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Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
/*-
sys: general adoption of SPDX licensing ID tags. Mainly focus on files that use BSD 2-Clause license, however the tool I was using misidentified many licenses so this was mostly a manual - error prone - task. The Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) group provides a specification to make it easier for automated tools to detect and summarize well known opensource licenses. We are gradually adopting the specification, noting that the tags are considered only advisory and do not, in any way, superceed or replace the license texts. No functional change intended.
2017-11-27 15:23:17 +00:00
* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause-FreeBSD
*
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
* Copyright (c) 2002-2006 Rice University
* Copyright (c) 2007 Alan L. Cox <alc@cs.rice.edu>
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Alan L. Cox,
* Olivier Crameri, Peter Druschel, Sitaram Iyer, and Juan Navarro.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY
* WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
Refactor the code that performs physically contiguous memory allocation, yielding a new public interface, vm_page_alloc_contig(). This new function addresses some of the limitations of the current interfaces, contigmalloc() and kmem_alloc_contig(). For example, the physically contiguous memory that is allocated with those interfaces can only be allocated to the kernel vm object and must be mapped into the kernel virtual address space. It also provides functionality that vm_phys_alloc_contig() doesn't, such as wiring the returned pages. Moreover, unlike that function, it respects the low water marks on the paging queues and wakes up the page daemon when necessary. That said, at present, this new function can't be applied to all types of vm objects. However, that restriction will be eliminated in the coming weeks. From a design standpoint, this change also addresses an inconsistency between vm_phys_alloc_contig() and the other vm_phys_alloc*() functions. Specifically, vm_phys_alloc_contig() manipulated vm_page fields that other functions in vm/vm_phys.c didn't. Moreover, vm_phys_alloc_contig() knew about vnodes and reservations. Now, vm_page_alloc_contig() is responsible for these things. Reviewed by: kib Discussed with: jhb
2011-11-16 16:46:09 +00:00
/*
* Physical memory system implementation
*
* Any external functions defined by this module are only to be used by the
* virtual memory system.
*/
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
#include "opt_ddb.h"
Make VM_NDOMAIN a kernel option so that it can be enabled from a kernel config file. Requested by: phk (ages ago) MFC after: 1 month
2013-02-14 19:38:04 +00:00
#include "opt_vm.h"
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
Create some global domainsets and refactor NUMA registration. Pre-defined policies are useful when integrating the domainset(9) policy machinery into various kernel memory allocators. The refactoring will make it easier to add NUMA support for other architectures. No functional change intended. Reviewed by: alc, gallatin, jeff, kib Tested by: pho (part of a larger patch) MFC after: 3 days Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17416
2018-10-20 17:36:00 +00:00
#include <sys/domainset.h>
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
#include <sys/proc.h>
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
#include <sys/queue.h>
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
#include <sys/rwlock.h>
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
#include <sys/sbuf.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
#include <sys/tree.h>
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
Add an initial NUMA affinity/policy configuration for threads and processes. This is based on work done by jeff@ and jhb@, as well as the numa.diff patch that has been circulating when someone asks for first-touch NUMA on -10 or -11. * Introduce a simple set of VM policy and iterator types. * tie the policy types into the vm_phys path for now, mirroring how the initial first-touch allocation work was enabled. * add syscalls to control changing thread and process defaults. * add a global NUMA VM domain policy. * implement a simple cascade policy order - if a thread policy exists, use it; if a process policy exists, use it; use the default policy. * processes inherit policies from their parent processes, threads inherit policies from their parent threads. * add a simple tool (numactl) to query and modify default thread/process policities. * add documentation for the new syscalls, for numa and for numactl. * re-enable first touch NUMA again by default, as now policies can be set in a variety of methods. This is only relevant for very specific workloads. This doesn't pretend to be a final NUMA solution. The previous defaults in -HEAD (with MAXMEMDOM set) can be achieved by 'sysctl vm.default_policy=rr'. This is only relevant if MAXMEMDOM is set to something other than 1. Ie, if you're using GENERIC or a modified kernel with non-NUMA, then this is a glorified no-op for you. Thank you to Norse Corp for giving me access to rather large (for FreeBSD!) NUMA machines in order to develop and verify this. Thank you to Dell for providing me with dual socket sandybridge and westmere v3 hardware to do NUMA development with. Thank you to Scott Long at Netflix for providing me with access to the two-socket, four-domain haswell v3 hardware. Thank you to Peter Holm for running the stress testing suite against the NUMA branch during various stages of development! Tested: * MIPS (regression testing; non-NUMA) * i386 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * amd64 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * westmere, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * sandy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou dell!) * ivy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * westmere-EX, 4 socket / 1TB RAM (thankyou norse!) * haswell, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * haswell v3, 2 socket (thankyou dell) * haswell v3, 2x18 core (thankyou scott long / netflix!) * Peter Holm ran a stress test suite on this work and found one issue, but has not been able to verify it (it doesn't look NUMA related, and he only saw it once over many testing runs.) * I've tested bhyve instances running in fixed NUMA domains and cpusets; all seems to work correctly. Verified: * intel-pcm - pcm-numa.x and pcm-memory.x, whilst selecting different NUMA policies for processes under test. Review: This was reviewed through phabricator (https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2559) as well as privately and via emails to freebsd-arch@. The git history with specific attributes is available at https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/ in the NUMA branch (https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/compare/local/adrian_numa_policy). This has been reviewed by a number of people (stas, rpaulo, kib, ngie, wblock) but not achieved a clear consensus. My hope is that with further exposure and testing more functionality can be implemented and evaluated. Notes: * The VM doesn't handle unbalanced domains very well, and if you have an overly unbalanced memory setup whilst under high memory pressure, VM page allocation may fail leading to a kernel panic. This was a problem in the past, but it's much more easily triggered now with these tools. * This work only controls the path through vm_phys; it doesn't yet strongly/predictably affect contigmalloc, KVA placement, UMA, etc. So, driver placement of memory isn't really guaranteed in any way. That's next on my plate. Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc.; Dell
2015-07-11 15:21:37 +00:00
#include <sys/seq.h>
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
#include <ddb/ddb.h>
#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>
#include <vm/vm_object.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_phys.h>
Use per-domain locks for vm page queue free. Move paging control from global to per-domain state. Protect reservations with the free lock from the domain that they belong to. Refactor to make vm domains more of a first class object. Reviewed by: markj, kib, gallatin Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14000
2018-02-06 22:10:07 +00:00
#include <vm/vm_pagequeue.h>
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
Split the pagequeues per NUMA domains, and split pageademon process into threads each processing queue in a single domain. The structure of the pagedaemons and queues is kept intact, most of the changes come from the need for code to find an owning page queue for given page, calculated from the segment containing the page. The tie between NUMA domain and pagedaemon thread/pagequeue split is rather arbitrary, the multithreaded daemon could be allowed for the single-domain machines, or one domain might be split into several page domains, to further increase concurrency. Right now, each pagedaemon thread tries to reach the global target, precalculated at the start of the pass. This is not optimal, since it could cause excessive page deactivation and freeing. The code should be changed to re-check the global page deficit state in the loop after some number of iterations. The pagedaemons reach the quorum before starting the OOM, since one thread inability to meet the target is normal for split queues. Only when all pagedaemons fail to produce enough reusable pages, OOM is started by single selected thread. Launder is modified to take into account the segments layout with regard to the region for which cleaning is performed. Based on the preliminary patch by jeff, sponsored by EMC / Isilon Storage Division. Reviewed by: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
2013-08-07 16:36:38 +00:00
_Static_assert(sizeof(long) * NBBY >= VM_PHYSSEG_MAX,
"Too many physsegs.");
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
Move VM_NUMA_ALLOC and DEVICE_NUMA under the single global config option NUMA. Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Discussed with: jhb
2018-01-14 03:36:03 +00:00
#ifdef NUMA
Use read_mostly and alignment tags to eliminate or limit false sharing. Reviewed by: markj (Part of D14707) Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
2018-03-22 19:06:50 +00:00
struct mem_affinity __read_mostly *mem_affinity;
int __read_mostly *mem_locality;
Add more fine-grained kernel options for NUMA support. VM_NUMA_ALLOC is used to enable use of domain-aware memory allocation in the virtual memory system. DEVICE_NUMA is used to enable affinity reporting for devices such as bus_get_domain(). MAXMEMDOM must still be set to a value greater than for any NUMA support to be effective. Note that 'cpuset -gd' always works if MAXMEMDOM is enabled and the system supports NUMA. Reviewed by: kib Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5782
2016-04-09 13:58:04 +00:00
#endif
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
Use read_mostly and alignment tags to eliminate or limit false sharing. Reviewed by: markj (Part of D14707) Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
2018-03-22 19:06:50 +00:00
int __read_mostly vm_ndomains = 1;
Add more NUMA-specific low memory predicates. Use these predicates instead of inline references to vm_min_domains. Also add a global all_domains set, akin to all_cpus. Reviewed by: alc, jeff, kib Approved by: re (gjb) Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17278
2018-09-24 19:24:17 +00:00
domainset_t __read_mostly all_domains = DOMAINSET_T_INITIALIZER(0x1);
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
Use read_mostly and alignment tags to eliminate or limit false sharing. Reviewed by: markj (Part of D14707) Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
2018-03-22 19:06:50 +00:00
struct vm_phys_seg __read_mostly vm_phys_segs[VM_PHYSSEG_MAX];
int __read_mostly vm_phys_nsegs;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg;
static int vm_phys_fictitious_cmp(struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg *,
struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg *);
RB_HEAD(fict_tree, vm_phys_fictitious_seg) vm_phys_fictitious_tree =
RB_INITIALIZER(_vm_phys_fictitious_tree);
struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg {
RB_ENTRY(vm_phys_fictitious_seg) node;
/* Memory region data */
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
vm_paddr_t start;
vm_paddr_t end;
vm_page_t first_page;
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
};
RB_GENERATE_STATIC(fict_tree, vm_phys_fictitious_seg, node,
vm_phys_fictitious_cmp);
Use read_mostly and alignment tags to eliminate or limit false sharing. Reviewed by: markj (Part of D14707) Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
2018-03-22 19:06:50 +00:00
static struct rwlock_padalign vm_phys_fictitious_reg_lock;
Fill in the description fields for M_FICT_PAGES. Reviewed by: kib MFC after: 3 days
2013-08-07 00:20:30 +00:00
MALLOC_DEFINE(M_FICT_PAGES, "vm_fictitious", "Fictitious VM pages");
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
Use read_mostly and alignment tags to eliminate or limit false sharing. Reviewed by: markj (Part of D14707) Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
2018-03-22 19:06:50 +00:00
static struct vm_freelist __aligned(CACHE_LINE_SIZE)
MI VM: Make it possible to set size of superpage at boot instead of compile time. In order to allow single kernel to use PAE pagetables on i386 if hardware supports it, and fall back to classic two-level paging structures if not, superpage code should be able to adopt to either 2M or 4M superpages size. There I make MI VM structures large enough to track the biggest possible superpage, by allowing architecture to define VM_NFREEORDER_MAX and VM_LEVEL_0_ORDER_MAX constants. Corresponding VM_NFREEORDER and VM_LEVEL_0_ORDER symbols can be defined as runtime values and must be less than the _MAX constants. If architecture does not define _MAXs, it is assumed that _MAX == normal constant. Reviewed by: markj Tested by: pho (as part of the larger patch) Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation MFC after: 1 week Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D18853
2019-01-18 13:35:06 +00:00
vm_phys_free_queues[MAXMEMDOM][VM_NFREELIST][VM_NFREEPOOL]
[VM_NFREEORDER_MAX];
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
Use read_mostly and alignment tags to eliminate or limit false sharing. Reviewed by: markj (Part of D14707) Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
2018-03-22 19:06:50 +00:00
static int __read_mostly vm_nfreelists;
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
/*
* Provides the mapping from VM_FREELIST_* to free list indices (flind).
*/
Use read_mostly and alignment tags to eliminate or limit false sharing. Reviewed by: markj (Part of D14707) Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon
2018-03-22 19:06:50 +00:00
static int __read_mostly vm_freelist_to_flind[VM_NFREELIST];
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
CTASSERT(VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT == 0);
#ifdef VM_FREELIST_DMA32
#define VM_DMA32_BOUNDARY ((vm_paddr_t)1 << 32)
#endif
/*
* Enforce the assumptions made by vm_phys_add_seg() and vm_phys_init() about
* the ordering of the free list boundaries.
*/
#if defined(VM_LOWMEM_BOUNDARY) && defined(VM_DMA32_BOUNDARY)
CTASSERT(VM_LOWMEM_BOUNDARY < VM_DMA32_BOUNDARY);
#endif
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
static int sysctl_vm_phys_free(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
SYSCTL_OID(_vm, OID_AUTO, phys_free, CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD,
NULL, 0, sysctl_vm_phys_free, "A", "Phys Free Info");
static int sysctl_vm_phys_segs(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
SYSCTL_OID(_vm, OID_AUTO, phys_segs, CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD,
NULL, 0, sysctl_vm_phys_segs, "A", "Phys Seg Info");
Move VM_NUMA_ALLOC and DEVICE_NUMA under the single global config option NUMA. Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Discussed with: jhb
2018-01-14 03:36:03 +00:00
#ifdef NUMA
Add initial memory locality cost awareness to the VM, and include a basic ACPI SLIT table parser. For now this just exports the map via sysctl; it'll eventually be useful to userland when there's more useful NUMA support in -HEAD. * Add an optional mem_locality map; * add a mapping function taking from/to domain and returning the relative cost, or -1 if it's not available; * Add a very basic SLIT parser to x86 ACPI. Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2460 Reviewed by: rpaulo, stas, jhb Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc (hardware, coding); Dell (hardware)
2015-05-08 00:56:56 +00:00
static int sysctl_vm_phys_locality(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS);
SYSCTL_OID(_vm, OID_AUTO, phys_locality, CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD,
NULL, 0, sysctl_vm_phys_locality, "A", "Phys Locality Info");
Add an initial NUMA affinity/policy configuration for threads and processes. This is based on work done by jeff@ and jhb@, as well as the numa.diff patch that has been circulating when someone asks for first-touch NUMA on -10 or -11. * Introduce a simple set of VM policy and iterator types. * tie the policy types into the vm_phys path for now, mirroring how the initial first-touch allocation work was enabled. * add syscalls to control changing thread and process defaults. * add a global NUMA VM domain policy. * implement a simple cascade policy order - if a thread policy exists, use it; if a process policy exists, use it; use the default policy. * processes inherit policies from their parent processes, threads inherit policies from their parent threads. * add a simple tool (numactl) to query and modify default thread/process policities. * add documentation for the new syscalls, for numa and for numactl. * re-enable first touch NUMA again by default, as now policies can be set in a variety of methods. This is only relevant for very specific workloads. This doesn't pretend to be a final NUMA solution. The previous defaults in -HEAD (with MAXMEMDOM set) can be achieved by 'sysctl vm.default_policy=rr'. This is only relevant if MAXMEMDOM is set to something other than 1. Ie, if you're using GENERIC or a modified kernel with non-NUMA, then this is a glorified no-op for you. Thank you to Norse Corp for giving me access to rather large (for FreeBSD!) NUMA machines in order to develop and verify this. Thank you to Dell for providing me with dual socket sandybridge and westmere v3 hardware to do NUMA development with. Thank you to Scott Long at Netflix for providing me with access to the two-socket, four-domain haswell v3 hardware. Thank you to Peter Holm for running the stress testing suite against the NUMA branch during various stages of development! Tested: * MIPS (regression testing; non-NUMA) * i386 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * amd64 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * westmere, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * sandy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou dell!) * ivy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * westmere-EX, 4 socket / 1TB RAM (thankyou norse!) * haswell, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * haswell v3, 2 socket (thankyou dell) * haswell v3, 2x18 core (thankyou scott long / netflix!) * Peter Holm ran a stress test suite on this work and found one issue, but has not been able to verify it (it doesn't look NUMA related, and he only saw it once over many testing runs.) * I've tested bhyve instances running in fixed NUMA domains and cpusets; all seems to work correctly. Verified: * intel-pcm - pcm-numa.x and pcm-memory.x, whilst selecting different NUMA policies for processes under test. Review: This was reviewed through phabricator (https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2559) as well as privately and via emails to freebsd-arch@. The git history with specific attributes is available at https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/ in the NUMA branch (https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/compare/local/adrian_numa_policy). This has been reviewed by a number of people (stas, rpaulo, kib, ngie, wblock) but not achieved a clear consensus. My hope is that with further exposure and testing more functionality can be implemented and evaluated. Notes: * The VM doesn't handle unbalanced domains very well, and if you have an overly unbalanced memory setup whilst under high memory pressure, VM page allocation may fail leading to a kernel panic. This was a problem in the past, but it's much more easily triggered now with these tools. * This work only controls the path through vm_phys; it doesn't yet strongly/predictably affect contigmalloc, KVA placement, UMA, etc. So, driver placement of memory isn't really guaranteed in any way. That's next on my plate. Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc.; Dell
2015-07-11 15:21:37 +00:00
#endif
Add initial memory locality cost awareness to the VM, and include a basic ACPI SLIT table parser. For now this just exports the map via sysctl; it'll eventually be useful to userland when there's more useful NUMA support in -HEAD. * Add an optional mem_locality map; * add a mapping function taking from/to domain and returning the relative cost, or -1 if it's not available; * Add a very basic SLIT parser to x86 ACPI. Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2460 Reviewed by: rpaulo, stas, jhb Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc (hardware, coding); Dell (hardware)
2015-05-08 00:56:56 +00:00
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
SYSCTL_INT(_vm, OID_AUTO, ndomains, CTLFLAG_RD,
&vm_ndomains, 0, "Number of physical memory domains available.");
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
static vm_page_t vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(struct vm_phys_seg *seg,
u_long npages, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high, u_long alignment,
vm_paddr_t boundary);
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
static void _vm_phys_create_seg(vm_paddr_t start, vm_paddr_t end, int domain);
static void vm_phys_create_seg(vm_paddr_t start, vm_paddr_t end);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
static void vm_phys_split_pages(vm_page_t m, int oind, struct vm_freelist *fl,
Allow callers to vm_phys_split_pages() to specify whether insertion should occur at the head or the tail of the page queues.
