cb611434af
idependently time out any of the FSMs. Split LCP logging into LCP, IPCP and CCP logging, and make room in "struct fsm" for the log level that the state machine should use.
2063 lines
54 KiB
Plaintext
2063 lines
54 KiB
Plaintext
.\" $Id: ppp.8,v 1.53 1997/08/19 11:27:00 danny Exp $
|
|
.Dd 20 September 1995
|
|
.Os FreeBSD
|
|
.Dt PPP 8
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm ppp
|
|
.Nd
|
|
Point to Point Protocol (aka iijppp)
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl auto | background | ddial | direct | dedicated
|
|
.Op Fl alias
|
|
.Op Ar system
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
This is a user process
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
software package. Normally,
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
is implemented as a part of the kernel (e.g. as managed by pppd) and it's
|
|
thus somewhat hard to debug and/or modify its behavior. However, in this
|
|
implementation
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
is done as a user process with the help of the
|
|
tunnel device driver (tun).
|
|
|
|
.Sh Major Features
|
|
|
|
.Bl -diag
|
|
.It Provides interactive user interface.
|
|
Using its command mode, the user can
|
|
easily enter commands to establish the connection with the remote end, check
|
|
the status of connection and close the connection. All functions can
|
|
also be optionally password protected for security.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports both manual and automatic dialing.
|
|
Interactive mode has a
|
|
.Dq term
|
|
command which enables you to talk to your modem directly. When your
|
|
modem is connected to the remote peer and it starts to talk
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
, the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
software detects it and switches to packet
|
|
mode automatically. Once you have determined the proper sequence for connecting
|
|
with the remote host, you can write a chat script to define the necessary
|
|
dialing and login procedure for later convenience.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports on-demand dialup capability.
|
|
By using auto mode,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will act as a daemon and wait for a packet to be sent over the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
link. When this happens, the daemon automatically dials and establishes the
|
|
connection.
|
|
|
|
In almost the same manner ddial mode (dedicated or daemon dialing)
|
|
also automatically dials and establishes the connection. However, it
|
|
differs in that it will dial the remote site any time it detects the
|
|
link is down, even if there are no packets to be sent. This mode is
|
|
useful for full-time connections who worry less about line charges
|
|
and more about being connected full time.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports packet aliasing.
|
|
Packet aliasing, more commonly known as masquerading, allows computers
|
|
on a private, unregistered network to access the internet. The
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
host acts as a masquerading gateway. IP addresses as well as TCP and
|
|
UDP port numbers are aliased for outgoing packets and de-aliased for
|
|
returning packets.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports background PPP connections.
|
|
In background mode, if
|
|
.Nm
|
|
successfully establishes the connection, it will become a daemon.
|
|
Otherwise, it will exit with an error.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports server-side PPP connections.
|
|
In direct mode,
|
|
.nm
|
|
acts as server which accepts incoming
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connections on stdin/stdout.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports PAP and CHAP authentication.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports Proxy Arp.
|
|
When
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
is set up as server, you can also configure it to do proxy arp for your
|
|
connection.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports packet filtering.
|
|
User can define four kinds of filters:
|
|
.Em ifilter
|
|
for incoming packets,
|
|
.Em ofilter
|
|
for outgoing packets,
|
|
.Em dfilter
|
|
to define a dialing trigger packet and
|
|
.Em afilter
|
|
for keeping a connection alive with the trigger packet.
|
|
|
|
.It Tunnel driver supports bpf.
|
|
The user can use
|
|
.Xr tcpdump 1
|
|
to check the packet flow over the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
link.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports PPP over TCP capability.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.It Supports IETF draft Predictor-1 compression.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
supports not only VJ-compression but also Predictor-1 compression.
|
|
Normally, a modem has built-in compression (e.g. v42.bis) and the system
|
|
may receive higher data rates from it as a result of such compression.
|
|
While this is generally a good thing in most other situations, this
|
|
higher speed data imposes a penalty on the system by increasing the
|
|
number of serial interrupts the system has to process in talking to the
|
|
modem and also increases latency. Unlike VJ-compression, Predictor-1
|
|
compression pre-compresses
|
|
.Em all
|
|
data flowing through the link, thus reducing overhead to a minimum.
|
|
|
|
.It Supports Microsofts IPCP extensions.
|
|
Name Server Addresses and NetBIOS Name Server Addresses can be negotiated
|
|
with clients using the Microsoft
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
stack (ie. Win95, WinNT)
|
|
|
|
.Sh GETTING STARTED
|
|
|
|
When you first run
|
|
.Nm
|
|
you may need to deal with some initial configuration details. First,
|
|
your kernel should include a tunnel device (the default in FreeBSD 2.0.5
|
|
and later). If it doesn't, or if you require more than one tun interface,
|
|
you'll need to rebuild your kernel with the following line in your kernel
|
|
configuration file:
|
|
|
|
.Dl pseudo-device tun N
|
|
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
is the maximum number of
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connections you wish to support.
|
|
|
|
Second, check your
|
|
.Pa /dev
|
|
directory for the tunnel device entries
|
|
.Pa /dev/tunN ,
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar N
|
|
represents the number of the tun device, starting at zero.
|
|
If they don't exist, you can create them by running "sh ./MAKEDEV tunN".
|
|
This will create tun devices 0 through
|
|
.Ar N .
|
|
|
|
Last of all, create a log file.
|
|
.Nm Ppp
|
|
uses
|
|
.Xr syslog 3
|
|
to log information. A common log file name is
|
|
.Pa /var/log/ppp.log .
|
|
To make output go to this file, put the following lines in the
|
|
.Pa /etc/syslog.conf
|
|
file:
|
|
|
|
.Dl !ppp
|
|
.Dl *.* /var/log/ppp.log
|
|
|
|
It is possible to have more than one ppp log file by creating a link
|
|
to the ppp executable:
|
|
|
|
.Dl # cd /usr/sbin
|
|
.Dl # ln ppp ppp0
|
|
|
|
and using
|
|
|
|
.Dl !ppp0
|
|
.Dl *.* /var/log/ppp0.log
|
|
|
|
in
|
|
.Pa /etc/syslog.conf .
|
|
Don't forget to send a
|
|
.Dv HUP
|
|
signal to
|
|
.Nm syslogd
|
|
after altering
|
|
.Pa /etc/syslog.conf .
|
|
|
|
.Sh MANUAL DIALING
|
|
|
|
In the following examples, we assume that your machine name is
|
|
.Nm awfulhak .
|
|
|
|
If you set your hostname and password in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret ,
|
|
you can't do anything except run the help, passwd and quit commands.
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp on "your hostname"> help
|
|
help : Display this message
|
|
passwd : Password for security
|
|
quit : Quit the PPP program
|
|
ppp on awfulhak> pass <password>
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
The "on" part of your prompt will change to "ON" if you specify the
|
|
correct password.
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak>
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
You can now specify the device name, speed and parity for your modem,
|
|
and whether CTS/RTS signalling should be used (CTS/RTS is used by
|
|
default). If your hardware does not provide CTS/RTS lines (as
|
|
may happen when you are connected directly to certain ppp-capable
|
|
terminal servers),
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will never send any output through the port; it waits for a signal
|
|
which never comes. Thus, if you have a direct line and can't seem
|
|
to make a connection, try turning ctsrts off:
|
|
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set line /dev/cuaa0
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set speed 38400
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set parity even
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set ctsrts on
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> show modem
|
|
|
|
* Modem related information is shown here *
|
|
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak>
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
The term command can now be used to talk directly with your modem:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> term
|
|
at
|
|
OK
|
|
atdt123456
|
|
CONNECT
|
|
login: ppp
|
|
Password:
|
|
Protocol: ppp
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
When the peer starts to talk in PPP,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
detects this automatically and returns to command mode.
