36058c09e4
- add rm_try_rlock(). - add RM_SLEEPABLE to use sx(9) as the back-end lock in order to sleep while holding the write lock. - change rm_noreadtoken to a cpu bitmask to indicate which CPUs need to go through the lock/unlock in order to synchronize. As a side effect, this also avoids IPI to CPUs without any readers during rm_wlock. Discussed with: ups@, rwatson@ on arch@ Sponsored by: Isilon Systems, Inc.
257 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
257 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2007 Stephan Uphoff <ups@FreeBSD.org>
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.\" Copyright (c) 2006 Gleb Smirnoff <glebius@FreeBSD.org>
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.\" Based on rwlock.9 man page
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.Dd November 10, 2007
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.Dt RMLOCK 9
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rmlock ,
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.Nm rm_init ,
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.Nm rm_init_flags ,
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.Nm rm_destroy ,
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.Nm rm_rlock ,
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.Nm rm_try_rlock ,
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.Nm rm_wlock ,
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.Nm rm_runlock ,
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.Nm rm_wunlock ,
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.Nm rm_wowned ,
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.Nm RM_SYSINIT
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.Nd kernel reader/writer lock optimized for mostly read access patterns
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/param.h
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.In sys/lock.h
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.In sys/rmlock.h
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.Ft void
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.Fn rm_init "struct rmlock *rm" "const char *name"
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.Ft void
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.Fn rm_init_flags "struct rmlock *rm" "const char *name" "int opts"
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.Ft void
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.Fn rm_destroy "struct rmlock *rm"
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.Ft void
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.Fn rm_rlock "struct rmlock *rm" "struct rm_priotracker* tracker"
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.Ft int
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.Fn rm_try_rlock "struct rmlock *rm" "struct rm_priotracker* tracker"
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.Ft void
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.Fn rm_wlock "struct rmlock *rm"
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.Ft void
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.Fn rm_runlock "struct rmlock *rm" "struct rm_priotracker* tracker"
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.Ft void
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.Fn rm_wunlock "struct rmlock *rm"
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.Ft int
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.Fn rm_wowned "struct rmlock *rm"
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.In sys/kernel.h
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.Fn RM_SYSINIT "name" "struct rmlock *rm" "const char *desc" "int opts"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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Mostly reader locks allow shared access to protected data by multiple threads,
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or exclusive access by a single thread.
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The threads with shared access are known as
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.Em readers
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since they only read the protected data.
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A thread with exclusive access is known as a
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.Em writer
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since it can modify protected data.
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.Pp
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Read mostly locks are designed to be efficient for locks almost exclusively
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used as reader locks and as such should be used for protecting data that
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rarely changes.
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Acquiring an exclusive lock after the lock had been locked for shared access
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is an expensive operation.
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.Pp
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Although reader/writer locks look very similar to
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.Xr sx 9
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locks, their usage pattern is different.
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Reader/writer locks can be treated as mutexes (see
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.Xr mutex 9 )
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with shared/exclusive semantics unless initialized with
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.Dv RM_SLEEPABLE .
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Unlike
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.Xr sx 9 ,
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an
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.Nm
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can be locked while holding a non-spin mutex, and an
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.Nm
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cannot be held while sleeping, again unless initialized with
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.Dv RM_SLEEPABLE .
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The
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.Nm
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locks have full priority propagation like mutexes.
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The
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.Va rm_priotracker
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structure argument supplied in
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.Fn rm_rlock
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and
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.Fn rm_runlock
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is used to keep track of the read owner(s).
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Another important property is that shared holders of
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.Nm
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can recurse if the lock has been initialized with the
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.Dv LO_RECURSABLE
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option, however exclusive locks are not allowed to recurse.
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.Ss Macros and Functions
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fn rm_init "struct rmlock *rm" "const char *name"
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Initialize structure located at
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.Fa rm
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as mostly reader lock, described by
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.Fa name .
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The name description is used solely for debugging purposes.
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This function must be called before any other operations
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on the lock.