2018-07-05 02:08:57 +00:00
int order, int tail);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
/*
* Red-black tree helpers for vm fictitious range management.
*/
static inline int
vm_phys_fictitious_in_range(struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg *p,
struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg *range)
{
KASSERT(range->start != 0 && range->end != 0,
("Invalid range passed on search for vm_fictitious page"));
if (p->start >= range->end)
return (1);
if (p->start < range->start)
return (-1);
return (0);
}
static int
vm_phys_fictitious_cmp(struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg *p1,
struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg *p2)
{
/* Check if this is a search for a page */
if (p1->end == 0)
return (vm_phys_fictitious_in_range(p1, p2));
KASSERT(p2->end != 0,
("Invalid range passed as second parameter to vm fictitious comparison"));
/* Searching to add a new range */
if (p1->end <= p2->start)
return (-1);
if (p1->start >= p2->end)
return (1);
panic("Trying to add overlapping vm fictitious ranges:\n"
"[%#jx:%#jx] and [%#jx:%#jx]", (uintmax_t)p1->start,
(uintmax_t)p1->end, (uintmax_t)p2->start, (uintmax_t)p2->end);
}
Add support for NUMA domains to bus dma tags. This causes all memory allocated with a tag to come from the specified domain if it meets the other constraints provided by the tag. Automatically create a tag at the root of each bus specifying the domain local to that bus if available. Reviewed by: jhb, kib Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13545
2018-01-12 23:34:16 +00:00
int
vm_phys_domain_match(int prefer, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high)
Split the pagequeues per NUMA domains, and split pageademon process into threads each processing queue in a single domain. The structure of the pagedaemons and queues is kept intact, most of the changes come from the need for code to find an owning page queue for given page, calculated from the segment containing the page. The tie between NUMA domain and pagedaemon thread/pagequeue split is rather arbitrary, the multithreaded daemon could be allowed for the single-domain machines, or one domain might be split into several page domains, to further increase concurrency. Right now, each pagedaemon thread tries to reach the global target, precalculated at the start of the pass. This is not optimal, since it could cause excessive page deactivation and freeing. The code should be changed to re-check the global page deficit state in the loop after some number of iterations. The pagedaemons reach the quorum before starting the OOM, since one thread inability to meet the target is normal for split queues. Only when all pagedaemons fail to produce enough reusable pages, OOM is started by single selected thread. Launder is modified to take into account the segments layout with regard to the region for which cleaning is performed. Based on the preliminary patch by jeff, sponsored by EMC / Isilon Storage Division. Reviewed by: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
2013-08-07 16:36:38 +00:00
{
Move VM_NUMA_ALLOC and DEVICE_NUMA under the single global config option NUMA. Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Discussed with: jhb
2018-01-14 03:36:03 +00:00
#ifdef NUMA
Add support for NUMA domains to bus dma tags. This causes all memory allocated with a tag to come from the specified domain if it meets the other constraints provided by the tag. Automatically create a tag at the root of each bus specifying the domain local to that bus if available. Reviewed by: jhb, kib Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13545
2018-01-12 23:34:16 +00:00
domainset_t mask;
int i;
if (vm_ndomains == 1 || mem_affinity == NULL)
return (0);
DOMAINSET_ZERO(&mask);
/*
* Check for any memory that overlaps low, high.
*/
for (i = 0; mem_affinity[i].end != 0; i++)
if (mem_affinity[i].start <= high &&
mem_affinity[i].end >= low)
DOMAINSET_SET(mem_affinity[i].domain, &mask);
if (prefer != -1 && DOMAINSET_ISSET(prefer, &mask))
return (prefer);
if (DOMAINSET_EMPTY(&mask))
panic("vm_phys_domain_match: Impossible constraint");
return (DOMAINSET_FFS(&mask) - 1);
#else
return (0);
#endif
Split the pagequeues per NUMA domains, and split pageademon process into threads each processing queue in a single domain. The structure of the pagedaemons and queues is kept intact, most of the changes come from the need for code to find an owning page queue for given page, calculated from the segment containing the page. The tie between NUMA domain and pagedaemon thread/pagequeue split is rather arbitrary, the multithreaded daemon could be allowed for the single-domain machines, or one domain might be split into several page domains, to further increase concurrency. Right now, each pagedaemon thread tries to reach the global target, precalculated at the start of the pass. This is not optimal, since it could cause excessive page deactivation and freeing. The code should be changed to re-check the global page deficit state in the loop after some number of iterations. The pagedaemons reach the quorum before starting the OOM, since one thread inability to meet the target is normal for split queues. Only when all pagedaemons fail to produce enough reusable pages, OOM is started by single selected thread. Launder is modified to take into account the segments layout with regard to the region for which cleaning is performed. Based on the preliminary patch by jeff, sponsored by EMC / Isilon Storage Division. Reviewed by: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation
2013-08-07 16:36:38 +00:00
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
/*
* Outputs the state of the physical memory allocator, specifically,
* the amount of physical memory in each free list.
*/
static int
sysctl_vm_phys_free(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
struct sbuf sbuf;
struct vm_freelist *fl;
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
int dom, error, flind, oind, pind;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
Explicitly wire the user buffer rather than doing it implicitly in sbuf_new_for_sysctl(9). This allows using an sbuf with a SYSCTL_OUT drain for extremely large amounts of data where the caller knows that appropriate references are held, and sleeping is not an issue. Inspired by: rwatson
2011-01-27 00:34:12 +00:00
error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, 0);
if (error != 0)
return (error);
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
sbuf_new_for_sysctl(&sbuf, NULL, 128 * vm_ndomains, req);
for (dom = 0; dom < vm_ndomains; dom++) {
Tidy up the output of "sysctl vm.phys_free". Approved by: re (glebius) Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2013-10-10 16:11:45 +00:00
sbuf_printf(&sbuf,"\nDOMAIN %d:\n", dom);
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
for (flind = 0; flind < vm_nfreelists; flind++) {
Tidy up the output of "sysctl vm.phys_free". Approved by: re (glebius) Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2013-10-10 16:11:45 +00:00
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "\nFREE LIST %d:\n"
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
"\n ORDER (SIZE) | NUMBER"
"\n ", flind);
for (pind = 0; pind < VM_NFREEPOOL; pind++)
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, " | POOL %d", pind);
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "\n-- ");
for (pind = 0; pind < VM_NFREEPOOL; pind++)
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "-- -- ");
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "--\n");
for (oind = VM_NFREEORDER - 1; oind >= 0; oind--) {
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, " %2d (%6dK)", oind,
1 << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10 + oind));
for (pind = 0; pind < VM_NFREEPOOL; pind++) {
fl = vm_phys_free_queues[dom][flind][pind];
Tidy up the output of "sysctl vm.phys_free". Approved by: re (glebius) Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2013-10-10 16:11:45 +00:00
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, " | %6d",
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
fl[oind].lcnt);
}
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "\n");
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
}
}
Re-add r212370 now that the LOR in powerpc64 has been resolved: Add a drain function for struct sysctl_req, and use it for a variety of handlers, some of which had to do awkward things to get a large enough SBUF_FIXEDLEN buffer. Note that some sysctl handlers were explicitly outputting a trailing NUL byte. This behaviour was preserved, though it should not be necessary. Reviewed by: phk (original patch)
2010-09-16 16:13:12 +00:00
error = sbuf_finish(&sbuf);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
sbuf_delete(&sbuf);
return (error);
}
/*
* Outputs the set of physical memory segments.
*/
static int
sysctl_vm_phys_segs(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
struct sbuf sbuf;
struct vm_phys_seg *seg;
int error, segind;
Explicitly wire the user buffer rather than doing it implicitly in sbuf_new_for_sysctl(9). This allows using an sbuf with a SYSCTL_OUT drain for extremely large amounts of data where the caller knows that appropriate references are held, and sleeping is not an issue. Inspired by: rwatson
2011-01-27 00:34:12 +00:00
error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, 0);
if (error != 0)
return (error);
Re-add r212370 now that the LOR in powerpc64 has been resolved: Add a drain function for struct sysctl_req, and use it for a variety of handlers, some of which had to do awkward things to get a large enough SBUF_FIXEDLEN buffer. Note that some sysctl handlers were explicitly outputting a trailing NUL byte. This behaviour was preserved, though it should not be necessary. Reviewed by: phk (original patch)
2010-09-16 16:13:12 +00:00
sbuf_new_for_sysctl(&sbuf, NULL, 128, req);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
for (segind = 0; segind < vm_phys_nsegs; segind++) {
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "\nSEGMENT %d:\n\n", segind);
seg = &vm_phys_segs[segind];
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "start: %#jx\n",
(uintmax_t)seg->start);
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "end: %#jx\n",
(uintmax_t)seg->end);
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "domain: %d\n", seg->domain);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "free list: %p\n", seg->free_queues);
}
Re-add r212370 now that the LOR in powerpc64 has been resolved: Add a drain function for struct sysctl_req, and use it for a variety of handlers, some of which had to do awkward things to get a large enough SBUF_FIXEDLEN buffer. Note that some sysctl handlers were explicitly outputting a trailing NUL byte. This behaviour was preserved, though it should not be necessary. Reviewed by: phk (original patch)
2010-09-16 16:13:12 +00:00
error = sbuf_finish(&sbuf);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
sbuf_delete(&sbuf);
return (error);
}
Add initial memory locality cost awareness to the VM, and include a basic ACPI SLIT table parser. For now this just exports the map via sysctl; it'll eventually be useful to userland when there's more useful NUMA support in -HEAD. * Add an optional mem_locality map; * add a mapping function taking from/to domain and returning the relative cost, or -1 if it's not available; * Add a very basic SLIT parser to x86 ACPI. Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2460 Reviewed by: rpaulo, stas, jhb Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc (hardware, coding); Dell (hardware)
2015-05-08 00:56:56 +00:00
/*
* Return affinity, or -1 if there's no affinity information.
