d10910e6ce
IPv4 stack. Diffs are minimized against p4. PCS has been used for some protocol verification, more widespread testing of recorded sources in Group-and-Source queries is needed. sizeof(struct igmpstat) has changed. __FreeBSD_version is bumped to 800070.
833 lines
22 KiB
Groff
833 lines
22 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)ip.4 8.2 (Berkeley) 11/30/93
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd March 9, 2009
|
|
.Dt IP 4
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm ip
|
|
.Nd Internet Protocol
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.In sys/types.h
|
|
.In sys/socket.h
|
|
.In netinet/in.h
|
|
.Ft int
|
|
.Fn socket AF_INET SOCK_RAW proto
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
is the transport layer protocol used
|
|
by the Internet protocol family.
|
|
Options may be set at the
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
level
|
|
when using higher-level protocols that are based on
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
(such as
|
|
.Tn TCP
|
|
and
|
|
.Tn UDP ) .
|
|
It may also be accessed
|
|
through a
|
|
.Dq raw socket
|
|
when developing new protocols, or
|
|
special-purpose applications.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
There are several
|
|
.Tn IP-level
|
|
.Xr setsockopt 2
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr getsockopt 2
|
|
options.
|
|
.Dv IP_OPTIONS
|
|
may be used to provide
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
options to be transmitted in the
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
header of each outgoing packet
|
|
or to examine the header options on incoming packets.
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
options may be used with any socket type in the Internet family.
|
|
The format of
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
options to be sent is that specified by the
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
protocol specification (RFC-791), with one exception:
|
|
the list of addresses for Source Route options must include the first-hop
|
|
gateway at the beginning of the list of gateways.
|
|
The first-hop gateway address will be extracted from the option list
|
|
and the size adjusted accordingly before use.
|
|
To disable previously specified options,
|
|
use a zero-length buffer:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, NULL, 0);
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dv IP_TOS
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv IP_TTL
|
|
may be used to set the type-of-service and time-to-live
|
|
fields in the
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
header for
|
|
.Dv SOCK_STREAM , SOCK_DGRAM ,
|
|
and certain types of
|
|
.Dv SOCK_RAW
|
|
sockets.
|
|
For example,
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
int tos = IPTOS_LOWDELAY; /* see <netinet/ip.h> */
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, &tos, sizeof(tos));
|
|
|
|
int ttl = 60; /* max = 255 */
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dv IP_MINTTL
|
|
may be used to set the minimum acceptable TTL a packet must have when
|
|
received on a socket.
|
|
All packets with a lower TTL are silently dropped.
|
|
This option is only really useful when set to 255, preventing packets
|
|
from outside the directly connected networks reaching local listeners
|
|
on sockets.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dv IP_DONTFRAG
|
|
may be used to set the Don't Fragment flag on IP packets.
|
|
Currently this option is respected only on
|
|
.Xr udp 4
|
|
and raw
|
|
.Xr ip 4
|
|
sockets, unless the
|
|
.Dv IP_HDRINCL
|
|
option has been set.
|
|
On
|
|
.Xr tcp 4
|
|
sockets, the Don't Fragment flag is controlled by the Path
|
|
MTU Discovery option.
|
|
Sending a packet larger than the MTU size of the egress interface,
|
|
determined by the destination address, returns an
|
|
.Er EMSGSIZE
|
|
error.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dv IP_RECVDSTADDR
|
|
option is enabled on a
|
|
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
|
|
socket,
|
|
the
|
|
.Xr recvmsg 2
|
|
call will return the destination
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
address for a
|
|
.Tn UDP
|
|
datagram.
|
|
The
|
|
.Vt msg_control
|
|
field in the
|
|
.Vt msghdr
|
|
structure points to a buffer
|
|
that contains a
|
|
.Vt cmsghdr
|
|
structure followed by the
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
address.
