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2) Alter packet flow inside dummynet: allow certain packets to bypass dummynet scheduler. Benefits are: - lower latency: if packet flow does not exceed pipe bandwidth, packets will not be (up to tick) delayed (due to dummynet's scheduler granularity). - lower overhead: if packet avoids dummynet scheduler it shouldn't reenter ip stack later. Such packets can be fastforwarded. - recursion (which can lead to kernel stack exhaution) eliminated. This fix long existed panic, which can be triggered this way: kldload dummynet sysctl net.inet.ip.fw.one_pass=0 ipfw pipe 1 config bw 0 for i in `jot 30`; do ipfw add 1 pipe 1 icmp from any to any; done ping -c 1 localhost 3) Three new sysctl nodes are added: net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_pkt - packets passed to dummynet net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_pkt_fast - packets avoided dummynet scheduler net.inet.ip.dummynet.io_pkt_drop - packets dropped by dummynet P.S. Above comments are true only for layer 3 packets. Layer 2 packet flow is not changed yet. MFC after: 3 month