*/
Add an initial NUMA affinity/policy configuration for threads and processes. This is based on work done by jeff@ and jhb@, as well as the numa.diff patch that has been circulating when someone asks for first-touch NUMA on -10 or -11. * Introduce a simple set of VM policy and iterator types. * tie the policy types into the vm_phys path for now, mirroring how the initial first-touch allocation work was enabled. * add syscalls to control changing thread and process defaults. * add a global NUMA VM domain policy. * implement a simple cascade policy order - if a thread policy exists, use it; if a process policy exists, use it; use the default policy. * processes inherit policies from their parent processes, threads inherit policies from their parent threads. * add a simple tool (numactl) to query and modify default thread/process policities. * add documentation for the new syscalls, for numa and for numactl. * re-enable first touch NUMA again by default, as now policies can be set in a variety of methods. This is only relevant for very specific workloads. This doesn't pretend to be a final NUMA solution. The previous defaults in -HEAD (with MAXMEMDOM set) can be achieved by 'sysctl vm.default_policy=rr'. This is only relevant if MAXMEMDOM is set to something other than 1. Ie, if you're using GENERIC or a modified kernel with non-NUMA, then this is a glorified no-op for you. Thank you to Norse Corp for giving me access to rather large (for FreeBSD!) NUMA machines in order to develop and verify this. Thank you to Dell for providing me with dual socket sandybridge and westmere v3 hardware to do NUMA development with. Thank you to Scott Long at Netflix for providing me with access to the two-socket, four-domain haswell v3 hardware. Thank you to Peter Holm for running the stress testing suite against the NUMA branch during various stages of development! Tested: * MIPS (regression testing; non-NUMA) * i386 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * amd64 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * westmere, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * sandy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou dell!) * ivy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * westmere-EX, 4 socket / 1TB RAM (thankyou norse!) * haswell, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * haswell v3, 2 socket (thankyou dell) * haswell v3, 2x18 core (thankyou scott long / netflix!) * Peter Holm ran a stress test suite on this work and found one issue, but has not been able to verify it (it doesn't look NUMA related, and he only saw it once over many testing runs.) * I've tested bhyve instances running in fixed NUMA domains and cpusets; all seems to work correctly. Verified: * intel-pcm - pcm-numa.x and pcm-memory.x, whilst selecting different NUMA policies for processes under test. Review: This was reviewed through phabricator (https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2559) as well as privately and via emails to freebsd-arch@. The git history with specific attributes is available at https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/ in the NUMA branch (https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/compare/local/adrian_numa_policy). This has been reviewed by a number of people (stas, rpaulo, kib, ngie, wblock) but not achieved a clear consensus. My hope is that with further exposure and testing more functionality can be implemented and evaluated. Notes: * The VM doesn't handle unbalanced domains very well, and if you have an overly unbalanced memory setup whilst under high memory pressure, VM page allocation may fail leading to a kernel panic. This was a problem in the past, but it's much more easily triggered now with these tools. * This work only controls the path through vm_phys; it doesn't yet strongly/predictably affect contigmalloc, KVA placement, UMA, etc. So, driver placement of memory isn't really guaranteed in any way. That's next on my plate. Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc.; Dell
2015-07-11 15:21:37 +00:00
int
Add initial memory locality cost awareness to the VM, and include a basic ACPI SLIT table parser. For now this just exports the map via sysctl; it'll eventually be useful to userland when there's more useful NUMA support in -HEAD. * Add an optional mem_locality map; * add a mapping function taking from/to domain and returning the relative cost, or -1 if it's not available; * Add a very basic SLIT parser to x86 ACPI. Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2460 Reviewed by: rpaulo, stas, jhb Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc (hardware, coding); Dell (hardware)
2015-05-08 00:56:56 +00:00
vm_phys_mem_affinity(int f, int t)
{
Move VM_NUMA_ALLOC and DEVICE_NUMA under the single global config option NUMA. Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Discussed with: jhb
2018-01-14 03:36:03 +00:00
#ifdef NUMA
Add initial memory locality cost awareness to the VM, and include a basic ACPI SLIT table parser. For now this just exports the map via sysctl; it'll eventually be useful to userland when there's more useful NUMA support in -HEAD. * Add an optional mem_locality map; * add a mapping function taking from/to domain and returning the relative cost, or -1 if it's not available; * Add a very basic SLIT parser to x86 ACPI. Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2460 Reviewed by: rpaulo, stas, jhb Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc (hardware, coding); Dell (hardware)
2015-05-08 00:56:56 +00:00
if (mem_locality == NULL)
return (-1);
if (f >= vm_ndomains || t >= vm_ndomains)
return (-1);
return (mem_locality[f * vm_ndomains + t]);
Add an initial NUMA affinity/policy configuration for threads and processes. This is based on work done by jeff@ and jhb@, as well as the numa.diff patch that has been circulating when someone asks for first-touch NUMA on -10 or -11. * Introduce a simple set of VM policy and iterator types. * tie the policy types into the vm_phys path for now, mirroring how the initial first-touch allocation work was enabled. * add syscalls to control changing thread and process defaults. * add a global NUMA VM domain policy. * implement a simple cascade policy order - if a thread policy exists, use it; if a process policy exists, use it; use the default policy. * processes inherit policies from their parent processes, threads inherit policies from their parent threads. * add a simple tool (numactl) to query and modify default thread/process policities. * add documentation for the new syscalls, for numa and for numactl. * re-enable first touch NUMA again by default, as now policies can be set in a variety of methods. This is only relevant for very specific workloads. This doesn't pretend to be a final NUMA solution. The previous defaults in -HEAD (with MAXMEMDOM set) can be achieved by 'sysctl vm.default_policy=rr'. This is only relevant if MAXMEMDOM is set to something other than 1. Ie, if you're using GENERIC or a modified kernel with non-NUMA, then this is a glorified no-op for you. Thank you to Norse Corp for giving me access to rather large (for FreeBSD!) NUMA machines in order to develop and verify this. Thank you to Dell for providing me with dual socket sandybridge and westmere v3 hardware to do NUMA development with. Thank you to Scott Long at Netflix for providing me with access to the two-socket, four-domain haswell v3 hardware. Thank you to Peter Holm for running the stress testing suite against the NUMA branch during various stages of development! Tested: * MIPS (regression testing; non-NUMA) * i386 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * amd64 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * westmere, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * sandy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou dell!) * ivy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * westmere-EX, 4 socket / 1TB RAM (thankyou norse!) * haswell, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * haswell v3, 2 socket (thankyou dell) * haswell v3, 2x18 core (thankyou scott long / netflix!) * Peter Holm ran a stress test suite on this work and found one issue, but has not been able to verify it (it doesn't look NUMA related, and he only saw it once over many testing runs.) * I've tested bhyve instances running in fixed NUMA domains and cpusets; all seems to work correctly. Verified: * intel-pcm - pcm-numa.x and pcm-memory.x, whilst selecting different NUMA policies for processes under test. Review: This was reviewed through phabricator (https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2559) as well as privately and via emails to freebsd-arch@. The git history with specific attributes is available at https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/ in the NUMA branch (https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/compare/local/adrian_numa_policy). This has been reviewed by a number of people (stas, rpaulo, kib, ngie, wblock) but not achieved a clear consensus. My hope is that with further exposure and testing more functionality can be implemented and evaluated. Notes: * The VM doesn't handle unbalanced domains very well, and if you have an overly unbalanced memory setup whilst under high memory pressure, VM page allocation may fail leading to a kernel panic. This was a problem in the past, but it's much more easily triggered now with these tools. * This work only controls the path through vm_phys; it doesn't yet strongly/predictably affect contigmalloc, KVA placement, UMA, etc. So, driver placement of memory isn't really guaranteed in any way. That's next on my plate. Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc.; Dell
2015-07-11 15:21:37 +00:00
#else
return (-1);
#endif
Add initial memory locality cost awareness to the VM, and include a basic ACPI SLIT table parser. For now this just exports the map via sysctl; it'll eventually be useful to userland when there's more useful NUMA support in -HEAD. * Add an optional mem_locality map; * add a mapping function taking from/to domain and returning the relative cost, or -1 if it's not available; * Add a very basic SLIT parser to x86 ACPI. Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2460 Reviewed by: rpaulo, stas, jhb Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc (hardware, coding); Dell (hardware)
2015-05-08 00:56:56 +00:00
}
Move VM_NUMA_ALLOC and DEVICE_NUMA under the single global config option NUMA. Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Discussed with: jhb
2018-01-14 03:36:03 +00:00
#ifdef NUMA
Add initial memory locality cost awareness to the VM, and include a basic ACPI SLIT table parser. For now this just exports the map via sysctl; it'll eventually be useful to userland when there's more useful NUMA support in -HEAD. * Add an optional mem_locality map; * add a mapping function taking from/to domain and returning the relative cost, or -1 if it's not available; * Add a very basic SLIT parser to x86 ACPI. Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2460 Reviewed by: rpaulo, stas, jhb Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc (hardware, coding); Dell (hardware)
2015-05-08 00:56:56 +00:00
/*
* Outputs the VM locality table.
*/
static int
sysctl_vm_phys_locality(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
struct sbuf sbuf;
int error, i, j;
error = sysctl_wire_old_buffer(req, 0);
if (error != 0)
return (error);
sbuf_new_for_sysctl(&sbuf, NULL, 128, req);
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "\n");
for (i = 0; i < vm_ndomains; i++) {
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "%d: ", i);
for (j = 0; j < vm_ndomains; j++) {
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "%d ", vm_phys_mem_affinity(i, j));
}
sbuf_printf(&sbuf, "\n");
}
error = sbuf_finish(&sbuf);
sbuf_delete(&sbuf);
return (error);
}
Add an initial NUMA affinity/policy configuration for threads and processes. This is based on work done by jeff@ and jhb@, as well as the numa.diff patch that has been circulating when someone asks for first-touch NUMA on -10 or -11. * Introduce a simple set of VM policy and iterator types. * tie the policy types into the vm_phys path for now, mirroring how the initial first-touch allocation work was enabled. * add syscalls to control changing thread and process defaults. * add a global NUMA VM domain policy. * implement a simple cascade policy order - if a thread policy exists, use it; if a process policy exists, use it; use the default policy. * processes inherit policies from their parent processes, threads inherit policies from their parent threads. * add a simple tool (numactl) to query and modify default thread/process policities. * add documentation for the new syscalls, for numa and for numactl. * re-enable first touch NUMA again by default, as now policies can be set in a variety of methods. This is only relevant for very specific workloads. This doesn't pretend to be a final NUMA solution. The previous defaults in -HEAD (with MAXMEMDOM set) can be achieved by 'sysctl vm.default_policy=rr'. This is only relevant if MAXMEMDOM is set to something other than 1. Ie, if you're using GENERIC or a modified kernel with non-NUMA, then this is a glorified no-op for you. Thank you to Norse Corp for giving me access to rather large (for FreeBSD!) NUMA machines in order to develop and verify this. Thank you to Dell for providing me with dual socket sandybridge and westmere v3 hardware to do NUMA development with. Thank you to Scott Long at Netflix for providing me with access to the two-socket, four-domain haswell v3 hardware. Thank you to Peter Holm for running the stress testing suite against the NUMA branch during various stages of development! Tested: * MIPS (regression testing; non-NUMA) * i386 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * amd64 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * westmere, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * sandy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou dell!) * ivy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * westmere-EX, 4 socket / 1TB RAM (thankyou norse!) * haswell, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * haswell v3, 2 socket (thankyou dell) * haswell v3, 2x18 core (thankyou scott long / netflix!) * Peter Holm ran a stress test suite on this work and found one issue, but has not been able to verify it (it doesn't look NUMA related, and he only saw it once over many testing runs.) * I've tested bhyve instances running in fixed NUMA domains and cpusets; all seems to work correctly. Verified: * intel-pcm - pcm-numa.x and pcm-memory.x, whilst selecting different NUMA policies for processes under test. Review: This was reviewed through phabricator (https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2559) as well as privately and via emails to freebsd-arch@. The git history with specific attributes is available at https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/ in the NUMA branch (https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/compare/local/adrian_numa_policy). This has been reviewed by a number of people (stas, rpaulo, kib, ngie, wblock) but not achieved a clear consensus. My hope is that with further exposure and testing more functionality can be implemented and evaluated. Notes: * The VM doesn't handle unbalanced domains very well, and if you have an overly unbalanced memory setup whilst under high memory pressure, VM page allocation may fail leading to a kernel panic. This was a problem in the past, but it's much more easily triggered now with these tools. * This work only controls the path through vm_phys; it doesn't yet strongly/predictably affect contigmalloc, KVA placement, UMA, etc. So, driver placement of memory isn't really guaranteed in any way. That's next on my plate. Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc.; Dell
2015-07-11 15:21:37 +00:00
#endif
Add initial memory locality cost awareness to the VM, and include a basic ACPI SLIT table parser. For now this just exports the map via sysctl; it'll eventually be useful to userland when there's more useful NUMA support in -HEAD. * Add an optional mem_locality map; * add a mapping function taking from/to domain and returning the relative cost, or -1 if it's not available; * Add a very basic SLIT parser to x86 ACPI. Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2460 Reviewed by: rpaulo, stas, jhb Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc (hardware, coding); Dell (hardware)
2015-05-08 00:56:56 +00:00
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
static void
vm_freelist_add(struct vm_freelist *fl, vm_page_t m, int order, int tail)
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
{
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
m->order = order;
if (tail)
Improve VM page queue scalability. Currently both the page lock and a page queue lock must be held in order to enqueue, dequeue or requeue a page in a given page queue. The queue locks are a scalability bottleneck in many workloads. This change reduces page queue lock contention by batching queue operations. To detangle the page and page queue locks, per-CPU batch queues are used to reference pages with pending queue operations. The requested operation is encoded in the page's aflags field with the page lock held, after which the page is enqueued for a deferred batch operation. Page queue scans are similarly optimized to minimize the amount of work performed with a page queue lock held. Reviewed by: kib, jeff (previous versions) Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14893
2018-04-24 21:15:54 +00:00
TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&fl[order].pl, m, listq);
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
else
Improve VM page queue scalability. Currently both the page lock and a page queue lock must be held in order to enqueue, dequeue or requeue a page in a given page queue. The queue locks are a scalability bottleneck in many workloads. This change reduces page queue lock contention by batching queue operations. To detangle the page and page queue locks, per-CPU batch queues are used to reference pages with pending queue operations. The requested operation is encoded in the page's aflags field with the page lock held, after which the page is enqueued for a deferred batch operation. Page queue scans are similarly optimized to minimize the amount of work performed with a page queue lock held. Reviewed by: kib, jeff (previous versions) Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14893
2018-04-24 21:15:54 +00:00
TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&fl[order].pl, m, listq);
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
fl[order].lcnt++;
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
}
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
static void
vm_freelist_rem(struct vm_freelist *fl, vm_page_t m, int order)
{
Improve VM page queue scalability. Currently both the page lock and a page queue lock must be held in order to enqueue, dequeue or requeue a page in a given page queue. The queue locks are a scalability bottleneck in many workloads. This change reduces page queue lock contention by batching queue operations. To detangle the page and page queue locks, per-CPU batch queues are used to reference pages with pending queue operations. The requested operation is encoded in the page's aflags field with the page lock held, after which the page is enqueued for a deferred batch operation. Page queue scans are similarly optimized to minimize the amount of work performed with a page queue lock held. Reviewed by: kib, jeff (previous versions) Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14893
2018-04-24 21:15:54 +00:00
TAILQ_REMOVE(&fl[order].pl, m, listq);
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
fl[order].lcnt--;
m->order = VM_NFREEORDER;
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
/*
* Create a physical memory segment.
*/
static void
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
_vm_phys_create_seg(vm_paddr_t start, vm_paddr_t end, int domain)
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
{
struct vm_phys_seg *seg;
KASSERT(vm_phys_nsegs < VM_PHYSSEG_MAX,
("vm_phys_create_seg: increase VM_PHYSSEG_MAX"));
Move domain iterators into the page layer where domain selection should take place. This makes the majority of the phys layer explicitly domain specific. Reviewed by: markj, kib (some objections) Discussed with: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix & Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13014
2017-11-28 23:18:35 +00:00
KASSERT(domain >= 0 && domain < vm_ndomains,
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
("vm_phys_create_seg: invalid domain provided"));
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
seg = &vm_phys_segs[vm_phys_nsegs++];
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
while (seg > vm_phys_segs && (seg - 1)->start >= end) {
*seg = *(seg - 1);
seg--;
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
seg->start = start;
seg->end = end;
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
seg->domain = domain;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
static void
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
vm_phys_create_seg(vm_paddr_t start, vm_paddr_t end)
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
{
Move VM_NUMA_ALLOC and DEVICE_NUMA under the single global config option NUMA. Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Discussed with: jhb
2018-01-14 03:36:03 +00:00
#ifdef NUMA
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
int i;
if (mem_affinity == NULL) {
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
_vm_phys_create_seg(start, end, 0);
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
return;
}
for (i = 0;; i++) {
if (mem_affinity[i].end == 0)
panic("Reached end of affinity info");
if (mem_affinity[i].end <= start)
continue;
if (mem_affinity[i].start > start)
panic("No affinity info for start %jx",
(uintmax_t)start);
if (mem_affinity[i].end >= end) {
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
_vm_phys_create_seg(start, end,
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
mem_affinity[i].domain);
break;
}
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
_vm_phys_create_seg(start, mem_affinity[i].end,
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
mem_affinity[i].domain);
start = mem_affinity[i].end;
}
Add more fine-grained kernel options for NUMA support. VM_NUMA_ALLOC is used to enable use of domain-aware memory allocation in the virtual memory system. DEVICE_NUMA is used to enable affinity reporting for devices such as bus_get_domain(). MAXMEMDOM must still be set to a value greater than for any NUMA support to be effective. Note that 'cpuset -gd' always works if MAXMEMDOM is enabled and the system supports NUMA. Reviewed by: kib Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D5782
2016-04-09 13:58:04 +00:00
#else
_vm_phys_create_seg(start, end, 0);
#endif
Very rough first cut at NUMA support for the physical page allocator. For now it uses a very dumb first-touch allocation policy. This will change in the future. - Each architecture indicates the maximum number of supported memory domains via a new VM_NDOMAIN parameter in <machine/vmparam.h>. - Each cpu now has a PCPU_GET(domain) member to indicate the memory domain a CPU belongs to. Domain values are dense and numbered from 0. - When a platform supports multiple domains, the default freelist (VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT) is split up into N freelists, one for each domain. The MD code is required to populate an array of mem_affinity structures. Each entry in the array defines a range of memory (start and end) and a domain for the range. Multiple entries may be present for a single domain. The list is terminated by an entry where all fields are zero. This array of structures is used to split up phys_avail[] regions that fall in VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT into per-domain freelists. - Each memory domain has a separate lookup-array of freelists that is used when fulfulling a physical memory allocation. Right now the per-domain freelists are listed in a round-robin order for each domain. In the future a table such as the ACPI SLIT table may be used to order the per-domain lookup lists based on the penalty for each memory domain relative to a specific domain. The lookup lists may be examined via a new vm.phys.lookup_lists sysctl. - The first-touch policy is implemented by using PCPU_GET(domain) to pick a lookup list when allocating memory. Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-27 20:33:50 +00:00
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
/*
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
* Add a physical memory segment.
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
*/
void
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
vm_phys_add_seg(vm_paddr_t start, vm_paddr_t end)
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
{
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
vm_paddr_t paddr;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
KASSERT((start & PAGE_MASK) == 0,
("vm_phys_define_seg: start is not page aligned"));
KASSERT((end & PAGE_MASK) == 0,
("vm_phys_define_seg: end is not page aligned"));
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
/*
* Split the physical memory segment if it spans two or more free
* list boundaries.
