469 lines
16 KiB
Groff
469 lines
16 KiB
Groff
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "OPENSSL 1"
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.TH OPENSSL 1 "2015-01-15" "1.0.1l" "OpenSSL"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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openssl \- OpenSSL command line tool
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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\&\fBopenssl\fR
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\&\fIcommand\fR
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[ \fIcommand_opts\fR ]
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[ \fIcommand_args\fR ]
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.PP
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\&\fBopenssl\fR [ \fBlist-standard-commands\fR | \fBlist-message-digest-commands\fR | \fBlist-cipher-commands\fR | \fBlist-cipher-algorithms\fR | \fBlist-message-digest-algorithms\fR | \fBlist-public-key-algorithms\fR]
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.PP
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\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR [ \fIarbitrary options\fR ]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer (\s-1SSL\s0
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v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (\s-1TLS\s0 v1) network protocols and related
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cryptography standards required by them.
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.PP
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The \fBopenssl\fR program is a command line tool for using the various
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cryptography functions of OpenSSL's \fBcrypto\fR library from the shell.
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It can be used for
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.PP
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.Vb 8
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\& o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
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\& o Public key cryptographic operations
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\& o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
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\& o Calculation of Message Digests
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\& o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
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\& o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
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\& o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
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\& o Time Stamp requests, generation and verification
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.Ve
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.SH "COMMAND SUMMARY"
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.IX Header "COMMAND SUMMARY"
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The \fBopenssl\fR program provides a rich variety of commands (\fIcommand\fR in the
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\&\s-1SYNOPSIS\s0 above), each of which often has a wealth of options and arguments
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(\fIcommand_opts\fR and \fIcommand_args\fR in the \s-1SYNOPSIS\s0).
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.PP
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The pseudo-commands \fBlist-standard-commands\fR, \fBlist-message-digest-commands\fR,
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and \fBlist-cipher-commands\fR output a list (one entry per line) of the names
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of all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
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respectively, that are available in the present \fBopenssl\fR utility.
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.PP
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The pseudo-commands \fBlist-cipher-algorithms\fR and
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\&\fBlist-message-digest-algorithms\fR list all cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed as:
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& from => to
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.Ve
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.PP
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The pseudo-command \fBlist-public-key-algorithms\fR lists all supported public
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key algorithms.
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.PP
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The pseudo-command \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR tests whether a command of the
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specified name is available. If no command named \fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR exists, it
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returns 0 (success) and prints \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR; otherwise it returns 1
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and prints \fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR. In both cases, the output goes to \fBstdout\fR and
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nothing is printed to \fBstderr\fR. Additional command line arguments
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are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a command of the
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same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to test for the
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availability of ciphers in the \fBopenssl\fR program. (\fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR is
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not able to detect pseudo-commands such as \fBquit\fR,
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\&\fBlist\-\fR\fI...\fR\fB\-commands\fR, or \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR itself.)
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.SS "\s-1STANDARD COMMANDS\s0"
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.IX Subsection "STANDARD COMMANDS"
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.IP "\fBasn1parse\fR" 10
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.IX Item "asn1parse"
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Parse an \s-1ASN.1\s0 sequence.
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.IP "\fBca\fR" 10
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.IX Item "ca"
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Certificate Authority (\s-1CA\s0) Management.
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.IP "\fBciphers\fR" 10
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.IX Item "ciphers"
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Cipher Suite Description Determination.
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.IP "\fBcms\fR" 10
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.IX Item "cms"
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\&\s-1CMS \s0(Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility
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.IP "\fBcrl\fR" 10
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.IX Item "crl"
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Certificate Revocation List (\s-1CRL\s0) Management.
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.IP "\fBcrl2pkcs7\fR" 10
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.IX Item "crl2pkcs7"
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\&\s-1CRL\s0 to PKCS#7 Conversion.
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.IP "\fBdgst\fR" 10
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.IX Item "dgst"
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Message Digest Calculation.
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.IP "\fBdh\fR" 10
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.IX Item "dh"
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Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management.
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Obsoleted by \fBdhparam\fR.
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.IP "\fBdhparam\fR" 10
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.IX Item "dhparam"
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Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded by
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\&\fBgenpkey\fR and \fBpkeyparam\fR
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.IP "\fBdsa\fR" 10
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.IX Item "dsa"
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\&\s-1DSA\s0 Data Management.
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.IP "\fBdsaparam\fR" 10
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.IX Item "dsaparam"
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\&\s-1DSA\s0 Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by
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\&\fBgenpkey\fR and \fBpkeyparam\fR
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.IP "\fBec\fR" 10
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.IX Item "ec"
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\&\s-1EC \s0(Elliptic curve) key processing
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.IP "\fBecparam\fR" 10
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.IX Item "ecparam"
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\&\s-1EC\s0 parameter manipulation and generation
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.IP "\fBenc\fR" 10
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.IX Item "enc"
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Encoding with Ciphers.
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.IP "\fBengine\fR" 10
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.IX Item "engine"
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Engine (loadble module) information and manipulation.
