fbbd9655e5
Renumber cluase 4 to 3, per what everybody else did when BSD granted them permission to remove clause 3. My insistance on keeping the same numbering for legal reasons is too pedantic, so give up on that point. Submitted by: Jan Schaumann <jschauma@stevens.edu> Pull Request: https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd/pull/96
191 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
191 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)netgroup.5 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd December 11, 1993
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.Dt NETGROUP 5
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm netgroup
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.Nd defines network groups
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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file
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specifies ``netgroups'', which are sets of
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.Sy (host, user, domain)
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tuples that are to be given similar network access.
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.Pp
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Each line in the file
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consists of a netgroup name followed by a list of the members of the
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netgroup.
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Each member can be either the name of another netgroup or a specification
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of a tuple as follows:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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(host, user, domain)
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.Ed
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.Pp
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where the
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.Sy host ,
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.Sy user ,
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and
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.Sy domain
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are character string names for the corresponding component.
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Any of the comma separated fields may be empty to specify a ``wildcard'' value
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or may consist of the string ``-'' to specify ``no valid value''.
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The members of the list may be separated by whitespace and/or commas;
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the ``\e'' character may be used at the end of a line to specify
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line continuation.
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Lines are limited to 1024 characters.
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The functions specified in
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.Xr getnetgrent 3
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should normally be used to access the
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.Nm
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database.
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.Pp
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Lines that begin with a # are treated as comments.
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.Sh NIS/YP INTERACTION
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On most other platforms,
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.Nm Ns s
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are only used in conjunction with
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.Tn NIS
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and local
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.Pa /etc/netgroup
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files are ignored.
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With
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.Fx ,
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.Nm Ns s
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can be used with either
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.Tn NIS
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or local files, but there are certain
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caveats to consider.
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The existing
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.Nm
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system is extremely inefficient where
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.Fn innetgr 3
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lookups are concerned since
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.Nm
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memberships are computed on the fly.
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By contrast, the
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.Tn NIS
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.Nm
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database consists of three separate maps (netgroup, netgroup.byuser
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and netgroup.byhost) that are keyed to allow
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.Fn innetgr 3
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lookups to be done quickly.
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The
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.Fx
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.Nm
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system can interact with the
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.Tn NIS
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.Nm
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maps in the following ways:
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.Bl -bullet -offset indent
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.It
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If the
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.Pa /etc/netgroup
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file does not exist, or it exists and is empty, or
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it exists and contains only a
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.Sq + ,
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and
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.Tn NIS
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is running,
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.Nm
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lookups will be done exclusively through
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.Tn NIS ,
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with
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.Fn innetgr 3
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taking advantage of the netgroup.byuser and
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netgroup.byhost maps to speed up searches.
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(This
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is more or less compatible with the behavior of SunOS and
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similar platforms.)
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.It
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If the
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.Pa /etc/netgroup
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exists and contains only local
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.Nm
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information (with no
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.Tn NIS
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.Sq +
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token), then only the local
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.Nm
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information will be processed (and
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.Tn NIS
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will be ignored).
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.It
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If
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.Pa /etc/netgroup
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exists and contains both local netgroup data
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.Pa and
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the
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.Tn NIS
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.Sq +
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token, the local data and the
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.Tn NIS
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netgroup
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map will be processed as a single combined
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.Nm
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database.
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While this configuration is the most flexible, it
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is also the least efficient: in particular,
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.Fn innetgr 3
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lookups will be especially slow if the
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database is large.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /etc/netgroup -compact
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.It Pa /etc/netgroup
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the netgroup database
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.El
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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The file format is compatible with that of various vendors, however it
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appears that not all vendors use an identical format.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr getnetgrent 3 ,
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.Xr exports 5
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.Sh BUGS
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The interpretation of access restrictions based on the member tuples of a
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netgroup is left up to the various network applications.
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Also, it is not obvious how the domain specification
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applies to the
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.Bx
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environment.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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database should be stored in the form of a
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hashed
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.Xr db 3
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database just like the
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.Xr passwd 5
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database to speed up reverse lookups.
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