*/
paddr = start;
#ifdef VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM
if (paddr < VM_LOWMEM_BOUNDARY && end > VM_LOWMEM_BOUNDARY) {
vm_phys_create_seg(paddr, VM_LOWMEM_BOUNDARY);
paddr = VM_LOWMEM_BOUNDARY;
}
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
#endif
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
#ifdef VM_FREELIST_DMA32
if (paddr < VM_DMA32_BOUNDARY && end > VM_DMA32_BOUNDARY) {
vm_phys_create_seg(paddr, VM_DMA32_BOUNDARY);
paddr = VM_DMA32_BOUNDARY;
}
#endif
vm_phys_create_seg(paddr, end);
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
}
/*
* Initialize the physical memory allocator.
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
*
* Requires that vm_page_array is initialized!
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
*/
void
vm_phys_init(void)
{
struct vm_freelist *fl;
Recent changes have created, for the first time, physical memory segments that can be coalesced. To be clear, fragmentation of phys_avail[] is not the cause. This fragmentation of vm_phys_segs[] arises from the "special" calls to vm_phys_add_seg(), in other words, not those that derive directly from phys_avail[], but those that we create for the initial kernel page table pages and now for the kernel and modules loaded at boot time. Since we sometimes iterate over the physical memory segments, coalescing these segments at initialization time is a worthwhile change. Reviewed by: kib, markj Approved by: re (rgrimes) MFC after: 1 week Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16976
2018-09-02 18:29:38 +00:00
struct vm_phys_seg *end_seg, *prev_seg, *seg, *tmp_seg;
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
u_long npages;
int dom, flind, freelist, oind, pind, segind;
/*
* Compute the number of free lists, and generate the mapping from the
* manifest constants VM_FREELIST_* to the free list indices.
*
* Initially, the entries of vm_freelist_to_flind[] are set to either
* 0 or 1 to indicate which free lists should be created.
*/
npages = 0;
for (segind = vm_phys_nsegs - 1; segind >= 0; segind--) {
seg = &vm_phys_segs[segind];
#ifdef VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM
if (seg->end <= VM_LOWMEM_BOUNDARY)
vm_freelist_to_flind[VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM] = 1;
else
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
#endif
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
#ifdef VM_FREELIST_DMA32
if (
#ifdef VM_DMA32_NPAGES_THRESHOLD
/*
* Create the DMA32 free list only if the amount of
* physical memory above physical address 4G exceeds the
* given threshold.
*/
npages > VM_DMA32_NPAGES_THRESHOLD &&
#endif
seg->end <= VM_DMA32_BOUNDARY)
vm_freelist_to_flind[VM_FREELIST_DMA32] = 1;
else
#endif
{
npages += atop(seg->end - seg->start);
vm_freelist_to_flind[VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT] = 1;
}
}
/* Change each entry into a running total of the free lists. */
for (freelist = 1; freelist < VM_NFREELIST; freelist++) {
vm_freelist_to_flind[freelist] +=
vm_freelist_to_flind[freelist - 1];
}
vm_nfreelists = vm_freelist_to_flind[VM_NFREELIST - 1];
KASSERT(vm_nfreelists > 0, ("vm_phys_init: no free lists"));
/* Change each entry into a free list index. */
for (freelist = 0; freelist < VM_NFREELIST; freelist++)
vm_freelist_to_flind[freelist]--;
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
/*
* Initialize the first_page and free_queues fields of each physical
* memory segment.
*/
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
#ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
npages = 0;
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
#endif
for (segind = 0; segind < vm_phys_nsegs; segind++) {
seg = &vm_phys_segs[segind];
#ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
seg->first_page = &vm_page_array[npages];
npages += atop(seg->end - seg->start);
Enable the use of VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE on amd64 and i386, making it the default on i386 PAE. Previously, VM_PHYSSEG_SPARSE could not be used on amd64 and i386 because vm_page_startup() would not create vm_page structures for the kernel page table pages allocated during pmap_bootstrap() but those vm_page structures are needed when the kernel attempts to promote the corresponding kernel virtual addresses to superpage mappings. To address this problem, a new public function, vm_phys_add_seg(), is introduced and vm_phys_init() is updated to reflect the creation of vm_phys_seg structures by calls to vm_phys_add_seg(). Discussed with: Svatopluk Kraus MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-11-15 23:40:44 +00:00
#else
seg->first_page = PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE(seg->start);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
#endif
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
#ifdef VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM
if (seg->end <= VM_LOWMEM_BOUNDARY) {
flind = vm_freelist_to_flind[VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM];
KASSERT(flind >= 0,
("vm_phys_init: LOWMEM flind < 0"));
} else
#endif
#ifdef VM_FREELIST_DMA32
if (seg->end <= VM_DMA32_BOUNDARY) {
flind = vm_freelist_to_flind[VM_FREELIST_DMA32];
KASSERT(flind >= 0,
("vm_phys_init: DMA32 flind < 0"));
} else
#endif
{
flind = vm_freelist_to_flind[VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT];
KASSERT(flind >= 0,
("vm_phys_init: DEFAULT flind < 0"));
}
seg->free_queues = &vm_phys_free_queues[seg->domain][flind];
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
Recent changes have created, for the first time, physical memory segments that can be coalesced. To be clear, fragmentation of phys_avail[] is not the cause. This fragmentation of vm_phys_segs[] arises from the "special" calls to vm_phys_add_seg(), in other words, not those that derive directly from phys_avail[], but those that we create for the initial kernel page table pages and now for the kernel and modules loaded at boot time. Since we sometimes iterate over the physical memory segments, coalescing these segments at initialization time is a worthwhile change. Reviewed by: kib, markj Approved by: re (rgrimes) MFC after: 1 week Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D16976
2018-09-02 18:29:38 +00:00
/*
* Coalesce physical memory segments that are contiguous and share the
* same per-domain free queues.
*/
prev_seg = vm_phys_segs;
seg = &vm_phys_segs[1];
end_seg = &vm_phys_segs[vm_phys_nsegs];
while (seg < end_seg) {
if (prev_seg->end == seg->start &&
prev_seg->free_queues == seg->free_queues) {
prev_seg->end = seg->end;
KASSERT(prev_seg->domain == seg->domain,
("vm_phys_init: free queues cannot span domains"));
vm_phys_nsegs--;
end_seg--;
for (tmp_seg = seg; tmp_seg < end_seg; tmp_seg++)
*tmp_seg = *(tmp_seg + 1);
} else {
prev_seg = seg;
seg++;
}
}
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
/*
* Initialize the free queues.
*/
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
for (dom = 0; dom < vm_ndomains; dom++) {
for (flind = 0; flind < vm_nfreelists; flind++) {
for (pind = 0; pind < VM_NFREEPOOL; pind++) {
fl = vm_phys_free_queues[dom][flind][pind];
for (oind = 0; oind < VM_NFREEORDER; oind++)
TAILQ_INIT(&fl[oind].pl);
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
}
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
rw_init(&vm_phys_fictitious_reg_lock, "vmfctr");
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
Create some global domainsets and refactor NUMA registration. Pre-defined policies are useful when integrating the domainset(9) policy machinery into various kernel memory allocators. The refactoring will make it easier to add NUMA support for other architectures. No functional change intended. Reviewed by: alc, gallatin, jeff, kib Tested by: pho (part of a larger patch) MFC after: 3 days Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17416
2018-10-20 17:36:00 +00:00
/*
* Register info about the NUMA topology of the system.
*
* Invoked by platform-dependent code prior to vm_phys_init().
*/
void
vm_phys_register_domains(int ndomains, struct mem_affinity *affinity,
int *locality)
{
#ifdef NUMA
Make it possible to disable NUMA support with a tunable. This provides a chicken switch for anyone negatively impacted by enabling NUMA in the amd64 GENERIC kernel configuration. With NUMA disabled at boot-time, information about the NUMA topology is not exposed to the rest of the kernel, and all of physical memory is viewed as coming from a single domain. This method still has some performance overhead relative to disabling NUMA support at compile time. PR: 231460 Reviewed by: alc, gallatin, kib MFC after: 1 week Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17439
2018-10-22 20:13:51 +00:00
int d, i;
Create some global domainsets and refactor NUMA registration. Pre-defined policies are useful when integrating the domainset(9) policy machinery into various kernel memory allocators. The refactoring will make it easier to add NUMA support for other architectures. No functional change intended. Reviewed by: alc, gallatin, jeff, kib Tested by: pho (part of a larger patch) MFC after: 3 days Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17416
2018-10-20 17:36:00 +00:00
Make it possible to disable NUMA support with a tunable. This provides a chicken switch for anyone negatively impacted by enabling NUMA in the amd64 GENERIC kernel configuration. With NUMA disabled at boot-time, information about the NUMA topology is not exposed to the rest of the kernel, and all of physical memory is viewed as coming from a single domain. This method still has some performance overhead relative to disabling NUMA support at compile time. PR: 231460 Reviewed by: alc, gallatin, kib MFC after: 1 week Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17439
2018-10-22 20:13:51 +00:00
/*
* For now the only override value that we support is 1, which
* effectively disables NUMA-awareness in the allocators.
*/
d = 0;
TUNABLE_INT_FETCH("vm.numa.disabled", &d);
if (d)
ndomains = 1;
if (ndomains > 1) {
vm_ndomains = ndomains;
mem_affinity = affinity;
mem_locality = locality;
}
Create some global domainsets and refactor NUMA registration. Pre-defined policies are useful when integrating the domainset(9) policy machinery into various kernel memory allocators. The refactoring will make it easier to add NUMA support for other architectures. No functional change intended. Reviewed by: alc, gallatin, jeff, kib Tested by: pho (part of a larger patch) MFC after: 3 days Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D17416
2018-10-20 17:36:00 +00:00
for (i = 0; i < vm_ndomains; i++)
DOMAINSET_SET(i, &all_domains);
#else
(void)ndomains;
(void)affinity;
(void)locality;
#endif
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
/*
* Split a contiguous, power of two-sized set of physical pages.
Allow callers to vm_phys_split_pages() to specify whether insertion should occur at the head or the tail of the page queues.
2018-07-05 02:08:57 +00:00
*
* When this function is called by a page allocation function, the caller
* should request insertion at the head unless the order [order, oind) queues
* are known to be empty. The objective being to reduce the likelihood of
* long-term fragmentation by promoting contemporaneous allocation and
* (hopefully) deallocation.
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
*/
static __inline void
Allow callers to vm_phys_split_pages() to specify whether insertion should occur at the head or the tail of the page queues.
2018-07-05 02:08:57 +00:00
vm_phys_split_pages(vm_page_t m, int oind, struct vm_freelist *fl, int order,
int tail)
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
{
vm_page_t m_buddy;
while (oind > order) {
oind--;
m_buddy = &m[1 << oind];
KASSERT(m_buddy->order == VM_NFREEORDER,
("vm_phys_split_pages: page %p has unexpected order %d",
m_buddy, m_buddy->order));
Allow callers to vm_phys_split_pages() to specify whether insertion should occur at the head or the tail of the page queues.
2018-07-05 02:08:57 +00:00
vm_freelist_add(fl, m_buddy, oind, tail);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
}
Introduce vm_phys_enq_range(), and call it in vm_phys_alloc_npages() and vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig() instead of vm_phys_free_contig(). In short, vm_phys_enq_range() is simpler and faster than the more general vm_phys_free_contig(), and in the case of vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(), vm_phys_free_contig() was placing the excess physical pages at the wrong end of the queues. In collaboration with: Doug Moore <dougm@rice.edu>
2018-07-02 17:18:46 +00:00
/*
* Add the physical pages [m, m + npages) at the end of a power-of-two aligned
* and sized set to the specified free list.
*
* When this function is called by a page allocation function, the caller
* should request insertion at the head unless the lower-order queues are
* known to be empty. The objective being to reduce the likelihood of long-
* term fragmentation by promoting contemporaneous allocation and (hopefully)
* deallocation.
*
* The physical page m's buddy must not be free.
*/
static void
vm_phys_enq_range(vm_page_t m, u_int npages, struct vm_freelist *fl, int tail)
{
u_int n;
int order;
KASSERT(npages > 0, ("vm_phys_enq_range: npages is 0"));
KASSERT(((VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) + npages * PAGE_SIZE) &
((PAGE_SIZE << (fls(npages) - 1)) - 1)) == 0,
("vm_phys_enq_range: page %p and npages %u are misaligned",
m, npages));
do {
KASSERT(m->order == VM_NFREEORDER,
("vm_phys_enq_range: page %p has unexpected order %d",
m, m->order));
order = ffs(npages) - 1;
KASSERT(order < VM_NFREEORDER,
("vm_phys_enq_range: order %d is out of range", order));
vm_freelist_add(fl, m, order, tail);
n = 1 << order;
m += n;
npages -= n;
} while (npages > 0);
}
Update the physical page selection strategy used by vm_page_import() so that it does not cause rapid fragmentation of the free physical memory. Reviewed by: jeff, markj (an earlier version) Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15976
2018-06-26 18:29:56 +00:00
/*
* Tries to allocate the specified number of pages from the specified pool
* within the specified domain. Returns the actual number of allocated pages
* and a pointer to each page through the array ma[].
*
Reflow one of the comments describing vm_phys_alloc_npages().
2018-06-28 17:52:06 +00:00
* The returned pages may not be physically contiguous. However, in contrast
* to performing multiple, back-to-back calls to vm_phys_alloc_pages(..., 0),
* calling this function once to allocate the desired number of pages will
* avoid wasted time in vm_phys_split_pages().
Update the physical page selection strategy used by vm_page_import() so that it does not cause rapid fragmentation of the free physical memory. Reviewed by: jeff, markj (an earlier version) Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15976
2018-06-26 18:29:56 +00:00
*
* The free page queues for the specified domain must be locked.
*/
int
vm_phys_alloc_npages(int domain, int pool, int npages, vm_page_t ma[])
{
struct vm_freelist *alt, *fl;
vm_page_t m;
int avail, end, flind, freelist, i, need, oind, pind;
KASSERT(domain >= 0 && domain < vm_ndomains,
("vm_phys_alloc_npages: domain %d is out of range", domain));
KASSERT(pool < VM_NFREEPOOL,
("vm_phys_alloc_npages: pool %d is out of range", pool));
KASSERT(npages <= 1 << (VM_NFREEORDER - 1),
("vm_phys_alloc_npages: npages %d is out of range", npages));
vm_domain_free_assert_locked(VM_DOMAIN(domain));
i = 0;
for (freelist = 0; freelist < VM_NFREELIST; freelist++) {
flind = vm_freelist_to_flind[freelist];
if (flind < 0)
continue;
fl = vm_phys_free_queues[domain][flind][pool];
for (oind = 0; oind < VM_NFREEORDER; oind++) {
while ((m = TAILQ_FIRST(&fl[oind].pl)) != NULL) {
vm_freelist_rem(fl, m, oind);
avail = 1 << oind;
need = imin(npages - i, avail);
for (end = i + need; i < end;)
ma[i++] = m++;
if (need < avail) {
Introduce vm_phys_enq_range(), and call it in vm_phys_alloc_npages() and vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig() instead of vm_phys_free_contig(). In short, vm_phys_enq_range() is simpler and faster than the more general vm_phys_free_contig(), and in the case of vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(), vm_phys_free_contig() was placing the excess physical pages at the wrong end of the queues. In collaboration with: Doug Moore <dougm@rice.edu>
2018-07-02 17:18:46 +00:00
/*
* Return excess pages to fl. Its
* order [0, oind) queues are empty.
*/
vm_phys_enq_range(m, avail - need, fl,
1);
Update the physical page selection strategy used by vm_page_import() so that it does not cause rapid fragmentation of the free physical memory. Reviewed by: jeff, markj (an earlier version) Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15976
2018-06-26 18:29:56 +00:00
return (npages);
} else if (i == npages)
return (npages);
}
}
for (oind = VM_NFREEORDER - 1; oind >= 0; oind--) {
for (pind = 0; pind < VM_NFREEPOOL; pind++) {
alt = vm_phys_free_queues[domain][flind][pind];
while ((m = TAILQ_FIRST(&alt[oind].pl)) !=
NULL) {
vm_freelist_rem(alt, m, oind);
vm_phys_set_pool(pool, m, oind);
avail = 1 << oind;
need = imin(npages - i, avail);
for (end = i + need; i < end;)
ma[i++] = m++;
if (need < avail) {
Introduce vm_phys_enq_range(), and call it in vm_phys_alloc_npages() and vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig() instead of vm_phys_free_contig(). In short, vm_phys_enq_range() is simpler and faster than the more general vm_phys_free_contig(), and in the case of vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(), vm_phys_free_contig() was placing the excess physical pages at the wrong end of the queues. In collaboration with: Doug Moore <dougm@rice.edu>
2018-07-02 17:18:46 +00:00
/*
* Return excess pages to fl.
