseconds) and bandwidth (specified in tens of bytes per second).
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The PPP node can be configured for
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.Em round-robin
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or
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.Em optimized
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packet delivery.
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.Pp
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When configured for round-robin delivery, the latency and bandwidth
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values are ignored and the PPP node simply sends each frame as a
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single fragment, alternating frames across all the links in the
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bundle. This scheme has the advantage that even if one link fails
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silently, some packets will still get through. It has the disadvantage
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of sub-optimal overall bundle latency, which is important for
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interactive response time, and sub-optimal overall bundle bandwidth
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when links with different bandwidths exist in the same bundle.
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.Pp
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When configured for optimal delivery, the PPP node distributes the
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packet across the links in a way that minimizes the time it takes
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for the completed packet to be received by the far end. This
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involves taking into account each link's latency, bandwidth, and
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current queue length. Therefore these numbers should be
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configured as accurately as possible. The algorithm does require
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some computation, so may not be appropriate for very slow machines
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and/or very fast links.
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.Pp
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As a special case, if all links have identical latency and bandwidth,
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then the above algorithm is disabled (because it is unnecessary)
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and the PPP node simply fragments frames into equal sized portions
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across all of the links.
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.Sh HOOKS
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This node type supports the following hooks:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -compact -width vjc_vjuncomp
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.It Dv link<N>
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Individual PPP link number
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.Dv <N>
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.It Dv compress
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Connection to compression engine
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.It Dv decompress
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Connection to decompression engine
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.It Dv encrypt
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Connection to encryption engine
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.It Dv decrypt
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Connection to decryption engine
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.It Dv vjc_ip
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Connection to
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.Xr ng_vjc 4
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.Dv ip
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hook
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.It Dv vjc_vjcomp
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Connection to
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.Xr ng_vjc 4
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.Dv vjcomp
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hook
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.It Dv vjc_vjuncomp
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Connection to
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.Xr ng_vjc 4
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.Dv vjuncomp
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hook
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.It Dv vjc_vjip
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Connection to
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.Xr ng_vjc 4
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.Dv vjip
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hook
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.It Dv inet
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IP packet data
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.It Dv atalk
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AppleTalk packet data
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.It Dv ipx
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IPX packet data
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.It Dv bypass
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Bypass hook; frames have a four byte header consisting of
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a link number and a PPP protocol number.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Sh CONTROL MESSAGES
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This node type supports the generic control messages, plus the following:
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.Bl -tag -width foo
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.It Dv NGM_PPP_SET_CONFIG
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This command configures all aspects of the node. This includes enabling
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multi-link PPP, encryption, compression, Van Jacobson compression, and IP,
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AppleTalk, and IPX packet delivery. It includes per-link configuration,
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including enabling the link, setting latency and bandwidth parameters,
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and enabling protocol field compression. Note that no link or functionality
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is active until the corresponding hook is also connected.
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This command takes a
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.Dv "struct ng_ppp_node_config"
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as an argument:
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.Bd -literal -offset 0n
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/* Per-link config structure */
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struct ng_ppp_link_config {
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u_char enableLink; /* enable this link */
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u_char enableProtoComp;/* enable protocol field compression */
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u_char enableACFComp; /* enable addr/ctrl field compression */
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u_int16_t mru; /* peer MRU */
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u_int32_t latency; /* link latency (in milliseconds) */
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u_int32_t bandwidth; /* link bandwidth (in bytes/second) */
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};
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/* Node config structure */
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struct ng_ppp_node_config {
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u_int16_t mrru; /* multilink peer MRRU */
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u_char enableMultilink; /* enable multilink */
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u_char recvShortSeq; /* recv multilink short seq # */
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u_char xmitShortSeq; /* xmit multilink short seq # */
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u_char enableRoundRobin; /* xmit whole packets */
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u_char enableIP; /* enable IP data flow */
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u_char enableAtalk; /* enable AppleTalk data flow */
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u_char enableIPX; /* enable IPX data flow */
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u_char enableCompression; /* enable PPP compression */
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u_char enableDecompression; /* enable PPP decompression */
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u_char enableEncryption; /* enable PPP encryption */
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u_char enableDecryption; /* enable PPP decryption */
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u_char enableVJCompression; /* enable VJ compression */
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u_char enableVJDecompression; /* enable VJ decompression */
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struct ng_ppp_link_config /* per link config params */
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links[NG_PPP_MAX_LINKS];
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.It Dv NGM_PPP_GET_CONFIG
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Returns the current configuration as a
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.Dv "struct ng_ppp_node_config" .
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.It Dv NGM_PPP_GET_LINK_STATS
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This command takes a two byte link number as an argument and returns a
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.Dv "struct ng_ppp_link_stat"
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containing statistics for the corresponding link. Here
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.Dv NG_PPP_BUNDLE_LINKNUM
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is a valid link number corresponding to the multi-link bundle.
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.It Dv NGM_PPP_CLR_LINK_STATS
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This command takes a two byte link number as an argument and
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clears the statistics for that link.
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.It Dv NGM_PPP_GETCLR_LINK_STATS
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Same as
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.Dv NGM_PPP_GET_LINK_STATS ,
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but also atomically clears the statistics as well.
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.El
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.Pp
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This node type also accepts the control messages accepted by the
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.Xr ng_vjc 4
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node type. When received, these messages are simply forwarded to
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the adjacent
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.Xr ng_vjc 4
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node, if any. This is particularly useful when the individual
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PPP links are able to generate
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.Dv NGM_VJC_RECV_ERROR
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messages (see
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.Xr ng_vjc 4
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for a description).
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.Sh SHUTDOWN
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This node shuts down upon receipt of a
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.Dv NGM_SHUTDOWN
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control message, or when all hooks have been disconnected.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr netgraph 4 ,
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.Xr ng_async 4 ,
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.Xr ng_iface 4 ,
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.Xr ng_mppc 4 ,
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.Xr ng_pppoe 4 ,
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.Xr ng_vjc 4 ,
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.Xr ngctl 8
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.Rs
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.%A W. Simpson
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.%T "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)"
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.%O RFC 1661
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.Re
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.Rs
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.%A K. Sklower
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.%A B. Lloyd
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.%A G. McGregor
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.%A D. Carr
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.%A T. Coradetti
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.%T "The PPP Multilink Protocol (MP)"
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.%O RFC 1990
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.Re
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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node type was implemented in
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.Fx 4.0 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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|
.An Archie Cobbs Aq archie@FreeBSD.org
|