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak>
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak>
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
You are now connected! Note that
|
|
.Sq PPP
|
|
in the prompt has changed to capital letters to indicate that you have
|
|
a peer connection. The show command can be used to see how things are
|
|
going:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show lcp
|
|
|
|
* LCP related information is shown here *
|
|
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show ipcp
|
|
|
|
* IPCP related information is shown here *
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
At this point, your machine has a host route to the peer. This means
|
|
that you can only make a connection with the host on the other side
|
|
of the link. If you want to add a default route entry (telling your
|
|
machine to send all packets without another routing entry to the other
|
|
side of the ppp link), enter the following command:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> add 0 0 HISADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
The string
|
|
.Sq HISADDR
|
|
represents the IP address of the connected peer. This variable is only
|
|
available once a connection has been established. A common error
|
|
is to specify the above command in your
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf
|
|
file. This won't work as the remote IP address hasn't been
|
|
established when this file is read.
|
|
|
|
You can now use your network applications (ping, telnet, ftp etc.)
|
|
in other windows on your machine.
|
|
|
|
Refer to the PPP COMMAND LIST section for details on all available commands.
|
|
|
|
.Sh AUTOMATIC DIALING
|
|
|
|
To use automatic dialing, you must prepare some Dial and Login chat scripts.
|
|
See the example definitions in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
|
|
(the format of ppp.conf is pretty simple).
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Each line contains one command, label or comment.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
A line starting with a
|
|
.Sq #
|
|
character is treated as a comment line.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
A label name starts in the first column and is followed by
|
|
a colon (:).
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
A command line must contain a space or tab in the first column.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf
|
|
file should consist of at least a
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
section. This section is always executed. It should also contain
|
|
one or more sections, named according to their purpose, for example,
|
|
.Dq MyISP
|
|
would represent your ISP, and
|
|
.Dq ppp-in
|
|
would represent an incoming
|
|
.Nm
|
|
configuration.
|
|
|
|
You can now specify the destination label name when you invoke
|
|
.Nm ppp .
|
|
Commands associated with the
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
label are executed, followed by those associated with the destination
|
|
label provided. When
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is started with no arguments, the
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
section is still executed. The load command can be used to manually
|
|
load a section from the
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf
|
|
file:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> load MyISP
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
Once the connection is made, the ppp portion of the prompt will change
|
|
to PPP:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# ppp MyISP
|
|
...
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> dial
|
|
dial OK!
|
|
login OK!
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak>
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
If the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
file is available, its contents are executed
|
|
when the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connection is established. See the provided
|
|
.Dq pmdemand
|
|
example in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
|
|
which adds a default route. The string HISADDR is available as the IP
|
|
address of the remote peer. Similarly, when a connection is closed, the
|
|
contents of the
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkdown
|
|
file are executed.
|
|
|
|
.Sh BACKGROUND DIALING
|
|
|
|
If you want to establish a connection using
|
|
.Nm
|
|
non-interactively (such as from a
|
|
.Xr crontab(5)
|
|
entry or an
|
|
.Xr at(1)
|
|
job) you should use the
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
option. You must also specify the destination label in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
to use. This label must contain the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command to define the remote peer's IP address. (refer to
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample )
|
|
|
|
When
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
attempts to establish the connection immediately. If multiple phone
|
|
numbers are specified, each phone number will be tried once. If the
|
|
attempt fails,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
exits immediately with a non-zero exit code.
|
|
|
|
If it succeeds, then
|
|
.Nm
|
|
becomes a daemon, and returns an exit status of zero to its caller.
|
|
The daemon exits automatically if the connection is dropped by the
|
|
remote system, or it receives a
|
|
.Dv TERM
|
|
signal.
|
|
|
|
.Sh DIAL ON DEMAND
|
|
|
|
Demand dialing is enabled with the
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
options. You must also specify the destination label in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
to use. It must contain the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command to define the remote peer's IP address. (refer to
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample )
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# ppp -auto pmdemand
|
|
...
|
|
#
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
When
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
runs as a daemon but you can still configure or examine its
|
|
configuration by using the diagnostic port as follows (this
|
|
can be done in
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl direct
|
|
mode too):
|
|
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# telnet localhost 3000
|
|
Trying 127.0.0.1...
|
|
Connected to awfulhak.
|
|
Escape character is '^]'.
|
|
....
|
|
PPP on awfulhak> pass xxxx
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show ipcp
|
|
IPCP [OPEND]
|
|
his side: xxxx
|
|
....
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Each
|
|
.Nm
|
|
daemon has an associated port number which is computed as "3000 +
|
|
tunnel_device_number".
|
|
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode, when an outgoing packet is detected,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will perform the dialing action (chat script) and try to connect
|
|
with the peer. In
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
mode, the dialing action is performed any time the line is found
|
|
to be down.
|
|
|
|
If the connect fails, the default behavior is to wait 30 seconds
|
|
and then attempt to connect when another outgoing packet is detected.
|
|
This behavior can be changed with
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set redial seconds|random[.nseconds|random] [dial_attempts]
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Sq Seconds
|
|
is the number of seconds to wait before attempting
|
|
to connect again. If the argument is
|
|
.Sq random ,
|
|
the delay period is a random value between 0 and 30 seconds.
|
|
.Sq Nseconds
|
|
is the number of seconds to wait before attempting
|
|
to dial the next number in a list of numbers (see the
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
command). The default is 3 seconds. Again, if the argument is
|
|
.Sq random ,
|
|
the delay period is a random value between 0 and 30 seconds.
|
|
.Sq dial_attempts
|
|
is the number of times to try to connect for each outgoing packet
|
|
that is received. The previous value is unchanged if this parameter
|
|
is omitted. If a value of zero is specified for
|
|
.Sq dial_attempts ,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will keep trying until a connection is made.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set redial 10.3 4
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
will attempt to connect 4 times for each outgoing packet that is
|
|
detected with a 3 second delay between each number and a 10 second
|
|
delay after all numbers have been tried. If multiple phone numbers
|
|
are specified, the total number of attempts is still 4 (it does not
|
|
attempt each number 4 times).
|
|
|
|
Modifying the dial delay is very useful when running
|
|
.Nm
|
|
in demand
|
|
dial mode on both ends of the link. If each end has the same timeout,
|
|
both ends wind up calling each other at the same time if the link
|
|
drops and both ends have packets queued.
|
|
|
|
At some locations, the serial link may not be reliable, and carrier
|
|
may be lost at inappropriate times. It is possible to have
|
|
.Nm
|
|
redial should carrier be unexpectedly lost during a session.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set reconnect timeout ntries
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
This command tells ppp to re-establish the connection
|
|
.Ar ntries
|
|
times on loss of carrier with a pause of
|
|
.Ar timeout
|
|
seconds before each try. For example,
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set reconnect 3 5
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
that on an unexpected loss of carrier, it should wait
|
|
.Ar 3
|
|
seconds before attempting to reconnect. This may happen up to
|
|
.Ar 5
|
|
times before
|
|
.Nm
|
|
gives up. The default value of ntries is zero (no reconnect). Care
|
|
should be taken with this option. If the local timeout is slightly
|
|
longer than the remote timeout, the reconnect feature will always be
|
|
triggered (up to the given number of times) after the remote side
|
|
times out and hangs up.
|
|
|
|
NOTE: In this context, losing too many LQRs constitutes a loss of
|
|
carrier and will trigger a reconnect.
|
|
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
flag is specified, all phone numbers are dialed at most once until
|
|
a connection is made. The next number redial period specified with
|
|
the
|
|
.Dq set redial
|
|
command is honoured, as is the reconnect tries value. If your redial
|
|
value is less than the number of phone numbers specified, not all
|
|
the specified numbers will be tried.
|
|
|
|
To terminate the program, type
|
|
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> close
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> quit all
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A simple
|
|
.Dq quit
|
|
command will terminate the telnet connection but not the program itself.
|
|
You must use
|
|
.Dq quit all
|
|
to terminate the program as well.
|
|
|
|
.Sh RECEIVING INCOMING PPP CONNECTIONS (Method 1)
|
|
|
|
To handle an incoming
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
connection request, follow these steps:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Make sure the modem and (optionally)
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.serial
|
|
is configured correctly.