* Its order [0, oind) queues
* are empty.
*/
vm_phys_enq_range(m, avail -
need, fl, 1);
Update the physical page selection strategy used by vm_page_import() so that it does not cause rapid fragmentation of the free physical memory. Reviewed by: jeff, markj (an earlier version) Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D15976
2018-06-26 18:29:56 +00:00
return (npages);
} else if (i == npages)
return (npages);
}
}
}
}
return (i);
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
/*
* Allocate a contiguous, power of two-sized set of physical pages
* from the free lists.
Eliminate two unused functions: vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages(). Rename vm_phys_alloc_pages_locked() to vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages_locked() to vm_phys_free_pages(). Add comments regarding the need for the free page queues lock to be held by callers to these functions. No functional changes. Approved by: re (hrs)
2007-07-14 21:21:17 +00:00
*
* The free page queues must be locked.
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
*/
vm_page_t
Move domain iterators into the page layer where domain selection should take place. This makes the majority of the phys layer explicitly domain specific. Reviewed by: markj, kib (some objections) Discussed with: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix & Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13014
2017-11-28 23:18:35 +00:00
vm_phys_alloc_pages(int domain, int pool, int order)
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
{
Redo the page table page allocation on MIPS, as suggested by alc@. The UMA zone based allocation is replaced by a scheme that creates a new free page list for the KSEG0 region, and a new function in sys/vm that allocates pages from a specific free page list. This also fixes a race condition introduced by the UMA based page table page allocation code. Dropping the page queue and pmap locks before the call to uma_zfree, and re-acquiring them afterwards will introduce a race condtion(noted by alc@). The changes are : - Revert the earlier changes in MIPS pmap.c that added UMA zone for page table pages. - Add a new freelist VM_FREELIST_HIGHMEM to MIPS vmparam.h for memory that is not directly mapped (in 32bit kernel). Normal page allocations will first try the HIGHMEM freelist and then the default(direct mapped) freelist. - Add a new function 'vm_page_t vm_page_alloc_freelist(int flind, int order, int req)' to vm/vm_page.c to allocate a page from a specified freelist. The MIPS page table pages will be allocated using this function from the freelist containing direct mapped pages. - Move the page initialization code from vm_phys_alloc_contig() to a new function vm_page_alloc_init(), and use this function to initialize pages in vm_page_alloc_freelist() too. - Split the function vm_phys_alloc_pages(int pool, int order) to create vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(int flind, int pool, int order), and use this function from both vm_page_alloc_freelist() and vm_phys_alloc_pages(). Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-21 09:27:00 +00:00
vm_page_t m;
[mips] [vm] restore translation of freelist to flind for page allocation Commit r326346 moved domain iterators from physical layer to vm_page one, but it also removed translation of freelist to flind for vm_page_alloc_freelist() call. Before it expects VM_FREELIST_ parameter, but after it expect freelist index. On small WiFi boxes with few megabytes of RAM, there is only one freelist VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM (1) and there is no VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT(0) (see file sys/mips/include/vmparam.h). It results in freelist 1 with flind 0. At first, this commit renames flind to freelist in vm_page_alloc_freelist to avoid misunderstanding about input parameters. Then on physical layer it restores translation for correct handling of freelist parameter. Reported by: landonf Reviewed by: jeff Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13351
2017-12-04 08:08:55 +00:00
int freelist;
Add an initial NUMA affinity/policy configuration for threads and processes. This is based on work done by jeff@ and jhb@, as well as the numa.diff patch that has been circulating when someone asks for first-touch NUMA on -10 or -11. * Introduce a simple set of VM policy and iterator types. * tie the policy types into the vm_phys path for now, mirroring how the initial first-touch allocation work was enabled. * add syscalls to control changing thread and process defaults. * add a global NUMA VM domain policy. * implement a simple cascade policy order - if a thread policy exists, use it; if a process policy exists, use it; use the default policy. * processes inherit policies from their parent processes, threads inherit policies from their parent threads. * add a simple tool (numactl) to query and modify default thread/process policities. * add documentation for the new syscalls, for numa and for numactl. * re-enable first touch NUMA again by default, as now policies can be set in a variety of methods. This is only relevant for very specific workloads. This doesn't pretend to be a final NUMA solution. The previous defaults in -HEAD (with MAXMEMDOM set) can be achieved by 'sysctl vm.default_policy=rr'. This is only relevant if MAXMEMDOM is set to something other than 1. Ie, if you're using GENERIC or a modified kernel with non-NUMA, then this is a glorified no-op for you. Thank you to Norse Corp for giving me access to rather large (for FreeBSD!) NUMA machines in order to develop and verify this. Thank you to Dell for providing me with dual socket sandybridge and westmere v3 hardware to do NUMA development with. Thank you to Scott Long at Netflix for providing me with access to the two-socket, four-domain haswell v3 hardware. Thank you to Peter Holm for running the stress testing suite against the NUMA branch during various stages of development! Tested: * MIPS (regression testing; non-NUMA) * i386 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * amd64 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * westmere, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * sandy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou dell!) * ivy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * westmere-EX, 4 socket / 1TB RAM (thankyou norse!) * haswell, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * haswell v3, 2 socket (thankyou dell) * haswell v3, 2x18 core (thankyou scott long / netflix!) * Peter Holm ran a stress test suite on this work and found one issue, but has not been able to verify it (it doesn't look NUMA related, and he only saw it once over many testing runs.) * I've tested bhyve instances running in fixed NUMA domains and cpusets; all seems to work correctly. Verified: * intel-pcm - pcm-numa.x and pcm-memory.x, whilst selecting different NUMA policies for processes under test. Review: This was reviewed through phabricator (https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2559) as well as privately and via emails to freebsd-arch@. The git history with specific attributes is available at https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/ in the NUMA branch (https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/compare/local/adrian_numa_policy). This has been reviewed by a number of people (stas, rpaulo, kib, ngie, wblock) but not achieved a clear consensus. My hope is that with further exposure and testing more functionality can be implemented and evaluated. Notes: * The VM doesn't handle unbalanced domains very well, and if you have an overly unbalanced memory setup whilst under high memory pressure, VM page allocation may fail leading to a kernel panic. This was a problem in the past, but it's much more easily triggered now with these tools. * This work only controls the path through vm_phys; it doesn't yet strongly/predictably affect contigmalloc, KVA placement, UMA, etc. So, driver placement of memory isn't really guaranteed in any way. That's next on my plate. Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc.; Dell
2015-07-11 15:21:37 +00:00
[mips] [vm] restore translation of freelist to flind for page allocation Commit r326346 moved domain iterators from physical layer to vm_page one, but it also removed translation of freelist to flind for vm_page_alloc_freelist() call. Before it expects VM_FREELIST_ parameter, but after it expect freelist index. On small WiFi boxes with few megabytes of RAM, there is only one freelist VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM (1) and there is no VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT(0) (see file sys/mips/include/vmparam.h). It results in freelist 1 with flind 0. At first, this commit renames flind to freelist in vm_page_alloc_freelist to avoid misunderstanding about input parameters. Then on physical layer it restores translation for correct handling of freelist parameter. Reported by: landonf Reviewed by: jeff Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13351
2017-12-04 08:08:55 +00:00
for (freelist = 0; freelist < VM_NFREELIST; freelist++) {
m = vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(domain, freelist, pool, order);
Move domain iterators into the page layer where domain selection should take place. This makes the majority of the phys layer explicitly domain specific. Reviewed by: markj, kib (some objections) Discussed with: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix & Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13014
2017-11-28 23:18:35 +00:00
if (m != NULL)
return (m);
Redo the page table page allocation on MIPS, as suggested by alc@. The UMA zone based allocation is replaced by a scheme that creates a new free page list for the KSEG0 region, and a new function in sys/vm that allocates pages from a specific free page list. This also fixes a race condition introduced by the UMA based page table page allocation code. Dropping the page queue and pmap locks before the call to uma_zfree, and re-acquiring them afterwards will introduce a race condtion(noted by alc@). The changes are : - Revert the earlier changes in MIPS pmap.c that added UMA zone for page table pages. - Add a new freelist VM_FREELIST_HIGHMEM to MIPS vmparam.h for memory that is not directly mapped (in 32bit kernel). Normal page allocations will first try the HIGHMEM freelist and then the default(direct mapped) freelist. - Add a new function 'vm_page_t vm_page_alloc_freelist(int flind, int order, int req)' to vm/vm_page.c to allocate a page from a specified freelist. The MIPS page table pages will be allocated using this function from the freelist containing direct mapped pages. - Move the page initialization code from vm_phys_alloc_contig() to a new function vm_page_alloc_init(), and use this function to initialize pages in vm_page_alloc_freelist() too. - Split the function vm_phys_alloc_pages(int pool, int order) to create vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(int flind, int pool, int order), and use this function from both vm_page_alloc_freelist() and vm_phys_alloc_pages(). Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-21 09:27:00 +00:00
}
return (NULL);
}
/*
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
* Allocate a contiguous, power of two-sized set of physical pages from the
* specified free list. The free list must be specified using one of the
* manifest constants VM_FREELIST_*.
*
* The free page queues must be locked.
Redo the page table page allocation on MIPS, as suggested by alc@. The UMA zone based allocation is replaced by a scheme that creates a new free page list for the KSEG0 region, and a new function in sys/vm that allocates pages from a specific free page list. This also fixes a race condition introduced by the UMA based page table page allocation code. Dropping the page queue and pmap locks before the call to uma_zfree, and re-acquiring them afterwards will introduce a race condtion(noted by alc@). The changes are : - Revert the earlier changes in MIPS pmap.c that added UMA zone for page table pages. - Add a new freelist VM_FREELIST_HIGHMEM to MIPS vmparam.h for memory that is not directly mapped (in 32bit kernel). Normal page allocations will first try the HIGHMEM freelist and then the default(direct mapped) freelist. - Add a new function 'vm_page_t vm_page_alloc_freelist(int flind, int order, int req)' to vm/vm_page.c to allocate a page from a specified freelist. The MIPS page table pages will be allocated using this function from the freelist containing direct mapped pages. - Move the page initialization code from vm_phys_alloc_contig() to a new function vm_page_alloc_init(), and use this function to initialize pages in vm_page_alloc_freelist() too. - Split the function vm_phys_alloc_pages(int pool, int order) to create vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(int flind, int pool, int order), and use this function from both vm_page_alloc_freelist() and vm_phys_alloc_pages(). Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-21 09:27:00 +00:00
*/
vm_page_t
[mips] [vm] restore translation of freelist to flind for page allocation Commit r326346 moved domain iterators from physical layer to vm_page one, but it also removed translation of freelist to flind for vm_page_alloc_freelist() call. Before it expects VM_FREELIST_ parameter, but after it expect freelist index. On small WiFi boxes with few megabytes of RAM, there is only one freelist VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM (1) and there is no VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT(0) (see file sys/mips/include/vmparam.h). It results in freelist 1 with flind 0. At first, this commit renames flind to freelist in vm_page_alloc_freelist to avoid misunderstanding about input parameters. Then on physical layer it restores translation for correct handling of freelist parameter. Reported by: landonf Reviewed by: jeff Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13351
2017-12-04 08:08:55 +00:00
vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(int domain, int freelist, int pool, int order)
Fix two bugs in the current NUMA-aware allocation code: - vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages() can be called by vm_page_alloc_freelist() to allocate a page from a specific freelist. In the NUMA case it did not properly map the public VM_FREELIST_* constants to the correct backing freelists, nor did it try all NUMA domains for allocations from VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT. - vm_phys_alloc_pages() did not pin the thread and each call to vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages() fetched the current domain to choose which freelist to use. If a thread migrated domains during the loop in vm_phys_alloc_pages() it could skip one of the freelists. If the other freelists were out of memory then it is possible that vm_phys_alloc_pages() would fail to allocate a page even though pages were available resulting in a panic in vm_page_alloc(). Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 week
2013-05-03 18:58:37 +00:00
{
Move domain iterators into the page layer where domain selection should take place. This makes the majority of the phys layer explicitly domain specific. Reviewed by: markj, kib (some objections) Discussed with: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix & Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13014
2017-11-28 23:18:35 +00:00
struct vm_freelist *alt, *fl;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
vm_page_t m;
[mips] [vm] restore translation of freelist to flind for page allocation Commit r326346 moved domain iterators from physical layer to vm_page one, but it also removed translation of freelist to flind for vm_page_alloc_freelist() call. Before it expects VM_FREELIST_ parameter, but after it expect freelist index. On small WiFi boxes with few megabytes of RAM, there is only one freelist VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM (1) and there is no VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT(0) (see file sys/mips/include/vmparam.h). It results in freelist 1 with flind 0. At first, this commit renames flind to freelist in vm_page_alloc_freelist to avoid misunderstanding about input parameters. Then on physical layer it restores translation for correct handling of freelist parameter. Reported by: landonf Reviewed by: jeff Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13351
2017-12-04 08:08:55 +00:00
int oind, pind, flind;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
Move domain iterators into the page layer where domain selection should take place. This makes the majority of the phys layer explicitly domain specific. Reviewed by: markj, kib (some objections) Discussed with: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix & Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13014
2017-11-28 23:18:35 +00:00
KASSERT(domain >= 0 && domain < vm_ndomains,
("vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages: domain %d is out of range",
domain));
[mips] [vm] restore translation of freelist to flind for page allocation Commit r326346 moved domain iterators from physical layer to vm_page one, but it also removed translation of freelist to flind for vm_page_alloc_freelist() call. Before it expects VM_FREELIST_ parameter, but after it expect freelist index. On small WiFi boxes with few megabytes of RAM, there is only one freelist VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM (1) and there is no VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT(0) (see file sys/mips/include/vmparam.h). It results in freelist 1 with flind 0. At first, this commit renames flind to freelist in vm_page_alloc_freelist to avoid misunderstanding about input parameters. Then on physical layer it restores translation for correct handling of freelist parameter. Reported by: landonf Reviewed by: jeff Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13351
2017-12-04 08:08:55 +00:00
KASSERT(freelist < VM_NFREELIST,
The physical memory allocator supports the use of distinct free lists for managing pages from different address ranges. Generally speaking, this feature is used to increase the likelihood that physical pages are available that can meet special DMA requirements or can be accessed through a limited-coverage direct mapping (e.g., MIPS). However, prior to this change, the configuration of the free lists was static, i.e., it was determined at compile time. Consequentally, free lists could be created for address ranges that held no actual pages, for example, on 32-bit MIPS- based systems with 512 MB or less of physical memory. This change makes the creation of the free lists dynamic, i.e., it is based on the available physical memory at boot time. On 64-bit x86-based systems with 64 GB or more of physical memory, create free lists for managing pages with physical addresses below 4 GB. This change is to address reported problems with initializing devices that require the allocation of physical pages below 4 GB on some systems with 128 GB or more of physical memory. PR: 185727 Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D1274 Reviewed by: jhb, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2014-12-31 00:54:38 +00:00
("vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages: freelist %d is out of range",
Print the correct value when freelist is out of range. Security: : Sponsored by: DARPA, AFRL
2017-12-04 11:16:51 +00:00
freelist));
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
KASSERT(pool < VM_NFREEPOOL,