|
|
The
|
|
.Vt cmsghdr
|
|
fields have the following values:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
cmsg_len = sizeof(struct in_addr)
|
|
cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IP
|
|
cmsg_type = IP_RECVDSTADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The source address to be used for outgoing
|
|
.Tn UDP
|
|
datagrams on a socket that is not bound to a specific
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
address can be specified as ancillary data with a type code of
|
|
.Dv IP_SENDSRCADDR .
|
|
The msg_control field in the msghdr structure should point to a buffer
|
|
that contains a
|
|
.Vt cmsghdr
|
|
structure followed by the
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
address.
|
|
The cmsghdr fields should have the following values:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
cmsg_len = sizeof(struct in_addr)
|
|
cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IP
|
|
cmsg_type = IP_SENDSRCADDR
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For convenience,
|
|
.Dv IP_SENDSRCADDR
|
|
is defined to have the same value as
|
|
.Dv IP_RECVDSTADDR ,
|
|
so the
|
|
.Dv IP_RECVDSTADDR
|
|
control message from
|
|
.Xr recvmsg 2
|
|
can be used directly as a control message for
|
|
.Xr sendmsg 2 .
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dv IP_ONESBCAST
|
|
option is enabled on a
|
|
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
|
|
or a
|
|
.Dv SOCK_RAW
|
|
socket, the destination address of outgoing
|
|
broadcast datagrams on that socket will be forced
|
|
to the undirected broadcast address,
|
|
.Dv INADDR_BROADCAST ,
|
|
before transmission.
|
|
This is in contrast to the default behavior of the
|
|
system, which is to transmit undirected broadcasts
|
|
via the first network interface with the
|
|
.Dv IFF_BROADCAST flag set.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This option allows applications to choose which
|
|
interface is used to transmit an undirected broadcast
|
|
datagram.
|
|
For example, the following code would force an
|
|
undirected broadcast to be transmitted via the interface
|
|
configured with the broadcast address 192.168.2.255:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
char msg[512];
|
|
struct sockaddr_in sin;
|
|
u_char onesbcast = 1; /* 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable */
|
|
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ONESBCAST, &onesbcast, sizeof(onesbcast));
|
|
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.2.255");
|
|
sin.sin_port = htons(1234);
|
|
sendto(s, msg, sizeof(msg), 0, &sin, sizeof(sin));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is the application's responsibility to set the
|
|
.Dv IP_TTL option
|
|
to an appropriate value in order to prevent broadcast storms.
|
|
The application must have sufficient credentials to set the
|
|
.Dv SO_BROADCAST
|
|
socket level option, otherwise the
|
|
.Dv IP_ONESBCAST option has no effect.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dv IP_RECVTTL
|
|
option is enabled on a
|
|
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
|
|
socket, the
|
|
.Xr recvmsg 2
|
|
call will return the
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
.Tn TTL
|
|
(time to live) field for a
|
|
.Tn UDP
|
|
datagram.
|
|
The msg_control field in the msghdr structure points to a buffer
|
|
that contains a cmsghdr structure followed by the
|
|
.Tn TTL .
|
|
The cmsghdr fields have the following values:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
cmsg_len = sizeof(u_char)
|
|
cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IP
|
|
cmsg_type = IP_RECVTTL
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Dv IP_RECVIF
|
|
option is enabled on a
|
|
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
|
|
socket, the
|
|
.Xr recvmsg 2
|
|
call returns a
|
|
.Vt "struct sockaddr_dl"
|
|
corresponding to the interface on which the
|
|
packet was received.
|
|
The
|
|
.Va msg_control
|
|
field in the
|
|
.Vt msghdr
|
|
structure points to a buffer that contains a
|
|
.Vt cmsghdr
|
|
structure followed by the
|
|
.Vt "struct sockaddr_dl" .
|
|
The
|
|
.Vt cmsghdr
|
|
fields have the following values:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
cmsg_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_dl)
|
|
cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IP
|
|
cmsg_type = IP_RECVIF
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dv IP_PORTRANGE
|
|
may be used to set the port range used for selecting a local port number
|
|
on a socket with an unspecified (zero) port number.