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
Use Hardware Handshake (CTS/RTS) for flow control.
|
|
.It
|
|
Modem should be set to NO echo back (ATE0) and NO results string (ATQ1).
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Edit
|
|
.Pa /etc/ttys
|
|
to enable a getty on the port where the modem is attached.
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
.Dl ttyd1 "/usr/libexec/getty std.38400" dialup on secure
|
|
|
|
Don't forget to send a
|
|
.Dv HUP
|
|
signal to the init process to start the getty.
|
|
|
|
.Dl # kill -HUP 1
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Prepare an account for the incoming user.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
ppp:xxxx:66:66:PPP Login User:/home/ppp:/usr/local/bin/ppplogin
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Create a
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/bin/ppplogin
|
|
file with the following contents:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
#!/bin/sh -p
|
|
exec /usr/sbin/ppp -direct
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
(You can specify a label name for further control.)
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Direct mode (
|
|
.Fl direct
|
|
) lets
|
|
.Nm
|
|
work with stdin and stdout. You can also telnet to port 3000 plus
|
|
the current tunnel device number to get command mode control in the
|
|
same manner as client-side
|
|
.Nm.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Optional support for Microsoft's IPCP Name Server and NetBIOS
|
|
Name Server negotiation can be enabled use
|
|
.Dq enable msext
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set ns pri-addr [sec-addr]
|
|
along with
|
|
.Dq set nbns pri-addr [sec-addr]
|
|
in your ppp.conf file
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh RECEIVING INCOMING PPP CONNECTIONS (Method 2)
|
|
|
|
This method differs in that it recommends the use of
|
|
.Em mgetty+sendfax
|
|
to handle the modem connections. The latest version 0.99
|
|
can be compiled with the
|
|
.Dq AUTO_PPP
|
|
option to allow detection of clients speaking PPP to the login
|
|
prompt.
|
|
|
|
Follow these steps:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Get, configure, and install mgetty+sendfax v0.99 or later making
|
|
sure you have used the AUTO_PPP option.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Edit
|
|
.Pa /etc/ttys
|
|
to enable a mgetty on the port where the modem is attached. For
|
|
example:
|
|
|
|
.Dl cuaa1 "/usr/local/sbin/mgetty -s 57600" dialup on
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Prepare an account for the incoming user.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
Pfred:xxxx:66:66:Fred's PPP:/home/ppp:/etc/ppp/ppp-dialup
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Examine the files
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/sample.ppp-dialup
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/sample.ppp-pap-dialup
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
|
|
for ideas. ppp-pap-dialup is supposed to be called from
|
|
.Pa /usr/local/etc/mgetty+sendfax/login.conf
|
|
from a line like
|
|
|
|
.Dl /AutoPPP/ - - /etc/ppp/ppp-pap-dialup
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh PPP OVER TCP (a.k.a Tunneling)
|
|
|
|
Instead of running ppp over a serial link, it is possible to
|
|
use a tcp connection instead by specifying a host and port as the
|
|
device:
|
|
|
|
.Dl set device ui-gate:6669
|
|
|
|
Instead of opening a serial device,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will open a tcp connection to the given machine on the given
|
|
socket. It should be noted however that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
doesn't use the telnet protocol and will be unable to negotiate
|
|
with a telnet server. You should set up a port for receiving
|
|
this ppp connection on the receiving machine (ui-gate). This is
|
|
done by first updating
|
|
.Pa /etc/services
|
|
to name the service:
|
|
|
|
.Dl ppp-in 6669/tcp # Incoming ppp connections over tcp
|
|
|
|
and updating
|
|
.Pa /etc/inetd.conf
|
|
to tell inetd how to deal with incoming connections on that port:
|
|
|
|
.Dl ppp-in stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/ppp ppp -direct ppp-in
|
|
|
|
Don't forget to send a
|
|
.Dv HUP
|
|
signal to
|
|
.Nm inetd
|
|
after you've updated
|
|
.Pa /etc/inetd.conf .
|
|
|
|
Here, we use a label named
|
|
.Dq ppp-in .
|
|
The entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
on ui-gate (the receiver) should contain the following:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp-in:
|
|
set timeout 0
|
|
set ifaddr 10.0.4.1 10.0.4.2
|
|
add 10.0.4.1 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1
|
|
add 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.4.1
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
You may also want to enable PAP or CHAP for security. The entry in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
on awfulhak (the initiator) should contain the following:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ui-gate:
|
|
set escape 0xff
|
|
set device ui-gate:ppp-in
|
|
set dial
|
|
set timeout 30 5 4
|
|
set log Phase Chat Connect Carrier hdlc LCP IPCP CCP tun
|
|
set ifaddr 10.0.4.2 10.0.4.1
|
|
add 10.0.4.2 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1
|
|
add 10.0.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.4.2
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
We're assigning the address of 10.0.4.1 to ui-gate, and the address
|
|
10.0.4.2 to awfulhak.
|
|
|
|
To open the connection, just type
|
|
|
|
.Dl awfulhak # ppp -background ui-gate
|
|
|
|
The result will be an additional "route" on awfulhak to the
|
|
10.0.2.0/24 network via the tcp connection, and an additional
|
|
"route" on ui-gate to the 10.0.1.0/24 network.
|
|
|
|
The networks are effectively bridged - the underlying tcp
|
|
connection may be across a public network (such as the
|
|
Internet), and the ppp traffic is conceptually encapsulated
|
|
(although not packet by packet) inside the tcp stream between
|
|
the two gateways.
|
|
|
|
The major disadvantage of this mechanism is that there are two
|
|
"guaranteed delivery" mechanisms in place - the underlying tcp
|
|
stream and whatever protocol is used over the ppp link - probably
|
|
tcp again. If packets are lost, both levels will get in eachothers
|
|
way trying to negotiate sending of the missing packet.
|
|
|
|
.Sh PACKET ALIASING
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
command line option enables packet aliasing. This allows the
|
|
ppp host to act as a masquerading gateway for other computers over
|
|
a local area network. Outgoing IP packets are aliased so that
|
|
they appear to come from the ppp host, and incoming packets are
|
|
de-aliased so that they are routed to the correct machine on the
|
|
local area network.
|
|
|
|
Packet aliasing allows computers on private, unregistered
|
|
subnets to have internet access, although they are invisible
|
|
from the outside world.
|
|
|
|
In general, correct ppp operation should first be verified
|
|
with packet aliasing disabled. Then, the
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
option should be switched on, and network applications (web browser,
|
|
telnet, ftp, ping, traceroute) should be checked on the ppp host.
|
|
Finally, the same or similar applications should be checked on other
|
|
computers in the LAN.
