748 lines
26 KiB
Groff
748 lines
26 KiB
Groff
.\" $Id: mandoc_char.7,v 1.59 2015/01/20 19:39:34 schwarze Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2003 Jason McIntyre <jmc@openbsd.org>
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011 Kristaps Dzonsons <kristaps@bsd.lv>
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 2011 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
|
|
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
|
|
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
|
|
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
|
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
|
|
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
|
|
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
|
|
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
|
|
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd $Mdocdate: January 20 2015 $
|
|
.Dt MANDOC_CHAR 7
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm mandoc_char
|
|
.Nd mandoc special characters
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
This page documents the
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
escape sequences accepted by
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
to represent special characters in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr man 7
|
|
documents.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The rendering depends on the
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
output mode; in ASCII output, most characters are completely
|
|
unintelligible.
|
|
For that reason, using any of the special characters documented here,
|
|
except those discussed in the
|
|
.Sx DESCRIPTION ,
|
|
is strongly discouraged; they are supported merely for backwards
|
|
compatibility with existing documents.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In particular, in English manual pages, do not use special-character
|
|
escape sequences to represent national language characters in author
|
|
names; instead, provide ASCII transcriptions of the names.
|
|
.Ss Dashes and Hyphens
|
|
In typography there are different types of dashes of various width:
|
|
the hyphen (-),
|
|
the minus sign (\-),
|
|
the en-dash (\(en),
|
|
and the em-dash (\(em).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Hyphens are used for adjectives;
|
|
to separate the two parts of a compound word;
|
|
or to separate a word across two successive lines of text.
|
|
The hyphen does not need to be escaped:
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
blue-eyed
|
|
lorry-driver
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The mathematical minus sign is used for negative numbers or subtraction.
|
|
It should be written as
|
|
.Sq \e- :
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
a = 3 \e- 1;
|
|
b = \e-2;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The en-dash is used to separate the two elements of a range,
|
|
or can be used the same way as an em-dash.
|
|
It should be written as
|
|
.Sq \e(en :
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
pp. 95\e(en97.
|
|
Go away \e(en or else!
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The em-dash can be used to show an interruption
|
|
or can be used the same way as colons, semi-colons, or parentheses.
|
|
It should be written as
|
|
.Sq \e(em :
|
|
.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
|
|
Three things \e(em apples, oranges, and bananas.
|
|
This is not that \e(em rather, this is that.
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note:
|
|
hyphens, minus signs, and en-dashes look identical under normal ASCII output.
|
|
Other formats, such as PostScript, render them correctly,
|
|
with differing widths.
|
|
.Ss Spaces
|
|
To separate words in normal text, for indenting and alignment
|
|
in literal context, and when none of the following special cases apply,
|
|
just use the normal space character
|
|
.Pq Sq \ .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When filling text, output lines may be broken between words, i.e. at space
|
|
characters.
|
|
To prevent a line break between two particular words,
|
|
use the unpaddable non-breaking space escape sequence
|
|
.Pq Sq \e\ \&
|
|
instead of the normal space character.
|
|
For example, the input string
|
|
.Dq number\e\ 1
|
|
will be kept together as
|
|
.Dq number\ 1
|
|
on the same output line.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
On request and macro lines, the normal space character serves as an
|
|
argument delimiter.
|
|
To include whitespace into arguments, quoting is usually the best choice;
|
|
see the MACRO SYNTAX section in
|
|
.Xr roff 7 .
|
|
In some cases, using the non-breaking space escape sequence
|
|
.Pq Sq \e\ \&
|
|
may be preferable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To escape macro names and to protect whitespace at the end
|
|
of input lines, the zero-width space
|
|
.Pq Sq \e&
|
|
is often useful.
|
|
For example, in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 ,
|
|
a normal space character can be displayed in single quotes in either
|
|
of the following ways:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl .Sq \(dq \(dq
|
|
.Dl .Sq \e \e&
|
|
.Ss Quotes
|
|
On request and macro lines, the double-quote character
|
|
.Pq Sq \(dq
|
|
is handled specially to allow quoting.