|
|
It has the following
|
|
possible values:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width IP_PORTRANGE_DEFAULT
|
|
.It Dv IP_PORTRANGE_DEFAULT
|
|
use the default range of values, normally
|
|
.Dv IPPORT_HIFIRSTAUTO
|
|
through
|
|
.Dv IPPORT_HILASTAUTO .
|
|
This is adjustable through the sysctl setting:
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.first
|
|
and
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.last .
|
|
.It Dv IP_PORTRANGE_HIGH
|
|
use a high range of values, normally
|
|
.Dv IPPORT_HIFIRSTAUTO
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv IPPORT_HILASTAUTO .
|
|
This is adjustable through the sysctl setting:
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.hifirst
|
|
and
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.hilast .
|
|
.It Dv IP_PORTRANGE_LOW
|
|
use a low range of ports, which are normally restricted to
|
|
privileged processes on
|
|
.Ux
|
|
systems.
|
|
The range is normally from
|
|
.Dv IPPORT_RESERVED
|
|
\- 1 down to
|
|
.Li IPPORT_RESERVEDSTART
|
|
in descending order.
|
|
This is adjustable through the sysctl setting:
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.lowfirst
|
|
and
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.lowlast .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The range of privileged ports which only may be opened by
|
|
root-owned processes may be modified by the
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow
|
|
and
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh
|
|
sysctl settings.
|
|
The values default to the traditional range,
|
|
0 through
|
|
.Dv IPPORT_RESERVED
|
|
\- 1
|
|
(0 through 1023), respectively.
|
|
Note that these settings do not affect and are not accounted for in the
|
|
use or calculation of the other
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange
|
|
values above.
|
|
Changing these values departs from
|
|
.Ux
|
|
tradition and has security
|
|
consequences that the administrator should carefully evaluate before
|
|
modifying these settings.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Ports are allocated at random within the specified port range in order
|
|
to increase the difficulty of random spoofing attacks.
|
|
In scenarios such as benchmarking, this behavior may be undesirable.
|
|
In these cases,
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.randomized
|
|
can be used to toggle randomization off.
|
|
If more than
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.randomcps
|
|
ports have been allocated in the last second, then return to sequential
|
|
port allocation.
|
|
Return to random allocation only once the current port allocation rate
|
|
drops below
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.randomcps
|
|
for at least
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.randomtime
|
|
seconds.
|
|
The default values for
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.randomcps
|
|
and
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.randomtime
|
|
are 10 port allocations per second and 45 seconds correspondingly.
|
|
.Ss "Multicast Options"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
multicasting is supported only on
|
|
.Dv AF_INET
|
|
sockets of type
|
|
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv SOCK_RAW ,
|
|
and only on networks where the interface
|
|
driver supports multicasting.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Dv IP_MULTICAST_TTL
|
|
option changes the time-to-live (TTL)
|
|
for outgoing multicast datagrams
|
|
in order to control the scope of the multicasts:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
u_char ttl; /* range: 0 to 255, default = 1 */
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Datagrams with a TTL of 1 are not forwarded beyond the local network.
|
|
Multicast datagrams with a TTL of 0 will not be transmitted on any network,
|
|
but may be delivered locally if the sending host belongs to the destination
|
|
group and if multicast loopback has not been disabled on the sending socket
|
|
(see below).
|
|
Multicast datagrams with TTL greater than 1 may be forwarded
|
|
to other networks if a multicast router is attached to the local network.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For hosts with multiple interfaces, where an interface has not
|
|
been specified for a multicast group membership,
|
|
each multicast transmission is sent from the primary network interface.
|
|
The
|
|
.Dv IP_MULTICAST_IF
|
|
option overrides the default for
|
|
subsequent transmissions from a given socket:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct in_addr addr;
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &addr, sizeof(addr));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where "addr" is the local
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
address of the desired interface or
|
|
.Dv INADDR_ANY
|
|
to specify the default interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To specify an interface by index, an instance of
|
|
.Vt ip_mreqn
|
|
may be passed instead.
|
|
The
|
|
.Vt imr_ifindex
|
|
member should be set to the index of the desired interface,
|
|
or 0 to specify the default interface.