|
|
|
|
If network applications work correctly on the ppp host, but not on
|
|
other machines in the LAN, then the masquerading software is working
|
|
properly, but the host is either not forwarding or possibly receiving
|
|
IP packets. Check that IP forwarding is enabled in
|
|
.Pa /etc/rc.conf
|
|
and that other machines have designated the ppp host as the gateway
|
|
for the LAN.
|
|
|
|
.Sh PACKET FILTERING
|
|
|
|
This implementation supports packet filtering. There are four kinds of
|
|
filters; ifilter, ofilter, dfilter and afilter. Here are the basics:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
A filter definition has the following syntax:
|
|
|
|
set filter-name rule-no action [src_addr/src_width] [dst_addr/dst_width]
|
|
[proto [src [lt|eq|gt] port ]] [dst [lt|eq|gt] port] [estab]
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
.Sq filter-name
|
|
should be one of ifilter, ofilter, dfilter or afilter.
|
|
.It
|
|
There are two actions:
|
|
.Sq permit
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq deny .
|
|
If a given packet
|
|
matches the rule, the associated action is taken immediately.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Sq src_width
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq dst_width
|
|
work like a netmask to represent an address range.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Sq proto
|
|
must be one of icmp, udp or tcp.
|
|
.It
|
|
.Sq port number
|
|
can be specified by number and service name from
|
|
.Pa /etc/services .
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Each filter can hold up to 20 rules, starting from rule 0.
|
|
The entire rule set is not effective until rule 0 is defined,
|
|
ie. the default is to allow everything through.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
If no rule is matched to a packet, that packet will be discarded
|
|
(blocked).
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq set filter-name -1
|
|
to flush all rules.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.filter.example .
|
|
|
|
|
|
.Sh SETTING IDLE, LINE QUALITY REQUEST, RETRY TIMER
|
|
|
|
To check/set idletimer, use the
|
|
.Dq show timeout
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set timeout [lqrtimer [retrytimer]]
|
|
commands:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set timeout 600
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
The timeout period is measured in seconds, the default values for which
|
|
are timeout = 180 or 3 min, lqrtimer = 30sec and retrytimer = 3sec.
|
|
To disable the idle timer function, use the command
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
ppp ON awfulhak> set timeout 0
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
In
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode, an idle timeout causes the
|
|
.Em PPP
|
|
session to be
|
|
closed, though the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program itself remains running. Another trigger packet will cause it to
|
|
attempt to reestablish the link.
|
|
|
|
.Sh PREDICTOR-1 COMPRESSION
|
|
|
|
This version supports CCP and Predictor type 1 compression based on
|
|
the current IETF-draft specs. As a default behavior,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to use (or be willing to accept) this capability when the
|
|
peer agrees (or requests it).
|
|
|
|
To disable CCP/predictor functionality completely, use the
|
|
.Dq disable pred1
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq deny pred1
|
|
commands.
|
|
|
|
.Sh CONTROLLING IP ADDRESS
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
uses IPCP to negotiate IP addresses. Each side of the connection
|
|
specifies the IP address that it's willing to use, and if the requested
|
|
IP address is acceptable then
|
|
.Nm
|
|
returns ACK to the requester. Otherwise,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
returns NAK to suggest that the peer use a different IP address. When
|
|
both sides of the connection agree to accept the received request (and
|
|
send ACK), IPCP is set to the open state and a network level connection
|
|
is established.
|
|
|
|
To control this IPCP behavior, this implementation has the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command for defining the local and remote IP address:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set ifaddr [src_addr [dst_addr [netmask [trigger_addr]]]]
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
where,
|
|
.Sq src_addr
|
|
is the IP address that the local side is willing to use,
|
|
.Sq dst_addr
|
|
is the IP address which the remote side should use and
|
|
.Sq netmask
|
|
is the netmask that should be used.
|
|
.Sq Src_addr
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq dst_addr
|
|
default to 0.0.0.0, and
|
|
.Sq netmask
|
|
defaults to whatever mask is appropriate for
|
|
.Sq src_addr .
|
|
It is only possible to make
|
|
.Sq netmask
|
|
smaller than the default. The usual value is 255.255.255.255.
|
|
Some incorrect ppp implementations require that the peer negotiates
|
|
a specific IP address instead of
|
|
.Sq src_addr .
|
|
If this is the case,
|
|
.Sq trigger_addr
|
|
may be used to specify this IP number. This will not affect the
|
|
routing table unless the other side agrees with this proposed number.
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set ifaddr 192.244.177.38 192.244.177.2 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
The above specification means:
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
I will first suggest that my IP address should be 0.0.0.0, but I
|
|
will only accept an address of 192.244.177.38.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
I strongly insist that the peer uses 192.244.177.2 as his own
|
|
address and won't permit the use of any IP address but 192.244.177.2.
|
|
When the peer requests another IP address, I will always suggest that
|
|
it uses 192.244.177.2.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
The routing table entry will have a netmask of 0xffffffff.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
This is all fine when each side has a pre-determined IP address, however
|
|
it is often the case that one side is acting as a server which controls
|
|
all IP addresses and the other side should obey the direction from it.
|
|
|
|
In order to allow more flexible behavior, `ifaddr' variable allows the
|
|
user to specify IP address more loosely:
|
|
|
|
.Dl set ifaddr 192.244.177.38/24 192.244.177.2/20
|
|
|
|
A number followed by a slash (/) represent the number of bits significant in
|
|
the IP address. The above example signifies that:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
I'd like to use 192.244.177.38 as my address if it is possible, but I'll
|
|
also accept any IP address between 192.244.177.0 and 192.244.177.255.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
I'd like to make him use 192.244.177.2 as his own address, but I'll also
|
|
permit him to use any IP address between 192.244.176.0 and
|
|
192.244.191.255.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
As you may have already noticed, 192.244.177.2 is equivalent to saying
|
|
192.244.177.2/32.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
As an exception, 0 is equivalent to 0.0.0.0/0, meaning that I have no
|
|
preferred IP address and will obey the remote peer's selection. When
|
|
using zero, no routing table entries will be made until a connection
|
|
is established.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
192.244.177.2/0 means that I'll accept/permit any IP address but I'll
|
|
try to insist that 192.244.177.2 be used first.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh CONNECTING WITH YOUR INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER
|
|
|
|
The following steps should be taken when connecting to your ISP:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Describe your provider's phone number(s) in the dial script using the
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
command. This command allows you to set multiple phone numbers for
|
|
dialing and redialing separated by either a pipe (|) or a colon (:)
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set phone "111[|222]...[:333[|444]...]...
|
|
.Ed
|
|
Numbers after the first in a pipe-separated list are only used if the
|
|
previous number was used in a failed login script. Numbers separated
|
|
by a colon are used sequentially, irrespective of what happened as a
|
|
result of using the previous number. For example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set phone "1234567|2345678:3456789|4567890"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Here, the 1234567 number is attempted. If the login script fails, the
|
|
2345678 number is used next time, but *only* if the login script fails.
|
|
On the dial after this, the 3456789 number is used. The 4567890 number
|
|
is only used if the login script using the 3456789 fails. If the login
|
|
script of the 2345678 number fails, the next number is still the 3456789
|
|
number. As many pipes and colons can be used as are necessary.
|
|
The next number redial timeout is used between all numbers. When the
|
|
end of the list is reached, the normal redial period is used before
|
|
starting at the beginning again.
|
|
|
|
The selected phone number is substituted for the \\\\T string in the
|
|
.Dq set dial
|
|
command (see below).