|
|
One way to prevent this special handling is by using the
|
|
.Sq \e(dq
|
|
escape sequence.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that on text lines, literal double-quote characters can be used
|
|
verbatim.
|
|
All other quote-like characters can be used verbatim as well,
|
|
even on request and macro lines.
|
|
.Ss Periods
|
|
The period
|
|
.Pq Sq \&.
|
|
is handled specially at the beginning of an input line,
|
|
where it introduces a
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
request or a macro, and when appearing alone as a macro argument in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 .
|
|
In such situations, prepend a zero-width space
|
|
.Pq Sq \e&.
|
|
to make it behave like normal text.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Do not use the
|
|
.Sq \e.
|
|
escape sequence.
|
|
It does not prevent special handling of the period.
|
|
.Ss Backslashes
|
|
To include a literal backslash
|
|
.Pq Sq \e
|
|
into the output, use the
|
|
.Pq Sq \ee
|
|
escape sequence.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that doubling it
|
|
.Pq Sq \e\e
|
|
is not the right way to output a backslash.
|
|
Because
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
does not implement full
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
functionality, it may work with
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
|
|
but it may have weird effects on complete
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
implementations.
|
|
.Sh SPECIAL CHARACTERS
|
|
Special characters are encoded as
|
|
.Sq \eX
|
|
.Pq for a one-character escape ,
|
|
.Sq \e(XX
|
|
.Pq two-character ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq \e[N]
|
|
.Pq N-character .
|
|
For details, see the
|
|
.Em Special Characters
|
|
subsection of the
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
manual.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Spacing:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Description
|
|
.It Sq \e\ \& Ta unpaddable non-breaking space
|
|
.It \e~ Ta paddable non-breaking space
|
|
.It \e0 Ta unpaddable, breaking digit-width space
|
|
.It \e| Ta one-sixth \e(em narrow space, zero width in nroff mode
|
|
.It \e^ Ta one-twelfth \e(em half-narrow space, zero width in nroff
|
|
.It \e& Ta zero-width space
|
|
.It \e% Ta zero-width space allowing hyphenation
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Lines:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(ba Ta \(ba Ta bar
|
|
.It \e(br Ta \(br Ta box rule
|
|
.It \e(ul Ta \(ul Ta underscore
|
|
.It \e(rn Ta \(rn Ta overline
|
|
.It \e(bb Ta \(bb Ta broken bar
|
|
.It \e(sl Ta \(sl Ta forward slash
|
|
.It \e(rs Ta \(rs Ta backward slash
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Text markers:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(ci Ta \(ci Ta circle
|
|
.It \e(bu Ta \(bu Ta bullet
|
|