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.IP "\fBerrstr\fR" 10
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.IX Item "errstr"
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Error Number to Error String Conversion.
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.IP "\fBgendh\fR" 10
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.IX Item "gendh"
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Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
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Obsoleted by \fBdhparam\fR.
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.IP "\fBgendsa\fR" 10
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.IX Item "gendsa"
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Generation of \s-1DSA\s0 Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
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\&\fBgenpkey\fR and \fBpkey\fR
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.IP "\fBgenpkey\fR" 10
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.IX Item "genpkey"
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Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
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.IP "\fBgenrsa\fR" 10
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.IX Item "genrsa"
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Generation of \s-1RSA\s0 Private Key. Superceded by \fBgenpkey\fR.
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.IP "\fBnseq\fR" 10
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.IX Item "nseq"
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Create or examine a netscape certificate sequence
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.IP "\fBocsp\fR" 10
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.IX Item "ocsp"
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Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
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.IP "\fBpasswd\fR" 10
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.IX Item "passwd"
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Generation of hashed passwords.
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.IP "\fBpkcs12\fR" 10
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.IX Item "pkcs12"
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PKCS#12 Data Management.
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.IP "\fBpkcs7\fR" 10
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.IX Item "pkcs7"
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PKCS#7 Data Management.
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.IP "\fBpkey\fR" 10
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.IX Item "pkey"
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Public and private key management.
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.IP "\fBpkeyparam\fR" 10
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.IX Item "pkeyparam"
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Public key algorithm parameter management.
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.IP "\fBpkeyutl\fR" 10
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.IX Item "pkeyutl"
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Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
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.IP "\fBrand\fR" 10
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.IX Item "rand"
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Generate pseudo-random bytes.
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.IP "\fBreq\fR" 10
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.IX Item "req"
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PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (\s-1CSR\s0) Management.
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.IP "\fBrsa\fR" 10
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.IX Item "rsa"
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\&\s-1RSA\s0 key management.
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.IP "\fBrsautl\fR" 10
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.IX Item "rsautl"
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\&\s-1RSA\s0 utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption. Superseded
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by \fBpkeyutl\fR
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.IP "\fBs_client\fR" 10
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.IX Item "s_client"
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This implements a generic \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 client which can establish a transparent
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connection to a remote server speaking \s-1SSL/TLS.\s0 It's intended for testing
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purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality but
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internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL \fBssl\fR library.
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.IP "\fBs_server\fR" 10
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.IX Item "s_server"
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This implements a generic \s-1SSL/TLS\s0 server which accepts connections from remote
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clients speaking \s-1SSL/TLS.\s0 It's intended for testing purposes only and provides
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only rudimentary interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
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functionality of the OpenSSL \fBssl\fR library. It provides both an own command
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line oriented protocol for testing \s-1SSL\s0 functions and a simple \s-1HTTP\s0 response
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facility to emulate an SSL/TLS\-aware webserver.
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.IP "\fBs_time\fR" 10
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.IX Item "s_time"
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\&\s-1SSL\s0 Connection Timer.
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.IP "\fBsess_id\fR" 10
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.IX Item "sess_id"
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\&\s-1SSL\s0 Session Data Management.
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.IP "\fBsmime\fR" 10
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.IX Item "smime"
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S/MIME mail processing.
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.IP "\fBspeed\fR" 10
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.IX Item "speed"
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Algorithm Speed Measurement.
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.IP "\fBspkac\fR" 10
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.IX Item "spkac"
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\&\s-1SPKAC\s0 printing and generating utility
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.IP "\fBts\fR" 10
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.IX Item "ts"
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Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server)
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.IP "\fBverify\fR" 10
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.IX Item "verify"
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X.509 Certificate Verification.
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.IP "\fBversion\fR" 10
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.IX Item "version"
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OpenSSL Version Information.
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.IP "\fBx509\fR" 10
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.IX Item "x509"
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X.509 Certificate Data Management.