|
|
The kernel differentiates between these two structures by their size.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The use of
|
|
.Vt IP_MULTICAST_IF
|
|
is
|
|
.Em not recommended ,
|
|
as multicast memberships are scoped to each
|
|
individual interface.
|
|
It is supported for legacy use only by applications,
|
|
such as routing daemons, which expect to
|
|
be able to transmit link-local IPv4 multicast datagrams (224.0.0.0/24)
|
|
on multiple interfaces,
|
|
without requesting an individual membership for each interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.\"
|
|
An interface's local IP address and multicast capability can
|
|
be obtained via the
|
|
.Dv SIOCGIFCONF
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv SIOCGIFFLAGS
|
|
ioctls.
|
|
Normal applications should not need to use this option.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a multicast datagram is sent to a group to which the sending host itself
|
|
belongs (on the outgoing interface), a copy of the datagram is, by default,
|
|
looped back by the IP layer for local delivery.
|
|
The
|
|
.Dv IP_MULTICAST_LOOP
|
|
option gives the sender explicit control
|
|
over whether or not subsequent datagrams are looped back:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
u_char loop; /* 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default) */
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, sizeof(loop));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This option
|
|
improves performance for applications that may have no more than one
|
|
instance on a single host (such as a routing daemon), by eliminating
|
|
the overhead of receiving their own transmissions.
|
|
It should generally not
|
|
be used by applications for which there may be more than one instance on a
|
|
single host (such as a conferencing program) or for which the sender does
|
|
not belong to the destination group (such as a time querying program).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The sysctl setting
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.mcast.loop
|
|
controls the default setting of the
|
|
.Dv IP_MULTICAST_LOOP
|
|
socket option for new sockets.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A multicast datagram sent with an initial TTL greater than 1 may be delivered
|
|
to the sending host on a different interface from that on which it was sent,
|
|
if the host belongs to the destination group on that other interface.
|
|
The loopback control option has no effect on such delivery.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A host must become a member of a multicast group before it can receive
|
|
datagrams sent to the group.
|
|
To join a multicast group, use the
|
|
.Dv IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP
|
|
option:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct ip_mreq mreq;
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &mreq, sizeof(mreq));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Fa mreq
|
|
is the following structure:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct ip_mreq {
|
|
struct in_addr imr_multiaddr; /* IP multicast address of group */
|
|
struct in_addr imr_interface; /* local IP address of interface */
|
|
}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Va imr_interface
|
|
should be set to the
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
address of a particular multicast-capable interface if
|
|
the host is multihomed.
|
|
It may be set to
|
|
.Dv INADDR_ANY
|
|
to choose the default interface, although this is not recommended;
|
|
this is considered to be the first interface corresponding
|
|
to the default route.
|
|
Otherwise, the first multicast-capable interface
|
|
configured in the system will be used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Prior to
|
|
.Fx 7.0 ,
|
|
if the
|
|
.Va imr_interface
|
|
member is within the network range
|
|
.Li 0.0.0.0/8 ,
|
|
it is treated as an interface index in the system interface MIB,
|
|
as per the RIP Version 2 MIB Extension (RFC-1724).
|
|
In versions of
|
|
.Fx
|
|
since 7.0, this behavior is no longer supported.
|
|
Developers should
|
|
instead use the RFC 3678 multicast source filter APIs; in particular,
|
|
.Dv MCAST_JOIN_GROUP .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Up to
|
|
.Dv IP_MAX_MEMBERSHIPS
|
|
memberships may be added on a single socket.
|
|
Membership is associated with a single interface;
|
|
programs running on multihomed hosts may need to
|
|
join the same group on more than one interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To drop a membership, use:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct ip_mreq mreq;
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, &mreq, sizeof(mreq));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Fa mreq
|
|
contains the same values as used to add the membership.
|
|
Memberships are dropped when the socket is closed or the process exits.
|
|
.\" TODO: Update this piece when IPv4 source-address selection is implemented.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The IGMP protocol uses the primary IP address of the interface
|
|
as its identifier for group membership.