.It \e(dd Ta \(dd Ta double dagger
|
|
.It \e(dg Ta \(dg Ta dagger
|
|
.It \e(lz Ta \(lz Ta lozenge
|
|
.It \e(sq Ta \(sq Ta white square
|
|
.It \e(ps Ta \(ps Ta paragraph
|
|
.It \e(sc Ta \(sc Ta section
|
|
.It \e(lh Ta \(lh Ta left hand
|
|
.It \e(rh Ta \(rh Ta right hand
|
|
.It \e(at Ta \(at Ta at
|
|
.It \e(sh Ta \(sh Ta hash (pound)
|
|
.It \e(CR Ta \(CR Ta carriage return
|
|
.It \e(OK Ta \(OK Ta check mark
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Legal symbols:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(co Ta \(co Ta copyright
|
|
.It \e(rg Ta \(rg Ta registered
|
|
.It \e(tm Ta \(tm Ta trademarked
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Punctuation:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(em Ta \(em Ta em-dash
|
|
.It \e(en Ta \(en Ta en-dash
|
|
.It \e(hy Ta \(hy Ta hyphen
|
|
.It \ee Ta \e Ta back-slash
|
|
.It \e. Ta \. Ta period
|
|
.It \e(r! Ta \(r! Ta upside-down exclamation
|
|
.It \e(r? Ta \(r? Ta upside-down question
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Quotes:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(Bq Ta \(Bq Ta right low double-quote
|
|
.It \e(bq Ta \(bq Ta right low single-quote
|
|
.It \e(lq Ta \(lq Ta left double-quote
|
|
.It \e(rq Ta \(rq Ta right double-quote
|
|
.It \e(oq Ta \(oq Ta left single-quote
|
|
.It \e(cq Ta \(cq Ta right single-quote
|
|
.It \e(aq Ta \(aq Ta apostrophe quote (text)
|
|
.It \e(dq Ta \(dq Ta double quote (text)
|
|
.It \e(Fo Ta \(Fo Ta left guillemet
|
|
.It \e(Fc Ta \(Fc Ta right guillemet
|
|
.It \e(fo Ta \(fo Ta left single guillemet
|
|
.It \e(fc Ta \(fc Ta right single guillemet
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Brackets:
|
|
.Bl -column "xxbracketrightbtx" Rendered Description -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(lB Ta \(lB Ta left bracket
|
|
.It \e(rB Ta \(rB Ta right bracket
|
|
.It \e(lC Ta \(lC Ta left brace
|
|
.It \e(rC Ta \(rC Ta right brace
|
|
.It \e(la Ta \(la Ta left angle
|
|
.It \e(ra Ta \(ra Ta right angle
|
|
.It \e(bv Ta \(bv Ta brace extension
|
|
.It \e[braceex] Ta \[braceex] Ta brace extension
|
|
.It \e[bracketlefttp] Ta \[bracketlefttp] Ta top-left hooked bracket
|
|
.It \e[bracketleftbt] Ta \[bracketleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked bracket
|
|
.It \e[bracketleftex] Ta \[bracketleftex] Ta left hooked bracket extension
|
|
.It \e[bracketrighttp] Ta \[bracketrighttp] Ta top-right hooked bracket
|
|
.It \e[bracketrightbt] Ta \[bracketrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked bracket
|
|
.It \e[bracketrightex] Ta \[bracketrightex] Ta right hooked bracket extension
|
|