Redo the page table page allocation on MIPS, as suggested by alc@. The UMA zone based allocation is replaced by a scheme that creates a new free page list for the KSEG0 region, and a new function in sys/vm that allocates pages from a specific free page list. This also fixes a race condition introduced by the UMA based page table page allocation code. Dropping the page queue and pmap locks before the call to uma_zfree, and re-acquiring them afterwards will introduce a race condtion(noted by alc@). The changes are : - Revert the earlier changes in MIPS pmap.c that added UMA zone for page table pages. - Add a new freelist VM_FREELIST_HIGHMEM to MIPS vmparam.h for memory that is not directly mapped (in 32bit kernel). Normal page allocations will first try the HIGHMEM freelist and then the default(direct mapped) freelist. - Add a new function 'vm_page_t vm_page_alloc_freelist(int flind, int order, int req)' to vm/vm_page.c to allocate a page from a specified freelist. The MIPS page table pages will be allocated using this function from the freelist containing direct mapped pages. - Move the page initialization code from vm_phys_alloc_contig() to a new function vm_page_alloc_init(), and use this function to initialize pages in vm_page_alloc_freelist() too. - Split the function vm_phys_alloc_pages(int pool, int order) to create vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(int flind, int pool, int order), and use this function from both vm_page_alloc_freelist() and vm_phys_alloc_pages(). Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-21 09:27:00 +00:00
("vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages: pool %d is out of range", pool));
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
KASSERT(order < VM_NFREEORDER,
Redo the page table page allocation on MIPS, as suggested by alc@. The UMA zone based allocation is replaced by a scheme that creates a new free page list for the KSEG0 region, and a new function in sys/vm that allocates pages from a specific free page list. This also fixes a race condition introduced by the UMA based page table page allocation code. Dropping the page queue and pmap locks before the call to uma_zfree, and re-acquiring them afterwards will introduce a race condtion(noted by alc@). The changes are : - Revert the earlier changes in MIPS pmap.c that added UMA zone for page table pages. - Add a new freelist VM_FREELIST_HIGHMEM to MIPS vmparam.h for memory that is not directly mapped (in 32bit kernel). Normal page allocations will first try the HIGHMEM freelist and then the default(direct mapped) freelist. - Add a new function 'vm_page_t vm_page_alloc_freelist(int flind, int order, int req)' to vm/vm_page.c to allocate a page from a specified freelist. The MIPS page table pages will be allocated using this function from the freelist containing direct mapped pages. - Move the page initialization code from vm_phys_alloc_contig() to a new function vm_page_alloc_init(), and use this function to initialize pages in vm_page_alloc_freelist() too. - Split the function vm_phys_alloc_pages(int pool, int order) to create vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(int flind, int pool, int order), and use this function from both vm_page_alloc_freelist() and vm_phys_alloc_pages(). Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-21 09:27:00 +00:00
("vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages: order %d is out of range", order));
Add an initial NUMA affinity/policy configuration for threads and processes. This is based on work done by jeff@ and jhb@, as well as the numa.diff patch that has been circulating when someone asks for first-touch NUMA on -10 or -11. * Introduce a simple set of VM policy and iterator types. * tie the policy types into the vm_phys path for now, mirroring how the initial first-touch allocation work was enabled. * add syscalls to control changing thread and process defaults. * add a global NUMA VM domain policy. * implement a simple cascade policy order - if a thread policy exists, use it; if a process policy exists, use it; use the default policy. * processes inherit policies from their parent processes, threads inherit policies from their parent threads. * add a simple tool (numactl) to query and modify default thread/process policities. * add documentation for the new syscalls, for numa and for numactl. * re-enable first touch NUMA again by default, as now policies can be set in a variety of methods. This is only relevant for very specific workloads. This doesn't pretend to be a final NUMA solution. The previous defaults in -HEAD (with MAXMEMDOM set) can be achieved by 'sysctl vm.default_policy=rr'. This is only relevant if MAXMEMDOM is set to something other than 1. Ie, if you're using GENERIC or a modified kernel with non-NUMA, then this is a glorified no-op for you. Thank you to Norse Corp for giving me access to rather large (for FreeBSD!) NUMA machines in order to develop and verify this. Thank you to Dell for providing me with dual socket sandybridge and westmere v3 hardware to do NUMA development with. Thank you to Scott Long at Netflix for providing me with access to the two-socket, four-domain haswell v3 hardware. Thank you to Peter Holm for running the stress testing suite against the NUMA branch during various stages of development! Tested: * MIPS (regression testing; non-NUMA) * i386 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * amd64 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * westmere, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * sandy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou dell!) * ivy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * westmere-EX, 4 socket / 1TB RAM (thankyou norse!) * haswell, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * haswell v3, 2 socket (thankyou dell) * haswell v3, 2x18 core (thankyou scott long / netflix!) * Peter Holm ran a stress test suite on this work and found one issue, but has not been able to verify it (it doesn't look NUMA related, and he only saw it once over many testing runs.) * I've tested bhyve instances running in fixed NUMA domains and cpusets; all seems to work correctly. Verified: * intel-pcm - pcm-numa.x and pcm-memory.x, whilst selecting different NUMA policies for processes under test. Review: This was reviewed through phabricator (https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2559) as well as privately and via emails to freebsd-arch@. The git history with specific attributes is available at https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/ in the NUMA branch (https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/compare/local/adrian_numa_policy). This has been reviewed by a number of people (stas, rpaulo, kib, ngie, wblock) but not achieved a clear consensus. My hope is that with further exposure and testing more functionality can be implemented and evaluated. Notes: * The VM doesn't handle unbalanced domains very well, and if you have an overly unbalanced memory setup whilst under high memory pressure, VM page allocation may fail leading to a kernel panic. This was a problem in the past, but it's much more easily triggered now with these tools. * This work only controls the path through vm_phys; it doesn't yet strongly/predictably affect contigmalloc, KVA placement, UMA, etc. So, driver placement of memory isn't really guaranteed in any way. That's next on my plate. Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc.; Dell
2015-07-11 15:21:37 +00:00
[mips] [vm] restore translation of freelist to flind for page allocation Commit r326346 moved domain iterators from physical layer to vm_page one, but it also removed translation of freelist to flind for vm_page_alloc_freelist() call. Before it expects VM_FREELIST_ parameter, but after it expect freelist index. On small WiFi boxes with few megabytes of RAM, there is only one freelist VM_FREELIST_LOWMEM (1) and there is no VM_FREELIST_DEFAULT(0) (see file sys/mips/include/vmparam.h). It results in freelist 1 with flind 0. At first, this commit renames flind to freelist in vm_page_alloc_freelist to avoid misunderstanding about input parameters. Then on physical layer it restores translation for correct handling of freelist parameter. Reported by: landonf Reviewed by: jeff Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13351
2017-12-04 08:08:55 +00:00
flind = vm_freelist_to_flind[freelist];
/* Check if freelist is present */
if (flind < 0)
return (NULL);
Use per-domain locks for vm page queue free. Move paging control from global to per-domain state. Protect reservations with the free lock from the domain that they belong to. Refactor to make vm domains more of a first class object. Reviewed by: markj, kib, gallatin Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14000
2018-02-06 22:10:07 +00:00
vm_domain_free_assert_locked(VM_DOMAIN(domain));
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
fl = &vm_phys_free_queues[domain][flind][pool][0];
Redo the page table page allocation on MIPS, as suggested by alc@. The UMA zone based allocation is replaced by a scheme that creates a new free page list for the KSEG0 region, and a new function in sys/vm that allocates pages from a specific free page list. This also fixes a race condition introduced by the UMA based page table page allocation code. Dropping the page queue and pmap locks before the call to uma_zfree, and re-acquiring them afterwards will introduce a race condtion(noted by alc@). The changes are : - Revert the earlier changes in MIPS pmap.c that added UMA zone for page table pages. - Add a new freelist VM_FREELIST_HIGHMEM to MIPS vmparam.h for memory that is not directly mapped (in 32bit kernel). Normal page allocations will first try the HIGHMEM freelist and then the default(direct mapped) freelist. - Add a new function 'vm_page_t vm_page_alloc_freelist(int flind, int order, int req)' to vm/vm_page.c to allocate a page from a specified freelist. The MIPS page table pages will be allocated using this function from the freelist containing direct mapped pages. - Move the page initialization code from vm_phys_alloc_contig() to a new function vm_page_alloc_init(), and use this function to initialize pages in vm_page_alloc_freelist() too. - Split the function vm_phys_alloc_pages(int pool, int order) to create vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(int flind, int pool, int order), and use this function from both vm_page_alloc_freelist() and vm_phys_alloc_pages(). Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-21 09:27:00 +00:00
for (oind = order; oind < VM_NFREEORDER; oind++) {
m = TAILQ_FIRST(&fl[oind].pl);
if (m != NULL) {
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
vm_freelist_rem(fl, m, oind);
Allow callers to vm_phys_split_pages() to specify whether insertion should occur at the head or the tail of the page queues.
2018-07-05 02:08:57 +00:00
/* The order [order, oind) queues are empty. */
vm_phys_split_pages(m, oind, fl, order, 1);
Redo the page table page allocation on MIPS, as suggested by alc@. The UMA zone based allocation is replaced by a scheme that creates a new free page list for the KSEG0 region, and a new function in sys/vm that allocates pages from a specific free page list. This also fixes a race condition introduced by the UMA based page table page allocation code. Dropping the page queue and pmap locks before the call to uma_zfree, and re-acquiring them afterwards will introduce a race condtion(noted by alc@). The changes are : - Revert the earlier changes in MIPS pmap.c that added UMA zone for page table pages. - Add a new freelist VM_FREELIST_HIGHMEM to MIPS vmparam.h for memory that is not directly mapped (in 32bit kernel). Normal page allocations will first try the HIGHMEM freelist and then the default(direct mapped) freelist. - Add a new function 'vm_page_t vm_page_alloc_freelist(int flind, int order, int req)' to vm/vm_page.c to allocate a page from a specified freelist. The MIPS page table pages will be allocated using this function from the freelist containing direct mapped pages. - Move the page initialization code from vm_phys_alloc_contig() to a new function vm_page_alloc_init(), and use this function to initialize pages in vm_page_alloc_freelist() too. - Split the function vm_phys_alloc_pages(int pool, int order) to create vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(int flind, int pool, int order), and use this function from both vm_page_alloc_freelist() and vm_phys_alloc_pages(). Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-21 09:27:00 +00:00
return (m);
}
}
/*
* The given pool was empty. Find the largest
* contiguous, power-of-two-sized set of pages in any
* pool. Transfer these pages to the given pool, and
* use them to satisfy the allocation.
*/
for (oind = VM_NFREEORDER - 1; oind >= order; oind--) {
for (pind = 0; pind < VM_NFREEPOOL; pind++) {
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
alt = &vm_phys_free_queues[domain][flind][pind][0];
Redo the page table page allocation on MIPS, as suggested by alc@. The UMA zone based allocation is replaced by a scheme that creates a new free page list for the KSEG0 region, and a new function in sys/vm that allocates pages from a specific free page list. This also fixes a race condition introduced by the UMA based page table page allocation code. Dropping the page queue and pmap locks before the call to uma_zfree, and re-acquiring them afterwards will introduce a race condtion(noted by alc@). The changes are : - Revert the earlier changes in MIPS pmap.c that added UMA zone for page table pages. - Add a new freelist VM_FREELIST_HIGHMEM to MIPS vmparam.h for memory that is not directly mapped (in 32bit kernel). Normal page allocations will first try the HIGHMEM freelist and then the default(direct mapped) freelist. - Add a new function 'vm_page_t vm_page_alloc_freelist(int flind, int order, int req)' to vm/vm_page.c to allocate a page from a specified freelist. The MIPS page table pages will be allocated using this function from the freelist containing direct mapped pages. - Move the page initialization code from vm_phys_alloc_contig() to a new function vm_page_alloc_init(), and use this function to initialize pages in vm_page_alloc_freelist() too. - Split the function vm_phys_alloc_pages(int pool, int order) to create vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(int flind, int pool, int order), and use this function from both vm_page_alloc_freelist() and vm_phys_alloc_pages(). Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-21 09:27:00 +00:00
m = TAILQ_FIRST(&alt[oind].pl);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
if (m != NULL) {
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
vm_freelist_rem(alt, m, oind);
Redo the page table page allocation on MIPS, as suggested by alc@. The UMA zone based allocation is replaced by a scheme that creates a new free page list for the KSEG0 region, and a new function in sys/vm that allocates pages from a specific free page list. This also fixes a race condition introduced by the UMA based page table page allocation code. Dropping the page queue and pmap locks before the call to uma_zfree, and re-acquiring them afterwards will introduce a race condtion(noted by alc@). The changes are : - Revert the earlier changes in MIPS pmap.c that added UMA zone for page table pages. - Add a new freelist VM_FREELIST_HIGHMEM to MIPS vmparam.h for memory that is not directly mapped (in 32bit kernel). Normal page allocations will first try the HIGHMEM freelist and then the default(direct mapped) freelist. - Add a new function 'vm_page_t vm_page_alloc_freelist(int flind, int order, int req)' to vm/vm_page.c to allocate a page from a specified freelist. The MIPS page table pages will be allocated using this function from the freelist containing direct mapped pages. - Move the page initialization code from vm_phys_alloc_contig() to a new function vm_page_alloc_init(), and use this function to initialize pages in vm_page_alloc_freelist() too. - Split the function vm_phys_alloc_pages(int pool, int order) to create vm_phys_alloc_freelist_pages(int flind, int pool, int order), and use this function from both vm_page_alloc_freelist() and vm_phys_alloc_pages(). Reviewed by: alc
2010-07-21 09:27:00 +00:00
vm_phys_set_pool(pool, m, oind);
Allow callers to vm_phys_split_pages() to specify whether insertion should occur at the head or the tail of the page queues.
2018-07-05 02:08:57 +00:00
/* The order [order, oind) queues are empty. */
vm_phys_split_pages(m, oind, fl, order, 1);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
return (m);
}
}
}
return (NULL);
}
/*
* Find the vm_page corresponding to the given physical address.
*/
vm_page_t
vm_phys_paddr_to_vm_page(vm_paddr_t pa)
{
struct vm_phys_seg *seg;
int segind;
for (segind = 0; segind < vm_phys_nsegs; segind++) {
seg = &vm_phys_segs[segind];
if (pa >= seg->start && pa < seg->end)
return (&seg->first_page[atop(pa - seg->start)]);
}
Track the kernel mapping of a physical page by a new entry in vm_page structure. When the page is shared, the kernel mapping becomes a special type of managed page to force the cache off the page mappings. This is needed to avoid stale entries on all ARM VIVT caches, and VIPT caches with cache color issue. Submitted by: Mark Tinguely Reviewed by: alc Tested by: Grzegorz Bernacki, thompsa
2009-06-18 20:42:37 +00:00
return (NULL);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
vm_page_t
vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page(vm_paddr_t pa)
{
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg tmp, *seg;
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
vm_page_t m;
m = NULL;
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
tmp.start = pa;
tmp.end = 0;
rw_rlock(&vm_phys_fictitious_reg_lock);
seg = RB_FIND(fict_tree, &vm_phys_fictitious_tree, &tmp);
rw_runlock(&vm_phys_fictitious_reg_lock);
if (seg == NULL)
return (NULL);
m = &seg->first_page[atop(pa - seg->start)];
KASSERT((m->flags & PG_FICTITIOUS) != 0, ("%p not fictitious", m));
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
return (m);
}
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
static inline void
vm_phys_fictitious_init_range(vm_page_t range, vm_paddr_t start,
long page_count, vm_memattr_t memattr)
{
long i;
Speed up vm_page_array initialization. We currently initialize the vm_page array in three passes: one to zero the array, one to initialize the "order" field of each page (necessary when inserting them into the vm_phys buddy allocator one-by-one), and one to initialize the remaining non-zero fields and individually insert each page into the allocator. Merge the three passes into one following a suggestion from alc: initialize vm_page fields in a single pass, and use vm_phys_free_contig() to efficiently insert physical memory segments into the buddy allocator. This reduces the initialization time to a third or a quarter of what it was before on most systems that I tested. Reviewed by: alc, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D12248
2017-09-07 21:43:39 +00:00
bzero(range, page_count * sizeof(*range));
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
for (i = 0; i < page_count; i++) {
vm_page_initfake(&range[i], start + PAGE_SIZE * i, memattr);
range[i].oflags &= ~VPO_UNMANAGED;
range[i].busy_lock = VPB_UNBUSIED;
}
}
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
int
vm_phys_fictitious_reg_range(vm_paddr_t start, vm_paddr_t end,
vm_memattr_t memattr)
{
struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg *seg;
vm_page_t fp;
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
long page_count;
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
#ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
long pi, pe;
long dpage_count;
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
#endif
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
KASSERT(start < end,
("Start of segment isn't less than end (start: %jx end: %jx)",
(uintmax_t)start, (uintmax_t)end));
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
page_count = (end - start) / PAGE_SIZE;
#ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE
pi = atop(start);
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
pe = atop(end);
if (pi >= first_page && (pi - first_page) < vm_page_array_size) {
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
fp = &vm_page_array[pi - first_page];
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
if ((pe - first_page) > vm_page_array_size) {
/*
* We have a segment that starts inside
* of vm_page_array, but ends outside of it.