|
|
This is the first IP address configured on the interface.
|
|
If this address is removed or changed, the results are
|
|
undefined, as the IGMP membership state will then be inconsistent.
|
|
If multiple IP aliases are configured on the same interface,
|
|
they will be ignored.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This shortcoming was addressed in IPv6; MLDv2 requires
|
|
that the unique link-local address for an interface is
|
|
used to identify an MLDv2 listener.
|
|
.Ss "Source-Specific Multicast Options"
|
|
Since
|
|
.Fx 8.0 ,
|
|
the use of Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) is supported.
|
|
These extensions require an IGMPv3 multicast router in order to
|
|
make best use of them.
|
|
If a legacy multicast router is present on the link,
|
|
.Fx
|
|
will simply downgrade to the version of IGMP spoken by the router,
|
|
and the benefits of source filtering on the upstream link
|
|
will not be present, although the kernel will continue to
|
|
squelch transmissions from blocked sources.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Each group membership on a socket now has a filter mode:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width MCAST_EXCLUDE
|
|
.It Dv MCAST_EXCLUDE
|
|
Datagrams sent to this group are accepted,
|
|
unless the source is in a list of blocked source addresses.
|
|
.It Dv MCAST_INCLUDE
|
|
Datagrams sent to this group are accepted
|
|
only if the source is in a list of accepted source addresses.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Groups joined using the legacy
|
|
.Dv IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP
|
|
option are placed in exclusive-mode,
|
|
and are able to request that certain sources are blocked or allowed.
|
|
This is known as the
|
|
.Em delta-based API .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To block a multicast source on an existing group membership:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct ip_mreq_source mreqs;
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_BLOCK_SOURCE, &mreqs, sizeof(mreqs));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where
|
|
.Fa mreqs
|
|
is the following structure:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct ip_mreq_source {
|
|
struct in_addr imr_multiaddr; /* IP multicast address of group */
|
|
struct in_addr imr_sourceaddr; /* IP address of source */
|
|
struct in_addr imr_interface; /* local IP address of interface */
|
|
}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Va imr_sourceaddr
|
|
should be set to the address of the source to be blocked.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To unblock a multicast source on an existing group:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct ip_mreq_source mreqs;
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE, &mreqs, sizeof(mreqs));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Dv IP_BLOCK_SOURCE
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv IP_UNBLOCK_SOURCE
|
|
options are
|
|
.Em not permitted
|
|
for inclusive-mode group memberships.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To join a multicast group in
|
|
.Dv MCAST_INCLUDE
|
|
mode with a single source,
|
|
or add another source to an existing inclusive-mode membership:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct ip_mreq_source mreqs;
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP, &mreqs, sizeof(mreqs));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To leave a single source from an existing group in inclusive mode:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
struct ip_mreq_source mreqs;
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP, &mreqs, sizeof(mreqs));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
If this is the last accepted source for the group, the membership
|
|
will be dropped.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Dv IP_ADD_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv IP_DROP_SOURCE_MEMBERSHIP
|
|
options are
|
|
.Em not accepted
|
|
for exclusive-mode group memberships.
|
|
However, both exclusive and inclusive mode memberships
|
|
support the use of the
|
|
.Em full-state API
|
|
documented in RFC 3678.
|
|
For management of source filter lists using this API,
|
|
please refer to
|
|
.Xr sourcefilter 3 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The sysctl settings
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.mcast.maxsocksrc
|
|
and
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.mcast.maxgrpsrc
|
|
are used to specify an upper limit on the number of per-socket and per-group
|
|
source filter entries which the kernel may allocate.