.It \e(lt Ta \(lt Ta top-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[bracelefttp] Ta \[bracelefttp] Ta top-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e(lk Ta \(lk Ta mid-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[braceleftmid] Ta \[braceleftmid] Ta mid-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e(lb Ta \(lb Ta bottom-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[braceleftbt] Ta \[braceleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[braceleftex] Ta \[braceleftex] Ta left hooked brace extension
|
|
.It \e(rt Ta \(rt Ta top-left hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[bracerighttp] Ta \[bracerighttp] Ta top-right hooked brace
|
|
.It \e(rk Ta \(rk Ta mid-right hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[bracerightmid] Ta \[bracerightmid] Ta mid-right hooked brace
|
|
.It \e(rb Ta \(rb Ta bottom-right hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[bracerightbt] Ta \[bracerightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked brace
|
|
.It \e[bracerightex] Ta \[bracerightex] Ta right hooked brace extension
|
|
.It \e[parenlefttp] Ta \[parenlefttp] Ta top-left hooked parenthesis
|
|
.It \e[parenleftbt] Ta \[parenleftbt] Ta bottom-left hooked parenthesis
|
|
.It \e[parenleftex] Ta \[parenleftex] Ta left hooked parenthesis extension
|
|
.It \e[parenrighttp] Ta \[parenrighttp] Ta top-right hooked parenthesis
|
|
.It \e[parenrightbt] Ta \[parenrightbt] Ta bottom-right hooked parenthesis
|
|
.It \e[parenrightex] Ta \[parenrightex] Ta right hooked parenthesis extension
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Arrows:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(<- Ta \(<- Ta left arrow
|
|
.It \e(-> Ta \(-> Ta right arrow
|
|
.It \e(<> Ta \(<> Ta left-right arrow
|
|
.It \e(da Ta \(da Ta down arrow
|
|
.It \e(ua Ta \(ua Ta up arrow
|
|
.It \e(va Ta \(va Ta up-down arrow
|
|
.It \e(lA Ta \(lA Ta left double-arrow
|
|
.It \e(rA Ta \(rA Ta right double-arrow
|
|
.It \e(hA Ta \(hA Ta left-right double-arrow
|
|
.It \e(uA Ta \(uA Ta up double-arrow
|
|
.It \e(dA Ta \(dA Ta down double-arrow
|
|
.It \e(vA Ta \(vA Ta up-down double-arrow
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Logical:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(AN Ta \(AN Ta logical and
|
|
.It \e(OR Ta \(OR Ta logical or
|
|
.It \e(no Ta \(no Ta logical not
|
|
.It \e[tno] Ta \[tno] Ta logical not (text)
|
|
.It \e(te Ta \(te Ta existential quantifier
|
|
.It \e(fa Ta \(fa Ta universal quantifier
|
|
.It \e(st Ta \(st Ta such that
|
|
.It \e(tf Ta \(tf Ta therefore
|
|
.It \e(3d Ta \(3d Ta therefore
|
|
.It \e(or Ta \(or Ta bitwise or
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Mathematical:
|
|
.Bl -column "xxcoproductxx" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(pl Ta \(pl Ta plus
|
|
.It \e(mi Ta \(mi Ta minus
|
|
.It \e- Ta \- Ta minus (text)
|
|
.It \e(-+ Ta \(-+ Ta minus-plus
|
|
.It \e(+- Ta \(+- Ta plus-minus
|
|
.It \e[t+-] Ta \[t+-] Ta plus-minus (text)
|
|
.It \e(pc Ta \(pc Ta center-dot
|
|
.It \e(mu Ta \(mu Ta multiply
|
|
.It \e[tmu] Ta \[tmu] Ta multiply (text)
|
|
.It \e(c* Ta \(c* Ta circle-multiply
|