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Set up your redial requirements using
|
|
.Dq set redial .
|
|
For example, if you have a bad telephone line or your provider is
|
|
usually engaged (not so common these days), you may want to specify
|
|
the following:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set redial 10 4
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This says that up to 4 phone calls should be attempted with a pause of 10
|
|
seconds before dialing the first number again.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Describe your login procedure using the
|
|
.Dq set dial
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set login
|
|
commands. The
|
|
.Dq set dial
|
|
command is used to talk to your modem and establish a link with your
|
|
ISP, for example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set dial "ABORT BUSY ABORT NO\\\\sCARRIER TIMEOUT 4 \\"\\" ATZ OK-ATZ-OK ATDT\\\\T TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This modem "chat" string means:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
Abort if the string "BUSY" or "NO CARRIER" are received.
|
|
.It
|
|
Set the timeout to 4.
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect nothing.
|
|
.It
|
|
Send ATZ.
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect OK. If that's not received, send ATZ and expect OK.
|
|
.It
|
|
Send ATDTxxxxxxx where xxxxxxx is the next number in the phone list from
|
|
above.
|
|
.It
|
|
Set the timeout to 60.
|
|
.It
|
|
Wait for the CONNECT string.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
Once the connection is established, the login script is executed. This
|
|
script is written in the same style as the dial script:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set login "TIMEOUT 15 login:-\\\\r-login: awfulhak word: xxx ocol: PPP HELLO"
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This login "chat" string means:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
Set the timeout to 15 seconds.
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "login:". If it's not received, send a carriage return and expect
|
|
"login:" again.
|
|
.It
|
|
Send "awfulhak"
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "word:" (the tail end of a "Password:" prompt).
|
|
.It
|
|
Send "xxx".
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "ocol:" (the tail end of a "Protocol:" prompt).
|
|
.It
|
|
Send "PPP".
|
|
.It
|
|
Expect "HELLO".
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Login scripts vary greatly between ISPs.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq set line
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set sp
|
|
to specify your serial line and speed, for example:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set line /dev/cuaa0
|
|
set sp 115200
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Cuaa0 is the first serial port on FreeBSD. Cuaa1 is the second etc. A
|
|
speed of 115200 should be specified if you have a modem capable of bit
|
|
rates of 28800 or more. In general, the serial speed should be about
|
|
four times the modem speed.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Use the
|
|
.Dq set ifaddr
|
|
command to define the IP address.
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
If you know what IP address your provider uses, then use it as the remote
|
|
address (dst_addr), otherwise choose something like 10.0.0.2/0 (see below).
|
|
.It
|
|
If your provider has assigned a particular IP address to you, then use
|
|
it as your address (src_addr).
|
|
.It
|
|
If your provider assigns your address dynamically, choose a suitably
|
|
unobtrusive and unspecific IP number as your address. 10.0.0.1/0 would
|
|
be appropriate. The bit after the / specifies how many bits of the
|
|
address you consider to be important, so if you wanted to insist on
|
|
something in the class C network 1.2.3.0, you could specify 1.2.3.1/24.
|
|
.It
|
|
If you find that your ISP accepts the first IP number that you suggest,
|
|
specify third and forth arguments of
|
|
.Dq 0.0.0.0 .
|
|
This will force your ISP to assign a number. (The third argument will
|
|
be ignored as it is less restrictive than the default mask for your
|
|
.Sq src_addr .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
An example for a connection where you don't know your IP number or your
|
|
ISPs IP number would be:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
set ifaddr 10.10.10.10/0 10.10.11.11/0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
In most cases, your ISP will also be your default router. If this is
|
|
the case, add the lines
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
delete ALL
|
|
add 0 0 10.10.11.11
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
to
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to delete all non-direct routing entries for the tun interface that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is running on, then to add a default route to 10.10.11.11.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If you're using dynamic IP numbers, you must also put these two lines
|
|
in the
|
|
.Pa ppp.linkup
|
|
file:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
delete ALL
|
|
add 0 0 HISADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
HISADDR is a macro meaning the "other side"s IP number, and is
|
|
available once an IP number has been agreed (using IPCP).
|
|
Now, once a connection is established,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will delete all non-direct interface routes, and add a default route
|
|
pointing at the peers IP number. You should use the same label as the
|
|
one used in
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If commands are being typed interactively, the only requirement is
|
|
to type
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
add 0 0 HISADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
after a successful dial.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
If your provider requests that you use PAP/CHAP authentication methods, add
|
|
the next lines to your
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf
|
|
file:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
enable pap (or enable chap)
|
|
disable chap (or disable pap)
|
|
set authname MyName
|
|
set authkey MyPassword
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
Please refer to
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf.sample
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup.sample
|
|
for some real examples. The pmdemand label should be appropriate for most
|
|
ISPs.
|
|
|
|
.Sh LOGGING FACILITY
|
|
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is able to generate the following log info via
|
|
.Xr syslog 3 :
|
|
|
|
.Bl -column SMMMMMM -offset indent
|
|
.It Li Async Dump async level packet in hex
|
|
.It Li Carrier Log Chat lines with 'CARRIER'
|
|
.It Li CCP Generate a CPP packet trace
|
|
.It Li Chat Generate Chat script trace log
|
|
.It Li Command Log commands executed
|
|
.It Li Connect Generate complete Chat log
|
|
.It Li Debug Log (very verbose) debug information
|
|
.It Li HDLC Dump HDLC packet in hex
|
|
.It Li IPCP Generate an IPCP packet trace
|
|
.It Li LCP Generate an LCP packet trace
|
|
.It Li Link Log address assignments and link up/down events
|
|
.It Li LQM Generate LQR report
|
|
.It Li Phase Phase transition log output
|
|
.It Li TCP/IP Dump all TCP/IP packets
|
|
.It Li TUN Include the tun device on each log line
|
|
.It Li Warning Output to the terminal device. If there is currently no
|
|
terminal, output is sent to the log file using LOG_WARNING.
|
|
.It Li Error Output to both the terminal device and the log file using
|
|
LOG_ERROR.
|
|
.It Li Alert Output to the log file using LOG_ALERT
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
.Dq set log
|
|
command allows you to set logging output level, of which
|
|
multiple levels can be specified. The default is equivalent to
|
|
.Dq set log Carrier Link Phase .
|
|
|
|
If The first argument to
|
|
.Dq set log
|
|
begins with a '+' or a '-' character, the current log levels are
|
|
not cleared, for example:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show log
|
|
Log: Carrier Link Phase
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> set log -Link +tcp/ip
|
|
PPP ON awfulhak> show log
|
|
Log: Carrier Phase TCP/IP
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
Log messages of level Warning, Error and Alert are not controlable
|
|
using
|
|
.Dq set log .
|
|
|
|
.Sh SIGNAL HANDLING
|
|
|
|
.Nm Ppp
|
|
deals with the following signals:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20
|
|
.It INT
|
|
Receipt of this signal causes the termination of the current connection
|
|
(if any). This will cause
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to exit unless it is in
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
mode.
|
|
|
|
.It HUP, TERM & QUIT
|
|
These signals tell
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to exit.
|
|
|
|
.It USR1
|
|
This signal, when not in interactive mode, tells
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to close any existing server socket and open an internet socket using
|
|
the default rules for choosing a port number - that is, using port
|
|
3000 plus the current tunnel device number.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh PPP COMMAND LIST
|
|
|
|
This section lists the available commands and their effect. They are
|
|
usable either from an interactive ppp session, from a configuration
|
|
file or from a telnet session.