|
|
.\"-----------------------
|
|
.Ss "Raw IP Sockets"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Raw
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
sockets are connectionless,
|
|
and are normally used with the
|
|
.Xr sendto 2
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr recvfrom 2
|
|
calls, though the
|
|
.Xr connect 2
|
|
call may also be used to fix the destination for future
|
|
packets (in which case the
|
|
.Xr read 2
|
|
or
|
|
.Xr recv 2
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr write 2
|
|
or
|
|
.Xr send 2
|
|
system calls may be used).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If
|
|
.Fa proto
|
|
is 0, the default protocol
|
|
.Dv IPPROTO_RAW
|
|
is used for outgoing
|
|
packets, and only incoming packets destined for that protocol
|
|
are received.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fa proto
|
|
is non-zero, that protocol number will be used on outgoing packets
|
|
and to filter incoming packets.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Outgoing packets automatically have an
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
header prepended to
|
|
them (based on the destination address and the protocol
|
|
number the socket is created with),
|
|
unless the
|
|
.Dv IP_HDRINCL
|
|
option has been set.
|
|
Incoming packets are received with
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
header and options intact.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dv IP_HDRINCL
|
|
indicates the complete IP header is included with the data
|
|
and may be used only with the
|
|
.Dv SOCK_RAW
|
|
type.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
|
|
#include <netinet/ip.h>
|
|
|
|
int hincl = 1; /* 1 = on, 0 = off */
|
|
setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hincl, sizeof(hincl));
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Unlike previous
|
|
.Bx
|
|
releases, the program must set all
|
|
the fields of the IP header, including the following:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
|
|
ip->ip_hl = hlen >> 2;
|
|
ip->ip_id = 0; /* 0 means kernel set appropriate value */
|
|
ip->ip_off = offset;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Va ip_len
|
|
and
|
|
.Va ip_off
|
|
fields
|
|
.Em must
|
|
be provided in host byte order .
|
|
All other fields must be provided in network byte order.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr byteorder 3
|
|
for more information on network byte order.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Va ip_id
|
|
field is set to 0 then the kernel will choose an
|
|
appropriate value.
|
|
If the header source address is set to
|
|
.Dv INADDR_ANY ,
|
|
the kernel will choose an appropriate address.
|
|
.Sh ERRORS
|
|
A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Er
|
|
.It Bq Er EISCONN
|
|
when trying to establish a connection on a socket which
|
|
already has one, or when trying to send a datagram with the destination
|
|
address specified and the socket is already connected;
|
|
.It Bq Er ENOTCONN
|
|
when trying to send a datagram, but
|
|
no destination address is specified, and the socket has not been
|
|
connected;
|
|
.It Bq Er ENOBUFS
|
|
when the system runs out of memory for
|
|
an internal data structure;
|
|
.It Bq Er EADDRNOTAVAIL
|
|
when an attempt is made to create a
|
|
socket with a network address for which no network interface
|
|
exists.
|
|
.It Bq Er EACCES
|
|
when an attempt is made to create
|
|
a raw IP socket by a non-privileged process.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following errors specific to
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
may occur when setting or getting
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
options:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Er
|
|
.It Bq Er EINVAL
|
|
An unknown socket option name was given.
|
|
.It Bq Er EINVAL
|
|
The IP option field was improperly formed;
|
|
an option field was shorter than the minimum value
|
|
or longer than the option buffer provided.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following errors may occur when attempting to send
|
|
.Tn IP
|
|
datagrams via a
|
|
.Dq raw socket
|
|
with the
|
|
.Dv IP_HDRINCL
|
|
option set:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Er
|
|
.It Bq Er EINVAL
|
|
The user-supplied
|
|
.Va ip_len
|
|
field was not equal to the length of the datagram written to the socket.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr getsockopt 2 ,
|
|
.Xr recv 2 ,
|
|
.Xr send 2 ,
|
|
.Xr byteorder 3 ,
|
|
.Xr icmp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr igmp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr inet 4 ,
|
|
.Xr intro 4 ,
|
|
.Xr multicast 4 ,
|
|
.Xr sourcefilter 3
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%A D. Thaler
|
|
.%A B. Fenner
|
|
.%A B. Quinn
|
|
.%T "Socket Interface Extensions for Multicast Source Filters"
|
|
.%N RFC 3678
|
|
.%D Jan 2004
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
protocol appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Vt ip_mreqn
|
|
structure appeared in
|
|
.Tn Linux 2.4 .
|