|
.It \e(c+ Ta \(c+ Ta circle-plus
|
|
.It \e(di Ta \(di Ta divide
|
|
.It \e[tdi] Ta \[tdi] Ta divide (text)
|
|
.It \e(f/ Ta \(f/ Ta fraction
|
|
.It \e(** Ta \(** Ta asterisk
|
|
.It \e(<= Ta \(<= Ta less-than-equal
|
|
.It \e(>= Ta \(>= Ta greater-than-equal
|
|
.It \e(<< Ta \(<< Ta much less
|
|
.It \e(>> Ta \(>> Ta much greater
|
|
.It \e(eq Ta \(eq Ta equal
|
|
.It \e(!= Ta \(!= Ta not equal
|
|
.It \e(== Ta \(== Ta equivalent
|
|
.It \e(ne Ta \(ne Ta not equivalent
|
|
.It \e(ap Ta \(ap Ta tilde operator
|
|
.It \e(|= Ta \(|= Ta asymptotically equal
|
|
.It \e(=~ Ta \(=~ Ta approximately equal
|
|
.It \e(~~ Ta \(~~ Ta almost equal
|
|
.It \e(~= Ta \(~= Ta almost equal
|
|
.It \e(pt Ta \(pt Ta proportionate
|
|
.It \e(es Ta \(es Ta empty set
|
|
.It \e(mo Ta \(mo Ta element
|
|
.It \e(nm Ta \(nm Ta not element
|
|
.It \e(sb Ta \(sb Ta proper subset
|
|
.It \e(nb Ta \(nb Ta not subset
|
|
.It \e(sp Ta \(sp Ta proper superset
|
|
.It \e(nc Ta \(nc Ta not superset
|
|
.It \e(ib Ta \(ib Ta reflexive subset
|
|
.It \e(ip Ta \(ip Ta reflexive superset
|
|
.It \e(ca Ta \(ca Ta intersection
|
|
.It \e(cu Ta \(cu Ta union
|
|
.It \e(/_ Ta \(/_ Ta angle
|
|
.It \e(pp Ta \(pp Ta perpendicular
|
|
.It \e(is Ta \(is Ta integral
|
|
.It \e[integral] Ta \[integral] Ta integral
|
|
.It \e[sum] Ta \[sum] Ta summation
|
|
.It \e[product] Ta \[product] Ta product
|
|
.It \e[coproduct] Ta \[coproduct] Ta coproduct
|
|
.It \e(gr Ta \(gr Ta gradient
|
|
.It \e(sr Ta \(sr Ta square root
|
|
.It \e[sqrt] Ta \[sqrt] Ta square root
|
|
.It \e(lc Ta \(lc Ta left-ceiling
|
|
.It \e(rc Ta \(rc Ta right-ceiling
|
|
.It \e(lf Ta \(lf Ta left-floor
|
|
.It \e(rf Ta \(rf Ta right-floor
|
|
.It \e(if Ta \(if Ta infinity
|
|
.It \e(Ah Ta \(Ah Ta aleph
|
|
.It \e(Im Ta \(Im Ta imaginary
|
|
.It \e(Re Ta \(Re Ta real
|
|
.It \e(pd Ta \(pd Ta partial differential
|
|
.It \e(-h Ta \(-h Ta Planck constant over 2\(*p
|
|
.It \e[12] Ta \[12] Ta one-half
|
|
.It \e[14] Ta \[14] Ta one-fourth
|
|
.It \e[34] Ta \[34] Ta three-fourths
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Ligatures:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(ff Ta \(ff Ta ff ligature
|
|
.It \e(fi Ta \(fi Ta fi ligature
|
|
.It \e(fl Ta \(fl Ta fl ligature
|
|
.It \e(Fi Ta \(Fi Ta ffi ligature
|
|
.It \e(Fl Ta \(Fl Ta ffl ligature
|
|
.It \e(AE Ta \(AE Ta AE
|
|
.It \e(ae Ta \(ae Ta ae
|
|
.It \e(OE Ta \(OE Ta OE
|
|
.It \e(oe Ta \(oe Ta oe
|
|
.It \e(ss Ta \(ss Ta German eszett
|
|
.It \e(IJ Ta \(IJ Ta IJ ligature
|
|
.It \e(ij Ta \(ij Ta ij ligature
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Accents:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(a" Ta \(a" Ta Hungarian umlaut
|
|
.It \e(a- Ta \(a- Ta macron
|
|
.It \e(a. Ta \(a. Ta dotted
|
|
.It \e(a^ Ta \(a^ Ta circumflex
|
|
.It \e(aa Ta \(aa Ta acute
|
|
.It \e' Ta \' Ta acute
|
|
.It \e(ga Ta \(ga Ta grave
|
|
.It \e` Ta \` Ta grave
|