*
* Use vm_page_array pages for those that are
* inside of the vm_page_array range, and
* allocate the remaining ones.
*/
dpage_count = vm_page_array_size - (pi - first_page);
vm_phys_fictitious_init_range(fp, start, dpage_count,
memattr);
page_count -= dpage_count;
start += ptoa(dpage_count);
goto alloc;
}
/*
* We can allocate the full range from vm_page_array,
* so there's no need to register the range in the tree.
*/
vm_phys_fictitious_init_range(fp, start, page_count, memattr);
return (0);
} else if (pe > first_page && (pe - first_page) < vm_page_array_size) {
/*
* We have a segment that ends inside of vm_page_array,
* but starts outside of it.
*/
fp = &vm_page_array[0];
dpage_count = pe - first_page;
vm_phys_fictitious_init_range(fp, ptoa(first_page), dpage_count,
memattr);
end -= ptoa(dpage_count);
page_count -= dpage_count;
goto alloc;
} else if (pi < first_page && pe > (first_page + vm_page_array_size)) {
/*
* Trying to register a fictitious range that expands before
* and after vm_page_array.
*/
return (EINVAL);
} else {
alloc:
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
#endif
fp = malloc(page_count * sizeof(struct vm_page), M_FICT_PAGES,
Speed up vm_page_array initialization. We currently initialize the vm_page array in three passes: one to zero the array, one to initialize the "order" field of each page (necessary when inserting them into the vm_phys buddy allocator one-by-one), and one to initialize the remaining non-zero fields and individually insert each page into the allocator. Merge the three passes into one following a suggestion from alc: initialize vm_page fields in a single pass, and use vm_phys_free_contig() to efficiently insert physical memory segments into the buddy allocator. This reduces the initialization time to a third or a quarter of what it was before on most systems that I tested. Reviewed by: alc, kib MFC after: 3 weeks Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D12248
2017-09-07 21:43:39 +00:00
M_WAITOK);
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
#ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
}
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
#endif
vm_phys_fictitious_init_range(fp, start, page_count, memattr);
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
seg = malloc(sizeof(*seg), M_FICT_PAGES, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO);
seg->start = start;
seg->end = end;
seg->first_page = fp;
rw_wlock(&vm_phys_fictitious_reg_lock);
RB_INSERT(fict_tree, &vm_phys_fictitious_tree, seg);
rw_wunlock(&vm_phys_fictitious_reg_lock);
return (0);
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
}
void
vm_phys_fictitious_unreg_range(vm_paddr_t start, vm_paddr_t end)
{
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
struct vm_phys_fictitious_seg *seg, tmp;
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
#ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
long pi, pe;
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
#endif
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
KASSERT(start < end,
("Start of segment isn't less than end (start: %jx end: %jx)",
(uintmax_t)start, (uintmax_t)end));
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
#ifdef VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE
pi = atop(start);
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
pe = atop(end);
if (pi >= first_page && (pi - first_page) < vm_page_array_size) {
if ((pe - first_page) <= vm_page_array_size) {
/*
* This segment was allocated using vm_page_array
* only, there's nothing to do since those pages
* were never added to the tree.
*/
return;
}
/*
* We have a segment that starts inside
* of vm_page_array, but ends outside of it.
*
* Calculate how many pages were added to the
* tree and free them.
*/
start = ptoa(first_page + vm_page_array_size);
} else if (pe > first_page && (pe - first_page) < vm_page_array_size) {
/*
* We have a segment that ends inside of vm_page_array,
* but starts outside of it.
*/
end = ptoa(first_page);
} else if (pi < first_page && pe > (first_page + vm_page_array_size)) {
/* Since it's not possible to register such a range, panic. */
panic(
"Unregistering not registered fictitious range [%#jx:%#jx]",
(uintmax_t)start, (uintmax_t)end);
}
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
#endif
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
tmp.start = start;
tmp.end = 0;
rw_wlock(&vm_phys_fictitious_reg_lock);
seg = RB_FIND(fict_tree, &vm_phys_fictitious_tree, &tmp);
if (seg->start != start || seg->end != end) {
rw_wunlock(&vm_phys_fictitious_reg_lock);
panic(
"Unregistering not registered fictitious range [%#jx:%#jx]",
(uintmax_t)start, (uintmax_t)end);
}
RB_REMOVE(fict_tree, &vm_phys_fictitious_tree, seg);
rw_wunlock(&vm_phys_fictitious_reg_lock);
vm_phys: improve robustness of fictitious ranges With the current implementation of managed fictitious ranges when also using VM_PHYSSEG_DENSE, a user could try to register a fictitious range that starts inside of vm_page_array, but then overrruns it (because the end of the fictitious range is greater than vm_page_array_size + first_page). This would result in PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE returning unallocated pages from past the end of vm_page_array. The same could happen if a user tried to register a segment that starts outside of vm_page_array but ends inside of it. In order to fix this, allow vm_phys_fictitious_{reg/unreg}_range to use a set of pages from vm_page_array, and allocate the rest. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc vm/vm_phys.c: - Allow registering/unregistering fictitious ranges that overrun vm_page_array.
2014-08-05 10:29:01 +00:00
free(seg->first_page, M_FICT_PAGES);
vm_phys: remove limitation on number of fictitious regions The number of vm fictitious regions was limited to 8 by default, but Xen will make heavy usage of those kind of regions in order to map memory from foreign domains, so instead of increasing the default number, change the implementation to use a red-black tree to track vm fictitious ranges. The public interface remains the same. Sponsored by: Citrix Systems R&D Reviewed by: kib, alc Approved by: gibbs vm/vm_phys.c: - Replace the vm fictitious static array with a red-black tree. - Use a rwlock instead of a mutex, since now we also need to take the lock in vm_phys_fictitious_to_vm_page, and it can be shared.
2014-07-09 08:12:58 +00:00
free(seg, M_FICT_PAGES);
Add a facility to register a range of physical addresses to be used for allocation of fictitious pages, for which PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() returns proper fictitious vm_page_t. The range should be de-registered after consumer stopped using it. De-inline the PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() since it now carries code to iterate over registered ranges. A hash container might be developed instead of range registration interface, and fake pages could be put automatically into the hash, were PHYS_TO_VM_PAGE() could look them up later. This should be considered before the MFC of the commit is done. Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation Reviewed by: alc MFC after: 1 month
2012-05-12 20:42:56 +00:00
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
/*
* Free a contiguous, power of two-sized set of physical pages.
Eliminate two unused functions: vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages(). Rename vm_phys_alloc_pages_locked() to vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages_locked() to vm_phys_free_pages(). Add comments regarding the need for the free page queues lock to be held by callers to these functions. No functional changes. Approved by: re (hrs)
2007-07-14 21:21:17 +00:00
*
* The free page queues must be locked.
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
*/
void
vm_phys_free_pages(vm_page_t m, int order)
{
struct vm_freelist *fl;
struct vm_phys_seg *seg;
Eliminate vm_phys_bootstrap_alloc(). It was a failed attempt at eliminating duplicated code in the various pmap implementations. Micro-optimize vm_phys_free_pages(). Introduce vm_phys_free_contig(). It is fast routine for freeing an arbitrary number of physically contiguous pages. In particular, it doesn't require the number of pages to be a power of two. Use "u_long" instead of "unsigned long". Bruce Evans (bde@) has convinced me that the "boundary" parameters to kmem_alloc_contig(), vm_phys_alloc_contig(), and vm_reserv_reclaim_contig() should be of type "vm_paddr_t" and not "u_long". Make this change.
2011-10-30 05:06:14 +00:00
vm_paddr_t pa;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
vm_page_t m_buddy;
KASSERT(m->order == VM_NFREEORDER,
Eliminate two unused functions: vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages(). Rename vm_phys_alloc_pages_locked() to vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages_locked() to vm_phys_free_pages(). Add comments regarding the need for the free page queues lock to be held by callers to these functions. No functional changes. Approved by: re (hrs)
2007-07-14 21:21:17 +00:00
("vm_phys_free_pages: page %p has unexpected order %d",
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
m, m->order));
KASSERT(m->pool < VM_NFREEPOOL,
Eliminate two unused functions: vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages(). Rename vm_phys_alloc_pages_locked() to vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages_locked() to vm_phys_free_pages(). Add comments regarding the need for the free page queues lock to be held by callers to these functions. No functional changes. Approved by: re (hrs)
2007-07-14 21:21:17 +00:00
("vm_phys_free_pages: page %p has unexpected pool %d",
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
m, m->pool));
KASSERT(order < VM_NFREEORDER,
Eliminate two unused functions: vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages(). Rename vm_phys_alloc_pages_locked() to vm_phys_alloc_pages() and vm_phys_free_pages_locked() to vm_phys_free_pages(). Add comments regarding the need for the free page queues lock to be held by callers to these functions. No functional changes. Approved by: re (hrs)
2007-07-14 21:21:17 +00:00
("vm_phys_free_pages: order %d is out of range", order));
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
seg = &vm_phys_segs[m->segind];
Use per-domain locks for vm page queue free. Move paging control from global to per-domain state. Protect reservations with the free lock from the domain that they belong to. Refactor to make vm domains more of a first class object. Reviewed by: markj, kib, gallatin Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14000
2018-02-06 22:10:07 +00:00
vm_domain_free_assert_locked(VM_DOMAIN(seg->domain));
Eliminate vm_phys_bootstrap_alloc(). It was a failed attempt at eliminating duplicated code in the various pmap implementations. Micro-optimize vm_phys_free_pages(). Introduce vm_phys_free_contig(). It is fast routine for freeing an arbitrary number of physically contiguous pages. In particular, it doesn't require the number of pages to be a power of two. Use "u_long" instead of "unsigned long". Bruce Evans (bde@) has convinced me that the "boundary" parameters to kmem_alloc_contig(), vm_phys_alloc_contig(), and vm_reserv_reclaim_contig() should be of type "vm_paddr_t" and not "u_long". Make this change.
2011-10-30 05:06:14 +00:00
if (order < VM_NFREEORDER - 1) {
pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m);
do {
pa ^= ((vm_paddr_t)1 << (PAGE_SHIFT + order));
if (pa < seg->start || pa >= seg->end)
break;
m_buddy = &seg->first_page[atop(pa - seg->start)];
if (m_buddy->order != order)
break;
fl = (*seg->free_queues)[m_buddy->pool];
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
vm_freelist_rem(fl, m_buddy, order);
Eliminate vm_phys_bootstrap_alloc(). It was a failed attempt at eliminating duplicated code in the various pmap implementations. Micro-optimize vm_phys_free_pages(). Introduce vm_phys_free_contig(). It is fast routine for freeing an arbitrary number of physically contiguous pages. In particular, it doesn't require the number of pages to be a power of two. Use "u_long" instead of "unsigned long". Bruce Evans (bde@) has convinced me that the "boundary" parameters to kmem_alloc_contig(), vm_phys_alloc_contig(), and vm_reserv_reclaim_contig() should be of type "vm_paddr_t" and not "u_long". Make this change.
2011-10-30 05:06:14 +00:00
if (m_buddy->pool != m->pool)
vm_phys_set_pool(m->pool, m_buddy, order);
order++;
pa &= ~(((vm_paddr_t)1 << (PAGE_SHIFT + order)) - 1);
m = &seg->first_page[atop(pa - seg->start)];
} while (order < VM_NFREEORDER - 1);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
fl = (*seg->free_queues)[m->pool];
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
vm_freelist_add(fl, m, order, 1);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
Eliminate vm_phys_bootstrap_alloc(). It was a failed attempt at eliminating duplicated code in the various pmap implementations. Micro-optimize vm_phys_free_pages(). Introduce vm_phys_free_contig(). It is fast routine for freeing an arbitrary number of physically contiguous pages. In particular, it doesn't require the number of pages to be a power of two. Use "u_long" instead of "unsigned long". Bruce Evans (bde@) has convinced me that the "boundary" parameters to kmem_alloc_contig(), vm_phys_alloc_contig(), and vm_reserv_reclaim_contig() should be of type "vm_paddr_t" and not "u_long". Make this change.
2011-10-30 05:06:14 +00:00
/*
* Free a contiguous, arbitrarily sized set of physical pages.
*
* The free page queues must be locked.
*/
void
vm_phys_free_contig(vm_page_t m, u_long npages)
{
u_int n;
int order;
/*
* Avoid unnecessary coalescing by freeing the pages in the largest
* possible power-of-two-sized subsets.
*/
Use per-domain locks for vm page queue free. Move paging control from global to per-domain state. Protect reservations with the free lock from the domain that they belong to. Refactor to make vm domains more of a first class object. Reviewed by: markj, kib, gallatin Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14000
2018-02-06 22:10:07 +00:00
vm_domain_free_assert_locked(vm_pagequeue_domain(m));
Eliminate vm_phys_bootstrap_alloc(). It was a failed attempt at eliminating duplicated code in the various pmap implementations. Micro-optimize vm_phys_free_pages(). Introduce vm_phys_free_contig(). It is fast routine for freeing an arbitrary number of physically contiguous pages. In particular, it doesn't require the number of pages to be a power of two. Use "u_long" instead of "unsigned long". Bruce Evans (bde@) has convinced me that the "boundary" parameters to kmem_alloc_contig(), vm_phys_alloc_contig(), and vm_reserv_reclaim_contig() should be of type "vm_paddr_t" and not "u_long". Make this change.
2011-10-30 05:06:14 +00:00
for (;; npages -= n) {
/*
* Unsigned "min" is used here so that "order" is assigned
* "VM_NFREEORDER - 1" when "m"'s physical address is zero
* or the low-order bits of its physical address are zero
* because the size of a physical address exceeds the size of
* a long.
*/
order = min(ffsl(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m) >> PAGE_SHIFT) - 1,
VM_NFREEORDER - 1);
n = 1 << order;
if (npages < n)
break;
vm_phys_free_pages(m, order);
m += n;
}
/* The residual "npages" is less than "1 << (VM_NFREEORDER - 1)". */
for (; npages > 0; npages -= n) {
order = flsl(npages) - 1;
n = 1 << order;
vm_phys_free_pages(m, order);
m += n;
}
}
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
/*
* Scan physical memory between the specified addresses "low" and "high" for a
* run of contiguous physical pages that satisfy the specified conditions, and
* return the lowest page in the run. The specified "alignment" determines
* the alignment of the lowest physical page in the run. If the specified
* "boundary" is non-zero, then the run of physical pages cannot span a
* physical address that is a multiple of "boundary".
*
* "npages" must be greater than zero. Both "alignment" and "boundary" must
* be a power of two.