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.SS "\s-1MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS\s0"
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.IX Subsection "MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS"
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.IP "\fBmd2\fR" 10
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.IX Item "md2"
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\&\s-1MD2\s0 Digest
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.IP "\fBmd5\fR" 10
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.IX Item "md5"
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\&\s-1MD5\s0 Digest
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.IP "\fBmdc2\fR" 10
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.IX Item "mdc2"
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\&\s-1MDC2\s0 Digest
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.IP "\fBrmd160\fR" 10
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.IX Item "rmd160"
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\&\s-1RMD\-160\s0 Digest
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.IP "\fBsha\fR" 10
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.IX Item "sha"
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\&\s-1SHA\s0 Digest
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.IP "\fBsha1\fR" 10
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.IX Item "sha1"
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\&\s-1SHA\-1\s0 Digest
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.IP "\fBsha224\fR" 10
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.IX Item "sha224"
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\&\s-1SHA\-224\s0 Digest
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.IP "\fBsha256\fR" 10
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.IX Item "sha256"
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\&\s-1SHA\-256\s0 Digest
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.IP "\fBsha384\fR" 10
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.IX Item "sha384"
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\&\s-1SHA\-384\s0 Digest
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.IP "\fBsha512\fR" 10
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.IX Item "sha512"
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\&\s-1SHA\-512\s0 Digest
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.SS "\s-1ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS\s0"
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.IX Subsection "ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS"
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.IP "\fBbase64\fR" 10
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.IX Item "base64"
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Base64 Encoding
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.IP "\fBbf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb\fR" 10
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.IX Item "bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb"
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Blowfish Cipher
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.IP "\fBcast cast-cbc\fR" 10
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.IX Item "cast cast-cbc"
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\&\s-1CAST\s0 Cipher
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.IP "\fBcast5\-cbc cast5\-cfb cast5\-ecb cast5\-ofb\fR" 10
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.IX Item "cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb"
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\&\s-1CAST5\s0 Cipher
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.IP "\fBdes des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb\fR" 10
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.IX Item "des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-ede-ofb des-ofb"
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\&\s-1DES\s0 Cipher
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.IP "\fBdes3 desx des\-ede3 des\-ede3\-cbc des\-ede3\-cfb des\-ede3\-ofb\fR" 10
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.IX Item "des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb"
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Triple-DES Cipher
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.IP "\fBidea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb\fR" 10
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.IX Item "idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb"
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\&\s-1IDEA\s0 Cipher
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.IP "\fBrc2 rc2\-cbc rc2\-cfb rc2\-ecb rc2\-ofb\fR" 10
|
|
.IX Item "rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb"
|
|
\&\s-1RC2\s0 Cipher
|
|
.IP "\fBrc4\fR" 10
|
|
.IX Item "rc4"
|
|
\&\s-1RC4\s0 Cipher
|
|
.IP "\fBrc5 rc5\-cbc rc5\-cfb rc5\-ecb rc5\-ofb\fR" 10
|
|
.IX Item "rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb"
|
|
\&\s-1RC5\s0 Cipher
|
|
.SH "PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS"
|
|
.IX Header "PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS"
|
|
Several commands accept password arguments, typically using \fB\-passin\fR
|
|
and \fB\-passout\fR for input and output passwords respectively. These allow
|
|
the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these
|
|
options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no
|
|
password argument is given and a password is required then the user is
|
|
prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current
|
|
terminal with echoing turned off.
|
|
.IP "\fBpass:password\fR" 10
|
|
.IX Item "pass:password"
|
|
the actual password is \fBpassword\fR. Since the password is visible
|
|
to utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used
|
|
where security is not important.
|
|
.IP "\fBenv:var\fR" 10
|
|
.IX Item "env:var"
|
|
obtain the password from the environment variable \fBvar\fR. Since
|
|
the environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms
|
|
(e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with caution.
|
|
.IP "\fBfile:pathname\fR" 10
|
|
.IX Item "file:pathname"
|
|
the first line of \fBpathname\fR is the password. If the same \fBpathname\fR
|
|
argument is supplied to \fB\-passin\fR and \fB\-passout\fR arguments then the first
|
|
line will be used for the input password and the next line for the output
|
|
password. \fBpathname\fR need not refer to a regular file: it could for example
|
|
refer to a device or named pipe.
|
|
.IP "\fBfd:number\fR" 10
|
|
.IX Item "fd:number"
|
|
read the password from the file descriptor \fBnumber\fR. This can be used to
|
|
send the data via a pipe for example.
|
|
.IP "\fBstdin\fR" 10
|
|
.IX Item "stdin"
|
|
read the password from standard input.
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
|
\&\fIasn1parse\fR\|(1), \fIca\fR\|(1), \fIconfig\fR\|(5),
|
|
\&\fIcrl\fR\|(1), \fIcrl2pkcs7\fR\|(1), \fIdgst\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIdhparam\fR\|(1), \fIdsa\fR\|(1), \fIdsaparam\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIenc\fR\|(1), \fIgendsa\fR\|(1), \fIgenpkey\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIgenrsa\fR\|(1), \fInseq\fR\|(1), \fIopenssl\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIpasswd\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIpkcs12\fR\|(1), \fIpkcs7\fR\|(1), \fIpkcs8\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIrand\fR\|(1), \fIreq\fR\|(1), \fIrsa\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIrsautl\fR\|(1), \fIs_client\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIs_server\fR\|(1), \fIs_time\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIsmime\fR\|(1), \fIspkac\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIverify\fR\|(1), \fIversion\fR\|(1), \fIx509\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIcrypto\fR\|(3), \fIssl\fR\|(3), \fIx509v3_config\fR\|(5)
|
|
.SH "HISTORY"
|
|
.IX Header "HISTORY"
|
|
The \fIopenssl\fR\|(1) document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2.
|
|
The \fBlist\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR\fB\-commands\fR pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.3;
|
|
The \fBlist\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR\fB\-algorithms\fR pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0;
|
|
the \fBno\-\fR\fI\s-1XXX\s0\fR pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.5a.
|
|
For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual
|
|
manual pages.
|