|
.It \e(ab Ta \(ab Ta breve
|
|
.It \e(ac Ta \(ac Ta cedilla
|
|
.It \e(ad Ta \(ad Ta dieresis
|
|
.It \e(ah Ta \(ah Ta caron
|
|
.It \e(ao Ta \(ao Ta ring
|
|
.It \e(a~ Ta \(a~ Ta tilde
|
|
.It \e(ho Ta \(ho Ta ogonek
|
|
.It \e(ha Ta \(ha Ta hat (text)
|
|
.It \e(ti Ta \(ti Ta tilde (text)
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Accented letters:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e('A Ta \('A Ta acute A
|
|
.It \e('E Ta \('E Ta acute E
|
|
.It \e('I Ta \('I Ta acute I
|
|
.It \e('O Ta \('O Ta acute O
|
|
.It \e('U Ta \('U Ta acute U
|
|
.It \e('a Ta \('a Ta acute a
|
|
.It \e('e Ta \('e Ta acute e
|
|
.It \e('i Ta \('i Ta acute i
|
|
.It \e('o Ta \('o Ta acute o
|
|
.It \e('u Ta \('u Ta acute u
|
|
.It \e(`A Ta \(`A Ta grave A
|
|
.It \e(`E Ta \(`E Ta grave E
|
|
.It \e(`I Ta \(`I Ta grave I
|
|
.It \e(`O Ta \(`O Ta grave O
|
|
.It \e(`U Ta \(`U Ta grave U
|
|
.It \e(`a Ta \(`a Ta grave a
|
|
.It \e(`e Ta \(`e Ta grave e
|
|
.It \e(`i Ta \(`i Ta grave i
|
|
.It \e(`o Ta \(`i Ta grave o
|
|
.It \e(`u Ta \(`u Ta grave u
|
|
.It \e(~A Ta \(~A Ta tilde A
|
|
.It \e(~N Ta \(~N Ta tilde N
|
|
.It \e(~O Ta \(~O Ta tilde O
|
|
.It \e(~a Ta \(~a Ta tilde a
|
|
.It \e(~n Ta \(~n Ta tilde n
|
|
.It \e(~o Ta \(~o Ta tilde o
|
|
.It \e(:A Ta \(:A Ta dieresis A
|
|
.It \e(:E Ta \(:E Ta dieresis E
|
|
.It \e(:I Ta \(:I Ta dieresis I
|
|
.It \e(:O Ta \(:O Ta dieresis O
|
|
.It \e(:U Ta \(:U Ta dieresis U
|
|
.It \e(:a Ta \(:a Ta dieresis a
|
|
.It \e(:e Ta \(:e Ta dieresis e
|
|
.It \e(:i Ta \(:i Ta dieresis i
|
|
.It \e(:o Ta \(:o Ta dieresis o
|
|
.It \e(:u Ta \(:u Ta dieresis u
|
|
.It \e(:y Ta \(:y Ta dieresis y
|
|
.It \e(^A Ta \(^A Ta circumflex A
|
|
.It \e(^E Ta \(^E Ta circumflex E
|
|
.It \e(^I Ta \(^I Ta circumflex I
|
|
.It \e(^O Ta \(^O Ta circumflex O
|
|
.It \e(^U Ta \(^U Ta circumflex U
|
|
.It \e(^a Ta \(^a Ta circumflex a
|
|
.It \e(^e Ta \(^e Ta circumflex e
|
|
.It \e(^i Ta \(^i Ta circumflex i
|
|
.It \e(^o Ta \(^o Ta circumflex o
|
|
.It \e(^u Ta \(^u Ta circumflex u
|
|
.It \e(,C Ta \(,C Ta cedilla C
|
|
.It \e(,c Ta \(,c Ta cedilla c
|
|
.It \e(/L Ta \(/L Ta stroke L
|
|
.It \e(/l Ta \(/l Ta stroke l
|
|
.It \e(/O Ta \(/O Ta stroke O
|
|
.It \e(/o Ta \(/o Ta stroke o
|
|
.It \e(oA Ta \(oA Ta ring A
|
|
.It \e(oa Ta \(oa Ta ring a
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Special letters:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(-D Ta \(-D Ta Eth
|
|
.It \e(Sd Ta \(Sd Ta eth
|
|
.It \e(TP Ta \(TP Ta Thorn
|
|
.It \e(Tp Ta \(Tp Ta thorn
|
|
.It \e(.i Ta \(.i Ta dotless i
|
|
.It \e(.j Ta \(.j Ta dotless j
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Currency:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(Do Ta \(Do Ta dollar
|
|
.It \e(ct Ta \(ct Ta cent
|
|
.It \e(Eu Ta \(Eu Ta Euro symbol
|
|
.It \e(eu Ta \(eu Ta Euro symbol
|
|
.It \e(Ye Ta \(Ye Ta yen
|
|
.It \e(Po Ta \(Po Ta pound