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.It Fn rm_init_flags "struct rmlock *rm" "const char *name" "int opts"
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Initialize the rm lock just like the
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.Fn rm_init
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function, but specifying a set of optional flags to alter the
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behaviour of
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.Fa rm ,
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through the
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.Fa opts
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argument.
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It contains one or more of the following flags:
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.Bl -tag -width ".Dv RM_NOWITNESS"
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.It Dv RM_NOWITNESS
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Instruct
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.Xr witness 4
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to ignore this lock.
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.It Dv RM_RECURSE
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Allow threads to recursively acquire exclusive locks for
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.Fa rm .
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.It Dv RM_SLEEPABLE
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Allow writers to sleep while holding the lock.
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Readers must not sleep while holding the lock and can avoid to sleep on
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taking the lock by using
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.Fn rm_try_rlock
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instead of
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.Fn rm_rlock .
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.El
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.It Fn rm_rlock "struct rmlock *rm" "struct rm_priotracker* tracker"
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Lock
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.Fa rm
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as a reader.
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Using
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.Fa tracker
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to track read owners of a lock for priority propagation.
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This data structure is only used internally by
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.Nm
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and must persist until
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.Fn rm_runlock
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has been called.
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This data structure can be allocated on the stack since
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rmlocks cannot be held while sleeping.
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If any thread holds this lock exclusively, the current thread blocks,
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and its priority is propagated to the exclusive holder.
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If the lock was initialized with the
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.Dv LO_RECURSABLE
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option the
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.Fn rm_rlock
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function can be called when the thread has already acquired reader
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access on
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.Fa rm .
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This is called
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.Dq "recursing on a lock" .
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.It Fn rm_try_rlock "struct rmlock *rm" "struct rm_priotracker* tracker"
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Try to lock
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.Fa rm
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as a reader.
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.Fn rm_try_rlock
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will return 0 if the lock cannot be acquired immediately;
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otherwise the lock will be acquired and a non-zero value will be returned.
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Note that
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.Fn rm_try_rlock
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may fail even while the lock is not currently held by a writer.
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.It Fn rm_wlock "struct rmlock *rm"
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Lock
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.Fa rm
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as a writer.
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If there are any shared owners of the lock, the current thread blocks.
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The
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.Fn rm_wlock
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function cannot be called recursively.
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.It Fn rm_runlock "struct rmlock *rm" "struct rm_priotracker* tracker"
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This function releases a shared lock previously acquired by
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.Fn rm_rlock .
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The
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.Fa tracker
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argument must match the
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.Fa tracker
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argument used for acquiring the shared lock
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.It Fn rm_wunlock "struct rmlock *rm"
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This function releases an exclusive lock previously acquired by
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.Fn rm_wlock .
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.It Fn rm_destroy "struct rmlock *rm"
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This functions destroys a lock previously initialized with
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.Fn rm_init .
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The
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.Fa rm
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lock must be unlocked.
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.It Fn rm_wowned "struct rmlock *rm"
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This function returns a non-zero value if the current thread owns an
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exclusive lock on
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.Fa rm .
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr locking 9 ,
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.Xr mutex 9 ,
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.Xr panic 9 ,
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.Xr rwlock 9 ,
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.Xr sema 9 ,
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.Xr sx 9
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.Sh HISTORY
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These
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functions appeared in
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.Fx 7.0 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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.An -nosplit
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The
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.Nm
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facility was written by
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.An "Stephan Uphoff" .
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This manual page was written by
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.An "Gleb Smirnoff"
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for rwlock and modified to reflect rmlock by
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.An "Stephan Uphoff" .
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.Sh BUGS
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The
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.Nm
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implementation is currently not optimized for single processor systems.
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.Pp
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.Fn rm_try_rlock
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can fail transiently even when there is no writer, while another reader
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updates the state on the local CPU.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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implementation uses a single per CPU list shared by all
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rmlocks in the system.
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If rmlocks become popular, hashing to multiple per CPU queues may
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be needed to speed up the writer lock process.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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can currently not be used as a lock argument for condition variable
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wait functions.
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