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20
|
|
.It accept|deny|enable|disable option....
|
|
These directives tell
|
|
.Nm
|
|
how to negotiate the initial connection with the peer. Each
|
|
.Dq option
|
|
has a default of either accept or deny and enable or disable.
|
|
.Dq Accept
|
|
means that the option will be ACK'd if the peer asks for it.
|
|
.Dq Deny
|
|
means that the option will be NAK'd if the peer asks for it.
|
|
.Dq Enable
|
|
means that the option will be requested by us.
|
|
.Dq Disable
|
|
means that the option will not be requested by us.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dq Option
|
|
may be one of the following:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20
|
|
.It vjcomp
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted. This option decides if Van Jacobson
|
|
header compression will be used.
|
|
|
|
.It lqr
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted. This option decides if Link Quality
|
|
Requests will be sent. LQR is a protocol that allows
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to determine that the link is down without relying on the modems
|
|
carrier detect.
|
|
|
|
.It chap
|
|
Default: Disabled and Accepted. CHAP stands for Challenge Handshake
|
|
Authentication Protocol. Only one of CHAP and PAP (below) may be
|
|
negotiated. With CHAP, the authenticator sends a "challenge" message
|
|
to its peer. The peer uses a one-way hash function to encrypt the
|
|
challenge and sends the result back. The authenticator does the same,
|
|
and compares the results. The advantage of this mechanism is that no
|
|
passwords are sent across the connection.
|
|
|
|
A challenge is made when the connection is first made. Subsequent
|
|
challenges may occur.
|
|
|
|
When using CHAP, an
|
|
.Dq AuthName
|
|
and an
|
|
.Dq AuthKey
|
|
must be specified either in
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf
|
|
or in
|
|
.Pa ppp.secret .
|
|
|
|
.It pap
|
|
Default: Disabled and Accepted. PAP stands for Password Authentication
|
|
Protocol. Only one of PAP and CHAP (above) may be negotiated. With
|
|
PAP, the ID and Password are sent repeatedly to the peer until
|
|
authentication is acknowledged or the connection is terminated. This
|
|
is a rather poor security mechanism. It is only performed when the
|
|
connection is first established.
|
|
|
|
When using PAP, an
|
|
.Dq AuthName
|
|
and an
|
|
.Dq AuthKey
|
|
must be specified either in
|
|
.Pa ppp.conf
|
|
or in
|
|
.Pa ppp.secret
|
|
(although see the
|
|
.Dq passwdauth
|
|
option below).
|
|
|
|
.It acfcomp
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted. ACFComp stands for Address and Control
|
|
Field Compression. Non LCP packets usually have very similar address
|
|
and control fields - making them easily compressable.
|
|
|
|
.It protocomp
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted. This option is used to negotiate
|
|
PFC (Protocol Field Compression), a mechanism where the protocol
|
|
field number is reduced to one octet rather than two.
|
|
|
|
.It pred1
|
|
Default: Enabled and Accepted. This option decides if Predictor 1
|
|
compression will be used.
|
|
|
|
.It proxy
|
|
Default: Disabled and Denied. Unlike the other options (except
|
|
passwdauth below), this is not negotiated with the peer. Therefore,
|
|
accepting or denying it is of no use. Enabling this option will tell
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to proxy ARP for the peer.
|
|
|
|
.It msext
|
|
Default: Disabled and Accepted. This option allows the use
|
|
of Microsoft's ppp extensions, supporting the negotiation of
|
|
the Microsoft PPP DNS and the Microsoft NetBIOS NS.
|
|
|
|
.It passwdauth
|
|
Default: Disabled and Denied. Unlike the other options (except
|
|
.Dq proxy
|
|
above), this is not negotiated with the peer. Therefore,
|
|
accepting or denying it is of no use. Enabling this option will
|
|
tell the PAP authentication code to use the
|
|
.Pa passwd
|
|
file to authenticate the caller rather than the
|
|
.Pa ppp.secret
|
|
file.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It add dest mask gateway
|
|
.Dq Dest
|
|
is the destination IP address and
|
|
.Dq mask
|
|
is its mask.
|
|
.Dq 0 0
|
|
refers to the default route.
|
|
.Dq Gateway
|
|
is the next hop gateway to get to the given
|
|
.Dq dest
|
|
machine/network.
|
|
|
|
.It [!]bg command
|
|
The given command is executed in the background.
|
|
Any of the pseudo arguments
|
|
.Dv HISADDR ,
|
|
.Dv INTERFACE
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv MYADDR
|
|
will be replaced with the appropriate values. If you wish to pause
|
|
.Nm
|
|
while the command executes, use the
|
|
.Dv shell
|
|
command instead.
|
|
|
|
.It close
|
|
Close the current connection (but don't quit).
|
|
|
|
.It delete ALL | dest [gateway [mask]]
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq ALL
|
|
is specified, all non-direct entries in the routing for the interface
|
|
that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is using are deleted. This means all entries for tunX, except the entry
|
|
representing the actual link. When
|
|
.Dq ALL
|
|
is not used, any existing route with the given
|
|
.Dq dest ,
|
|
destination network
|
|
.Dq mask
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq gateway
|
|
is deleted. The default
|
|
.Dq mask
|
|
value is 0.0.0.0.
|
|
|
|
.It dial|call [remote]
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq remote
|
|
is specified, a connection is established using the
|
|
.Dq dial
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq login
|
|
scripts for the given
|
|
.Dq remote
|
|
system. Otherwise, the current settings are used to establish
|
|
the connection.
|
|
|
|
.It display
|
|
Displays the current status of the negotiable protocol
|
|
values as specified under
|
|
.Dq accept|deny|enable|disable option....
|
|
above.
|
|
|
|
.It passwd pass
|
|
Specify the password required for access to the full
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command set.
|
|
|
|
.It load [remote]
|
|
Load the given
|
|
.Dq remote
|
|
label. If
|
|
.Dq remote
|
|
is not given, the
|
|
.Dq default
|
|
label is assumed.
|
|
|
|
.It save
|
|
This option is not (yet) implemented.
|
|
|
|
.It set[up] var value
|
|
This option allows the setting of any of the following variables:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20
|
|
.It set accmap hex-value
|
|
ACCMap stands for Asyncronous Control Character Map. This is always
|
|
negotiated with the peer, and defaults to a value of 0x00000000.
|
|
This protocol is required to defeat hardware that depends on passing
|
|
certain characters from end to end (such as XON/XOFF etc).
|
|
|
|
.It set filter-name rule-no action [src_addr/src_width]
|
|
[dst_addr/dst_width] [proto [src [lt|eq|gt] port ]]
|
|
[dst [lt|eq|gt] port] [estab]
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm Ppp
|
|
supports four filter sets. The afilter specifies packets that keep
|
|
the connection alive - reseting the idle timer. The dfilter specifies
|
|
packets that cause
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to dial when in
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
mode. The ifilter specifies packets that are allowed to travel
|
|
into the machine and the ofilter specifies packets that are allowed
|
|
out of the machine. By default all filter sets allow all packets
|
|
to pass.
|
|
|
|
Rules are processed in order according to
|
|
.Dq n .
|
|
Up to 20 rules may be given for each set. If a packet doesn't match
|
|
any of the rules in a given set, it is discarded. In the case of
|
|
ifilters and ofilters, this means that the packet is dropped. In
|
|
the case of afilters it means that the packet will not reset the
|
|
idle timer and in the case of dfilters it means that the packet will
|
|
not trigger a dial.
|
|
|
|
Refer to the section on PACKET FILTERING above for further details.
|
|
|
|
.It set authkey|key value
|
|
This sets the authentication key (or password) used in PAP or CHAP
|
|
negotiation to the given value. It can also be used to specify the
|
|
password to be used in the dial or login scripts, preventing the
|
|
actual password from being logged.
|
|
|
|
.It set authname id
|
|
This sets the authentication id used in PAP or CHAP negotiation.
|
|
|
|
.It set ctsrts
|
|
This sets hardware flow control and is the default.
|
|
|
|
.It set device|line value
|
|
This sets the device to which ppp will talk to the given
|
|
.Dq value .
|
|
All serial device names are expected to begin with
|
|
.Pa /dev/ .