|
|
.It \e(Cs Ta \(Cs Ta Scandinavian
|
|
.It \e(Fn Ta \(Fn Ta florin
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Units:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(de Ta \(de Ta degree
|
|
.It \e(%0 Ta \(%0 Ta per-thousand
|
|
.It \e(fm Ta \(fm Ta minute
|
|
.It \e(sd Ta \(sd Ta second
|
|
.It \e(mc Ta \(mc Ta micro
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Greek letters:
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent -compact
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e(*A Ta \(*A Ta Alpha
|
|
.It \e(*B Ta \(*B Ta Beta
|
|
.It \e(*G Ta \(*G Ta Gamma
|
|
.It \e(*D Ta \(*D Ta Delta
|
|
.It \e(*E Ta \(*E Ta Epsilon
|
|
.It \e(*Z Ta \(*Z Ta Zeta
|
|
.It \e(*Y Ta \(*Y Ta Eta
|
|
.It \e(*H Ta \(*H Ta Theta
|
|
.It \e(*I Ta \(*I Ta Iota
|
|
.It \e(*K Ta \(*K Ta Kappa
|
|
.It \e(*L Ta \(*L Ta Lambda
|
|
.It \e(*M Ta \(*M Ta Mu
|
|
.It \e(*N Ta \(*N Ta Nu
|
|
.It \e(*C Ta \(*C Ta Xi
|
|
.It \e(*O Ta \(*O Ta Omicron
|
|
.It \e(*P Ta \(*P Ta Pi
|
|
.It \e(*R Ta \(*R Ta Rho
|
|
.It \e(*S Ta \(*S Ta Sigma
|
|
.It \e(*T Ta \(*T Ta Tau
|
|
.It \e(*U Ta \(*U Ta Upsilon
|
|
.It \e(*F Ta \(*F Ta Phi
|
|
.It \e(*X Ta \(*X Ta Chi
|
|
.It \e(*Q Ta \(*Q Ta Psi
|
|
.It \e(*W Ta \(*W Ta Omega
|
|
.It \e(*a Ta \(*a Ta alpha
|
|
.It \e(*b Ta \(*b Ta beta
|
|
.It \e(*g Ta \(*g Ta gamma
|
|
.It \e(*d Ta \(*d Ta delta
|
|
.It \e(*e Ta \(*e Ta epsilon
|
|
.It \e(*z Ta \(*z Ta zeta
|
|
.It \e(*y Ta \(*y Ta eta
|
|
.It \e(*h Ta \(*h Ta theta
|
|
.It \e(*i Ta \(*i Ta iota
|
|
.It \e(*k Ta \(*k Ta kappa
|
|
.It \e(*l Ta \(*l Ta lambda
|
|
.It \e(*m Ta \(*m Ta mu
|
|
.It \e(*n Ta \(*n Ta nu
|
|
.It \e(*c Ta \(*c Ta xi
|
|
.It \e(*o Ta \(*o Ta omicron
|
|
.It \e(*p Ta \(*p Ta pi
|
|
.It \e(*r Ta \(*r Ta rho
|
|
.It \e(*s Ta \(*s Ta sigma
|
|
.It \e(*t Ta \(*t Ta tau
|
|
.It \e(*u Ta \(*u Ta upsilon
|
|
.It \e(*f Ta \(*f Ta phi
|
|
.It \e(*x Ta \(*x Ta chi
|
|
.It \e(*q Ta \(*q Ta psi
|
|
.It \e(*w Ta \(*w Ta omega
|
|
.It \e(+h Ta \(+h Ta theta variant
|
|
.It \e(+f Ta \(+f Ta phi variant
|
|
.It \e(+p Ta \(+p Ta pi variant
|
|
.It \e(+e Ta \(+e Ta epsilon variant
|
|
.It \e(ts Ta \(ts Ta sigma terminal
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh PREDEFINED STRINGS
|
|
Predefined strings are inherited from the macro packages of historical
|
|
troff implementations.
|
|
They are
|
|
.Em not recommended
|
|
for use, as they differ across implementations.
|
|
Manuals using these predefined strings are almost certainly not
|
|
portable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Their syntax is similar to special characters, using
|
|
.Sq \e*X
|
|
.Pq for a one-character escape ,
|
|
.Sq \e*(XX
|
|
.Pq two-character ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq \e*[N]
|
|
.Pq N-character .
|
|
For details, see the
|
|
.Em Predefined Strings
|
|
subsection of the
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
manual.
|
|
.Bl -column "Input" "Rendered" "Description" -offset indent
|
|
.It Em Input Ta Em Rendered Ta Em Description
|
|
.It \e*(Ba Ta \*(Ba Ta vertical bar
|
|
.It \e*(Ne Ta \*(Ne Ta not equal
|
|
.It \e*(Ge Ta \*(Ge Ta greater-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(Le Ta \*(Le Ta less-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(Gt Ta \*(Gt Ta greater-than
|
|
.It \e*(Lt Ta \*(Lt Ta less-than
|
|
.It \e*(Pm Ta \*(Pm Ta plus-minus
|
|
.It \e*(If Ta \*(If Ta infinity
|
|
.It \e*(Pi Ta \*(Pi Ta pi
|
|
.It \e*(Na Ta \*(Na Ta NaN
|
|
.It \e*(Am Ta \*(Am Ta ampersand
|
|
.It \e*R Ta \*R Ta restricted mark
|
|
.It \e*(Tm Ta \*(Tm Ta trade mark
|
|
.It \e*q Ta \*q Ta double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(Rq Ta \*(Rq Ta right-double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(Lq Ta \*(Lq Ta left-double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(lp Ta \*(lp Ta right-parenthesis
|
|
.It \e*(rp Ta \*(rp Ta left-parenthesis
|
|
.It \e*(lq Ta \*(lq Ta left double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(rq Ta \*(rq Ta right double-quote
|
|
.It \e*(ua Ta \*(ua Ta up arrow
|
|
.It \e*(va Ta \*(va Ta up-down arrow
|
|
.It \e*(<= Ta \*(<= Ta less-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(>= Ta \*(>= Ta greater-than-equal
|
|
.It \e*(aa Ta \*(aa Ta acute
|
|
.It \e*(ga Ta \*(ga Ta grave
|
|
.It \e*(Px Ta \*(Px Ta POSIX standard name
|
|
.It \e*(Ai Ta \*(Ai Ta ANSI standard name
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh UNICODE CHARACTERS
|
|
The escape sequences
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl \e[uXXXX] and \eC'uXXXX'
|
|
.Pp
|
|
are interpreted as Unicode codepoints.
|
|
The codepoint must be in the range above U+0080 and less than U+10FFFF.
|
|
For compatibility, the hexadecimal digits
|
|
.Sq A
|
|
to
|
|
.Sq F
|
|
must be given as uppercase characters,
|
|
and points must be zero-padded to four characters; if
|
|
greater than four characters, no zero padding is allowed.
|
|
Unicode surrogates are not allowed.
|
|
.\" .Pp
|
|
.\" Unicode glyphs attenuate to the
|
|
.\" .Sq \&?
|
|
.\" character if invalid or not rendered by current output media.
|
|
.Sh NUMBERED CHARACTERS
|
|
For backward compatibility with existing manuals,
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1
|
|
also supports the
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl \eN\(aq Ns Ar number Ns \(aq
|
|
.Pp
|
|
escape sequence, inserting the character
|
|
.Ar number
|
|
from the current character set into the output.
|
|
Of course, this is inherently non-portable and is already marked
|
|
as deprecated in the Heirloom roff manual.
|
|
For example, do not use \eN'34', use \e(dq, or even the plain
|
|
.Sq \(dq
|
|
character where possible.
|
|
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
|
|
This section documents compatibility between mandoc and other
|
|
troff implementations, at this time limited to GNU troff
|
|
.Pq Qq groff .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -dash -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
The \eN\(aq\(aq escape sequence is limited to printable characters; in
|
|
groff, it accepts arbitrary character numbers.
|
|
.It
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm ascii ,
|
|
the
|
|
\e(ss, \e(nm, \e(nb, \e(nc, \e(ib, \e(ip, \e(pp, \e[sum], \e[product],
|
|
\e[coproduct], \e(gr, \e(\-h, and \e(a. special characters render
|
|
differently between mandoc and groff.
|
|
.It
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm html
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm xhtml ,
|
|
the \e(~=, \e(nb, and \e(nc special characters render differently
|
|
between mandoc and groff.
|
|
.It
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm ps
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm pdf
|
|
modes format like
|
|
.Fl T Ns Cm ascii
|
|
instead of rendering glyphs as in groff.
|
|
.It
|
|
The \e[radicalex], \e[sqrtex], and \e(ru special characters have been omitted
|
|
from mandoc either because they are poorly documented or they have no
|
|
known representation.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr mandoc 1 ,
|
|
.Xr man 7 ,
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 ,
|
|
.Xr roff 7
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
manual page was written by
|
|
.An Kristaps Dzonsons Aq Mt kristaps@bsd.lv .
|
|
.Sh CAVEATS
|
|
The predefined string
|
|
.Sq \e*(Ba
|
|
mimics the behaviour of the
|
|
.Sq \&|
|
|
character in
|
|
.Xr mdoc 7 ;
|
|
thus, if you wish to render a vertical bar with no side effects, use
|
|
the
|
|
.Sq \e(ba
|
|
escape.
|