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq value
|
|
does not begin with
|
|
.Pa /dev/ ,
|
|
it must be of the format
|
|
.Dq host:port .
|
|
If this is the case,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to connect to the given
|
|
.Dq host
|
|
on the given
|
|
.Dq port .
|
|
Refer to the section on PPP OVER TCP above for further details.
|
|
|
|
.It set dial chat-script
|
|
This specifies the chat script that will be used to dial the other
|
|
side. See also the
|
|
.Dv set login
|
|
command below. Refer to
|
|
.Xr chat 8
|
|
and to the example configuration files for details of the chat script
|
|
format. The string \\\\T will be replaced with the current phone number
|
|
(see
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
below) and the string \\\\P will be replaced with the password (see
|
|
.Dq set key
|
|
above).
|
|
|
|
.It set hangup chat-script
|
|
This specifies the chat script that will be used to reset the modem
|
|
before it is closed. It should not normally be necessary, but can
|
|
be used for devices that fail to reset themselves properly on close.
|
|
|
|
.It set escape value...
|
|
This option is similar to the
|
|
.Dq set accmap
|
|
option above. It allows the user to specify a set of characters that
|
|
will be `escaped' as they travel across the link.
|
|
|
|
.It set ifaddr [myaddr [hisaddr [netmask [triggeraddr]]]]
|
|
This command specifies the IP addresses that will be used during
|
|
IPCP negotiation. Addresses are specified using the format
|
|
|
|
.Dl a.b.c.d/n
|
|
|
|
Where a.b.c.d is the preferred IP, but n specifies how many bits
|
|
of the address we will insist on. If the /n bit is omitted, it
|
|
defaults to /32 unless the IP address is 0.0.0.0 in which case
|
|
the mask defaults to /0.
|
|
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq triggeraddr
|
|
is specified, it is used in place of
|
|
.Dq myaddr
|
|
in the initial IPCP negotiation. However, only an address in the
|
|
.Dq myaddr
|
|
range will be accepted.
|
|
|
|
.It set log [+|-]value...
|
|
This command allows the adjustment of the current log level. Please
|
|
refer to the Logging Facility section for further details.
|
|
|
|
.It set login chat-script
|
|
This chat-script compliments the dial-script. If both are specified,
|
|
the login script will be executed after the dial script. Escape
|
|
sequences available in the dial script are also available here.
|
|
|
|
.It set mru value
|
|
The default MRU is 1500. If it is increased, the other side *may*
|
|
increase its mtu. There is no use decreasing the MRU to below the
|
|
default as the PPP protocol *must* be able to accept packets of at
|
|
least 1500 octets.
|
|
|
|
.It set mtu value
|
|
The default MTU is 1500. This may be increased by the MRU specified
|
|
by the peer. It may only be subsequently decreased by this option.
|
|
Increasing it is not valid as the peer is not necessarily able to
|
|
receive the increased packet size.
|
|
|
|
.It set openmode active|passive
|
|
By default, openmode is always active. That is,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will always initiate LCP/IPCP/CCP negotiation. If you want to wait for the
|
|
peer to initiate negotiations, you may use the value
|
|
.Dq passive .
|
|
|
|
.It set parity odd|even|none|mark
|
|
This allows the line parity to be set. The default value is none.
|
|
|
|
.It set phone telno[|telno]...[:telno[|telno]...]...
|
|
This allows the specification of the phone number to be used in
|
|
place of the \\\\T string in the dial and login chat scripts.
|
|
Multiple phone numbers may be given separated by a colon (:) or
|
|
a pipe (|). Numbers after the pipe are only dialed if the login script
|
|
for the previous number failed. Numbers separated by a colon are tried
|
|
sequentially, irrespective of the reason the line was dropped.
|
|
If multiple numbers are given,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will dial them in rotation until a connection is made, retrying
|
|
the maximum number of times specified by
|
|
.Dq set redial
|
|
below. In
|
|
.Fl background
|
|
mode, each number is attempted at most once.
|
|
|
|
.It set reconnect timeout ntries
|
|
Should the line drop unexpectedly (due to loss of CD or LQR
|
|
failure), a connection will be re-established after the given
|
|
.Dq timeout .
|
|
The line will be re-connected at most
|
|
.Dq ntries
|
|
times.
|
|
.Dq Ntries
|
|
defaults to zero. A value of
|
|
.Dq random
|
|
for
|
|
.Dq timeout
|
|
will result in a variable pause, somewhere between 0 and 30 seconds.
|
|
|
|
.It set redial seconds[.nseconds] [attempts]
|
|
.Nm Ppp
|
|
can be instructed to attempt to redial
|
|
.Dq attempts
|
|
times. If more than one number is specified (see
|
|
.Dq set phone
|
|
above), a pause of
|
|
.Dq nseconds
|
|
is taken before dialing each number. A pause of
|
|
.Dq seconds
|
|
is taken before starting at the first number again. A value of
|
|
.Dq random
|
|
may be used here too.
|
|
|
|
.It set stopped [LCPseconds [IPCPseconds [CCPseconds]]]
|
|
If this option is set,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will time out after the given FSM (Finite State Machine) has been in
|
|
the stopped state for the given number of
|
|
.Dq seconds .
|
|
This option may be useful if you see ppp failing to respond in the
|
|
stopped state. Use
|
|
.Dq set log +lcp +ipcp +ccp
|
|
to make
|
|
.Nm
|
|
log all state transitions.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default value is zero, where ppp doesn't time out in the stopped
|
|
state.
|
|
|
|
.It set server|socket TcpPort|LocalName|none [mask]
|
|
Normally, when not in interactive mode,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
listens to a tcp socket for incoming command connections. The
|
|
socket number is calculated as 3000 plus the number of the
|
|
tunnel device that
|
|
.Nm
|
|
opened. So, for example, if
|
|
.Nm
|
|
opened tun2, socket 3002 would be used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Using this command, you can specify your own port number, a
|
|
local domain socket (specified as an absolute file name), or
|
|
you can tell
|
|
.Nm
|
|
not to accept any command connections. If a local domain socket
|
|
is specified, you may also specify an octal mask that should be
|
|
set before creating the socket. See also the use of
|
|
the
|
|
.Dv USR1
|
|
signal.
|
|
|
|
.It set speed value
|
|
This sets the speed of the serial device.
|
|
|
|
.It set timeout Idle [ lqr [ retry ] ]
|
|
This command allows the setting of the idle timer, the LQR timer (if
|
|
enabled) and the retry timer.
|
|
|
|
.It set ns x.x.x.x
|
|
This option allows the setting of the Microsoft PPP DNS server that
|
|
will be negotiated.
|
|
|
|
.It set nbns
|
|
This option allows the setting of the Microsoft NetBIOS DNS server that
|
|
will be negotiated.
|
|
|
|
.It set help|?
|
|
This command gives a summary of available set commands.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It shell|! [command]
|
|
If
|
|
.Dq command
|
|
is not specified a shell is invoked according to the
|
|
.Dv SHELL
|
|
environment variable. Otherwise, the given command is executed.
|
|
Any of the pseudo arguments
|
|
.Dv HISADDR ,
|
|
.Dv INTERFACE
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv MYADDR
|
|
will be replaced with the appropriate values. Use of the ! character
|
|
requires a following space as with any other commands. You should note
|
|
that this command is executed in the foreground - ppp will not continue
|
|
running until this process has exited. Use the
|
|
.Dv bg
|
|
command if you wish processing to happen in the background.
|
|
|
|
.It show var
|
|
This command allows the user to examine the following:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20
|
|
.It show [adio]filter
|
|
List the current rules for the given filter.
|
|
|
|
.It show auth
|
|
Show the current authname and authkey.
|
|
|
|
.It show ccp
|
|
Show the current CCP statistics.
|
|
|
|
.It show compress
|
|
Show the current compress statistics.
|
|
|
|
.It show escape
|
|
Show the current escape characters.
|
|
|
|
.It show hdlc
|
|
Show the current HDLC statistics.
|
|
|
|
.It show ipcp
|
|
Show the current IPCP statistics.
|
|
|
|
.It show lcp
|
|
Show the current LCP statistics.
|
|
|
|
.It show log
|
|
Show the current log values.
|
|
|
|
.It show mem
|
|
Show current memory statistics.
|
|
|
|
.It show modem
|
|
Show current modem statistics.
|
|
|
|
.It show mru
|
|
Show the current MRU.
|
|
|
|
.It show mtu
|
|
Show the current MTU.
|
|
|
|
.It show proto
|
|
Show current protocol totals.
|
|
|
|
.It show reconnect
|
|
Show the current reconnect values.
|
|
|
|
.It show redial
|
|
Show the current redial values.
|
|
|
|
.It show stopped
|
|
Show the current stopped timeouts.
|
|
|
|
.It show route
|
|
Show the current routing tables.
|
|
|
|
.It show timeout
|
|
Show the current timeout values.
|
|
|
|
.It show msext
|
|
Show the current Microsoft extension values.
|
|
|
|
.It show version
|
|
Show the current version number of ppp.
|
|
|
|
.It show help|?
|
|
Give a summary of available show commands.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It term
|
|
Go into terminal mode. Characters typed at the keyboard are sent to
|
|
the modem. Characters read from the modem are displayed on the
|
|
screen. When a
|
|
.Nm
|
|
peer is detected on the other side of the modem,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
automatically enables Packet Mode and goes back into command mode.
|
|
|
|
.It alias .....
|
|
This command allows the control of the aliasing (or masquerading)
|
|
facilities that are built into
|
|
.Nm ppp .
|
|
Until this code is required, it is not loaded by
|
|
.Nm ppp ,
|
|
and it is quite possible that the alias library is not installed
|
|
on your system (some administrators consider it a security risk).
|
|
|
|
If aliasing is enabled on your system, the following commands are
|
|
possible:
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 20
|
|
.It alias enable [yes|no]
|
|
This command either switches aliasing on or turns it off.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
command line flag is synonomous with
|
|
.Dq alias enable yes .
|
|
|
|
.It alias port [proto targetIP:targetPORT [aliasIP:]aliasPORT]
|
|
This command allows us to redirect connections arriving at
|
|
.Dq aliasPORT
|
|
for machine [aliasIP] to
|
|
.Dq targetPORT
|
|
on
|
|
.Dq targetIP .
|
|
If proto is specified, only connections of the given protocol
|
|
are matched. This option is useful if you wish to things like
|
|
internet phone on the machines behind your gateway.
|
|
|
|
.It alias addr [addr_local addr_alias]
|
|
This command allows data for
|
|
.Dq addr_alias
|
|
to be redirected to
|
|
.Dq addr_local .
|
|
It is useful if you own a small number of real IP numbers that
|
|
you wish to map to specific machines behind your gateway.
|
|
|
|
.It alias deny_incoming [yes|no]
|
|
If set to yes, this command will refuse all incoming connections
|
|
by dropping the packets in much the same way as a firewall would.
|
|
|
|
.It alias log [yes|no]
|
|
This option causes various aliasing statistics and information to
|
|
be logged to the file
|
|
.Pa /var/log/alias.log .
|
|
|
|
.It alias same_ports [yes|no]
|
|
When enabled, this command will tell the alias library attempt to
|
|
avoid changing the port number on outgoing packets. This is useful
|
|
if you want to support protocols such as RPC and LPD which require
|
|
connections to come from a well known port.
|
|
|
|
.It alias use_sockets [yes|no]
|
|
When enabled, this option tells the alias library to create a
|
|
socket so that it can guarantee a correct incoming ftp data or
|
|
IRC connection.
|
|
|
|
.It alias unregistered_only [yes|no]
|
|
Only alter outgoing packets with an unregistered source ad-
|
|
dress. According to rfc 1918, unregistered source addresses
|
|
are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16.
|
|
|
|
.It alias help|?
|
|
This command gives a summary of available alias commands.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.It quit|bye [all]
|
|
Exit
|
|
.Nm ppp .
|
|
If
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is in interactive mode or if the
|
|
.Dq all
|
|
argument is given, ppp will exit, closing the connection. A simple
|
|
.Dq quit
|
|
issued from a telnet session will not close the current connection.
|
|
|
|
.It help|? [command]
|
|
Show a list of available commands. If
|
|
.Dq command
|
|
is specified, show the usage string for that command.
|
|
|
|
.It down
|
|
Bring the link down ungracefully. It's not considered polite to
|
|
use this command.
|
|
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh MORE DETAILS
|
|
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Read the example configuration files. They are a good source of information.
|
|
|
|
.It
|
|
Use
|
|
.Dq help ,
|
|
.Dq show ? ,
|
|
.Dq alias ? ,
|
|
.Dq set ?
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq set ? <var>
|
|
commands.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Nm Ppp
|
|
refers to four files: ppp.conf, ppp.linkup, ppp.linkdown and
|
|
ppp.secret. These files are placed in
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp ,
|
|
but the user can create his own files under his $HOME directory as
|
|
.Pa .ppp.conf ,
|
|
.Pa .ppp.linkup ,
|
|
.Pa .ppp.linkdown
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa .ppp.secret.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will always try to consult the user's personal setup first.
|
|
|
|
.Bl -tag -width flag
|
|
.Pa $HOME/ppp/.ppp.[conf|linkup|linkdown|secret]
|
|
User dependent configuration files.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
|
|
System default configuration file.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
|
|
An authorization file for each system.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkup
|
|
A file to check when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
establishes a network level connection.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.linkdown
|
|
A file to check when
|
|
.Nm
|
|
closes a network level connection.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/log/ppp.log
|
|
Logging and debugging information file.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/spool/lock/LCK..*
|
|
tty port locking file. Refer to
|
|
.Xr uucplock 8
|
|
for further details.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/run/tunX.pid
|
|
The process id (pid) of the ppp program connected to the tunX device, where
|
|
'X' is the number of the device. This file is only created in
|
|
.Fl background ,
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
modes.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /var/run/ttyXX.if
|
|
The tun interface used by this port. Again, this file is only created in
|
|
.Fl background ,
|
|
.Fl auto
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl ddial
|
|
modes.
|
|
|
|
.Pa /etc/services
|
|
Get port number if port number is using service name.
|
|
.El
|
|
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
.Xr chat 8 ,
|
|
.Xr pppd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr uucplock 3 ,
|
|
.Xr syslog 3 ,
|
|
.Xr syslog.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr syslogd 8
|
|
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
|
|
This program was originally written by Toshiharu OHNO (tony-o@iij.ad.jp),
|
|
and was submitted to FreeBSD-2.0.5 by Atsushi Murai (amurai@spec.co.jp).
|
|
It's since had an enormous face lift and looks substantially different.
|