*/
vm_page_t
Implement 'domainset', a cpuset based NUMA policy mechanism. This allows userspace to control NUMA policy administratively and programmatically. Implement domainset based iterators in the page layer. Remove the now legacy numa_* syscalls. Cleanup some header polution created by having seq.h in proc.h. Reviewed by: markj, kib Discussed with: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13403
2018-01-12 22:48:23 +00:00
vm_phys_scan_contig(int domain, u_long npages, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high,
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
u_long alignment, vm_paddr_t boundary, int options)
{
vm_paddr_t pa_end;
vm_page_t m_end, m_run, m_start;
struct vm_phys_seg *seg;
int segind;
KASSERT(npages > 0, ("npages is 0"));
KASSERT(powerof2(alignment), ("alignment is not a power of 2"));
KASSERT(powerof2(boundary), ("boundary is not a power of 2"));
if (low >= high)
return (NULL);
for (segind = 0; segind < vm_phys_nsegs; segind++) {
seg = &vm_phys_segs[segind];
Implement 'domainset', a cpuset based NUMA policy mechanism. This allows userspace to control NUMA policy administratively and programmatically. Implement domainset based iterators in the page layer. Remove the now legacy numa_* syscalls. Cleanup some header polution created by having seq.h in proc.h. Reviewed by: markj, kib Discussed with: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13403
2018-01-12 22:48:23 +00:00
if (seg->domain != domain)
continue;
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
if (seg->start >= high)
break;
if (low >= seg->end)
continue;
if (low <= seg->start)
m_start = seg->first_page;
else
m_start = &seg->first_page[atop(low - seg->start)];
if (high < seg->end)
pa_end = high;
else
pa_end = seg->end;
if (pa_end - VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m_start) < ptoa(npages))
continue;
m_end = &seg->first_page[atop(pa_end - seg->start)];
m_run = vm_page_scan_contig(npages, m_start, m_end,
alignment, boundary, options);
if (m_run != NULL)
return (m_run);
}
return (NULL);
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
/*
* Set the pool for a contiguous, power of two-sized set of physical pages.
*/
Change the management of cached pages (PQ_CACHE) in two fundamental ways: (1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the object's lock or the page queues lock. This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon. Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache(). However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock. Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead, this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary splay tree and memq. (2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will succeed. Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9) specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail. Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@, Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@ Tested by: an earlier version by kris@ Approved by: re (kensmith)
2007-09-25 06:25:06 +00:00
void
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
vm_phys_set_pool(int pool, vm_page_t m, int order)
{
vm_page_t m_tmp;
for (m_tmp = m; m_tmp < &m[1 << order]; m_tmp++)
m_tmp->pool = pool;
}
/*
Update the comment describing vm_phys_unfree_page().
2007-12-21 02:44:31 +00:00
* Search for the given physical page "m" in the free lists. If the search
* succeeds, remove "m" from the free lists and return TRUE. Otherwise, return
* FALSE, indicating that "m" is not in the free lists.
Change the management of cached pages (PQ_CACHE) in two fundamental ways: (1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the object's lock or the page queues lock. This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon. Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache(). However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock. Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead, this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary splay tree and memq. (2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will succeed. Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9) specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail. Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@, Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@ Tested by: an earlier version by kris@ Approved by: re (kensmith)
2007-09-25 06:25:06 +00:00
*
* The free page queues must be locked.
*/
Modify vm_phys_unfree_page() so that it no longer requires the given page to be in the free lists. Instead, it now returns TRUE if it removed the page from the free lists and FALSE if the page was not in the free lists. This change is required to support superpage reservations. Specifically, once reservations are introduced, a cached page can either be in the free lists or a reservation.
2007-12-20 22:45:54 +00:00
boolean_t
Change the management of cached pages (PQ_CACHE) in two fundamental ways: (1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the object's lock or the page queues lock. This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon. Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache(). However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock. Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead, this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary splay tree and memq. (2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will succeed. Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9) specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail. Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@, Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@ Tested by: an earlier version by kris@ Approved by: re (kensmith)
2007-09-25 06:25:06 +00:00
vm_phys_unfree_page(vm_page_t m)
{
struct vm_freelist *fl;
struct vm_phys_seg *seg;
vm_paddr_t pa, pa_half;
vm_page_t m_set, m_tmp;
int order;
/*
* First, find the contiguous, power of two-sized set of free
* physical pages containing the given physical page "m" and
* assign it to "m_set".
*/
seg = &vm_phys_segs[m->segind];
Use per-domain locks for vm page queue free. Move paging control from global to per-domain state. Protect reservations with the free lock from the domain that they belong to. Refactor to make vm domains more of a first class object. Reviewed by: markj, kib, gallatin Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14000
2018-02-06 22:10:07 +00:00
vm_domain_free_assert_locked(VM_DOMAIN(seg->domain));
Change the management of cached pages (PQ_CACHE) in two fundamental ways: (1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the object's lock or the page queues lock. This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon. Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache(). However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock. Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead, this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary splay tree and memq. (2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will succeed. Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9) specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail. Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@, Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@ Tested by: an earlier version by kris@ Approved by: re (kensmith)
2007-09-25 06:25:06 +00:00
for (m_set = m, order = 0; m_set->order == VM_NFREEORDER &&
Correct one half of a loop continuation condition in vm_phys_unfree_page(). At present, this error is inconsequential; the other half of the loop continuation condition is sufficient to achieve correct execution.
2007-12-19 23:09:45 +00:00
order < VM_NFREEORDER - 1; ) {
Change the management of cached pages (PQ_CACHE) in two fundamental ways: (1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the object's lock or the page queues lock. This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon. Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache(). However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock. Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead, this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary splay tree and memq. (2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will succeed. Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9) specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail. Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@, Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@ Tested by: an earlier version by kris@ Approved by: re (kensmith)
2007-09-25 06:25:06 +00:00
order++;
pa = m->phys_addr & (~(vm_paddr_t)0 << (PAGE_SHIFT + order));
Eliminate an unnecessary test from vm_phys_unfree_page().
2008-04-05 05:02:53 +00:00
if (pa >= seg->start)
Modify vm_phys_unfree_page() so that it no longer requires the given page to be in the free lists. Instead, it now returns TRUE if it removed the page from the free lists and FALSE if the page was not in the free lists. This change is required to support superpage reservations. Specifically, once reservations are introduced, a cached page can either be in the free lists or a reservation.
2007-12-20 22:45:54 +00:00
m_set = &seg->first_page[atop(pa - seg->start)];
else
return (FALSE);
Change the management of cached pages (PQ_CACHE) in two fundamental ways: (1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the object's lock or the page queues lock. This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon. Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache(). However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock. Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead, this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary splay tree and memq. (2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will succeed. Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9) specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail. Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@, Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@ Tested by: an earlier version by kris@ Approved by: re (kensmith)
2007-09-25 06:25:06 +00:00
}
Modify vm_phys_unfree_page() so that it no longer requires the given page to be in the free lists. Instead, it now returns TRUE if it removed the page from the free lists and FALSE if the page was not in the free lists. This change is required to support superpage reservations. Specifically, once reservations are introduced, a cached page can either be in the free lists or a reservation.
2007-12-20 22:45:54 +00:00
if (m_set->order < order)
return (FALSE);
if (m_set->order == VM_NFREEORDER)
return (FALSE);
Change the management of cached pages (PQ_CACHE) in two fundamental ways: (1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the object's lock or the page queues lock. This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon. Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache(). However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock. Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead, this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary splay tree and memq. (2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will succeed. Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9) specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail. Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@, Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@ Tested by: an earlier version by kris@ Approved by: re (kensmith)
2007-09-25 06:25:06 +00:00
KASSERT(m_set->order < VM_NFREEORDER,
("vm_phys_unfree_page: page %p has unexpected order %d",
m_set, m_set->order));
/*
* Next, remove "m_set" from the free lists. Finally, extract
* "m" from "m_set" using an iterative algorithm: While "m_set"
* is larger than a page, shrink "m_set" by returning the half
* of "m_set" that does not contain "m" to the free lists.
*/
fl = (*seg->free_queues)[m_set->pool];
order = m_set->order;
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
vm_freelist_rem(fl, m_set, order);
Change the management of cached pages (PQ_CACHE) in two fundamental ways: (1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the object's lock or the page queues lock. This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon. Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache(). However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock. Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead, this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary splay tree and memq. (2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will succeed. Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9) specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail. Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@, Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@ Tested by: an earlier version by kris@ Approved by: re (kensmith)
2007-09-25 06:25:06 +00:00
while (order > 0) {
order--;
pa_half = m_set->phys_addr ^ (1 << (PAGE_SHIFT + order));
if (m->phys_addr < pa_half)
m_tmp = &seg->first_page[atop(pa_half - seg->start)];
else {
m_tmp = m_set;
m_set = &seg->first_page[atop(pa_half - seg->start)];
}
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
vm_freelist_add(fl, m_tmp, order, 0);
Change the management of cached pages (PQ_CACHE) in two fundamental ways: (1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the object's lock or the page queues lock. This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon. Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache(). However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock. Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead, this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary splay tree and memq. (2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will succeed. Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9) specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail. Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@, Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@ Tested by: an earlier version by kris@ Approved by: re (kensmith)
2007-09-25 06:25:06 +00:00
}
KASSERT(m_set == m, ("vm_phys_unfree_page: fatal inconsistency"));
Modify vm_phys_unfree_page() so that it no longer requires the given page to be in the free lists. Instead, it now returns TRUE if it removed the page from the free lists and FALSE if the page was not in the free lists. This change is required to support superpage reservations. Specifically, once reservations are introduced, a cached page can either be in the free lists or a reservation.
2007-12-20 22:45:54 +00:00
return (TRUE);
Change the management of cached pages (PQ_CACHE) in two fundamental ways: (1) Cached pages are no longer kept in the object's resident page splay tree and memq. Instead, they are kept in a separate per-object splay tree of cached pages. However, access to this new per-object splay tree is synchronized by the _free_ page queues lock, not to be confused with the heavily contended page queues lock. Consequently, a cached page can be reclaimed by vm_page_alloc(9) without acquiring the object's lock or the page queues lock. This solves a problem independently reported by tegge@ and Isilon. Specifically, they observed the page daemon consuming a great deal of CPU time because of pages bouncing back and forth between the cache queue (PQ_CACHE) and the inactive queue (PQ_INACTIVE). The source of this problem turned out to be a deadlock avoidance strategy employed when selecting a cached page to reclaim in vm_page_select_cache(). However, the root cause was really that reclaiming a cached page required the acquisition of an object lock while the page queues lock was already held. Thus, this change addresses the problem at its root, by eliminating the need to acquire the object's lock. Moreover, keeping cached pages in the object's primary splay tree and memq was, in effect, optimizing for the uncommon case. Cached pages are reclaimed far, far more often than they are reactivated. Instead, this change makes reclamation cheaper, especially in terms of synchronization overhead, and reactivation more expensive, because reactivated pages will have to be reentered into the object's primary splay tree and memq. (2) Cached pages are now stored alongside free pages in the physical memory allocator's buddy queues, increasing the likelihood that large allocations of contiguous physical memory (i.e., superpages) will succeed. Finally, as a result of this change long-standing restrictions on when and where a cached page can be reclaimed and returned by vm_page_alloc(9) are eliminated. Specifically, calls to vm_page_alloc(9) specifying VM_ALLOC_INTERRUPT can now reclaim and return a formerly cached page. Consequently, a call to malloc(9) specifying M_NOWAIT is less likely to fail. Discussed with: many over the course of the summer, including jeff@, Justin Husted @ Isilon, peter@, tegge@ Tested by: an earlier version by kris@ Approved by: re (kensmith)
2007-09-25 06:25:06 +00:00
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
/*
Update a comment.
2007-06-16 05:25:53 +00:00
* Allocate a contiguous set of physical pages of the given size
* "npages" from the free lists. All of the physical pages must be at
* or above the given physical address "low" and below the given
* physical address "high". The given value "alignment" determines the
* alignment of the first physical page in the set. If the given value
* "boundary" is non-zero, then the set of physical pages cannot cross
* any physical address boundary that is a multiple of that value. Both
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
* "alignment" and "boundary" must be a power of two.
*/
vm_page_t
Move domain iterators into the page layer where domain selection should take place. This makes the majority of the phys layer explicitly domain specific. Reviewed by: markj, kib (some objections) Discussed with: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix & Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13014
2017-11-28 23:18:35 +00:00
vm_phys_alloc_contig(int domain, u_long npages, vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high,
Eliminate vm_phys_bootstrap_alloc(). It was a failed attempt at eliminating duplicated code in the various pmap implementations. Micro-optimize vm_phys_free_pages(). Introduce vm_phys_free_contig(). It is fast routine for freeing an arbitrary number of physically contiguous pages. In particular, it doesn't require the number of pages to be a power of two. Use "u_long" instead of "unsigned long". Bruce Evans (bde@) has convinced me that the "boundary" parameters to kmem_alloc_contig(), vm_phys_alloc_contig(), and vm_reserv_reclaim_contig() should be of type "vm_paddr_t" and not "u_long". Make this change.
2011-10-30 05:06:14 +00:00
u_long alignment, vm_paddr_t boundary)
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
{
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
vm_paddr_t pa_end, pa_start;
vm_page_t m_run;
struct vm_phys_seg *seg;
Move domain iterators into the page layer where domain selection should take place. This makes the majority of the phys layer explicitly domain specific. Reviewed by: markj, kib (some objections) Discussed with: alc Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix & Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D13014
2017-11-28 23:18:35 +00:00
int segind;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
KASSERT(npages > 0, ("npages is 0"));
KASSERT(powerof2(alignment), ("alignment is not a power of 2"));
KASSERT(powerof2(boundary), ("boundary is not a power of 2"));
Use per-domain locks for vm page queue free. Move paging control from global to per-domain state. Protect reservations with the free lock from the domain that they belong to. Refactor to make vm domains more of a first class object. Reviewed by: markj, kib, gallatin Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14000
2018-02-06 22:10:07 +00:00
vm_domain_free_assert_locked(VM_DOMAIN(domain));
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
if (low >= high)
return (NULL);
m_run = NULL;
A fix to r292469: Iterate over the physical segments in descending rather than ascending order in vm_phys_alloc_contig() so that, for example, a sequence of contigmalloc(low=0, high=4GB) calls doesn't exhaust the supply of low physical memory resulting in a later contigmalloc(low=0, high=1MB) failure. Reported by: cy Tested by: cy Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2016-01-16 04:41:40 +00:00
for (segind = vm_phys_nsegs - 1; segind >= 0; segind--) {
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
seg = &vm_phys_segs[segind];
A fix to r292469: Iterate over the physical segments in descending rather than ascending order in vm_phys_alloc_contig() so that, for example, a sequence of contigmalloc(low=0, high=4GB) calls doesn't exhaust the supply of low physical memory resulting in a later contigmalloc(low=0, high=1MB) failure. Reported by: cy Tested by: cy Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2016-01-16 04:41:40 +00:00
if (seg->start >= high || seg->domain != domain)
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
continue;
A fix to r292469: Iterate over the physical segments in descending rather than ascending order in vm_phys_alloc_contig() so that, for example, a sequence of contigmalloc(low=0, high=4GB) calls doesn't exhaust the supply of low physical memory resulting in a later contigmalloc(low=0, high=1MB) failure. Reported by: cy Tested by: cy Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division
2016-01-16 04:41:40 +00:00
if (low >= seg->end)
break;
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
if (low <= seg->start)
pa_start = seg->start;
else
pa_start = low;
if (high < seg->end)
pa_end = high;
else
pa_end = seg->end;
if (pa_end - pa_start < ptoa(npages))
continue;
m_run = vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(seg, npages, low, high,
alignment, boundary);
if (m_run != NULL)
break;
}
return (m_run);
}
Add an initial NUMA affinity/policy configuration for threads and processes. This is based on work done by jeff@ and jhb@, as well as the numa.diff patch that has been circulating when someone asks for first-touch NUMA on -10 or -11. * Introduce a simple set of VM policy and iterator types. * tie the policy types into the vm_phys path for now, mirroring how the initial first-touch allocation work was enabled. * add syscalls to control changing thread and process defaults. * add a global NUMA VM domain policy. * implement a simple cascade policy order - if a thread policy exists, use it; if a process policy exists, use it; use the default policy. * processes inherit policies from their parent processes, threads inherit policies from their parent threads. * add a simple tool (numactl) to query and modify default thread/process policities. * add documentation for the new syscalls, for numa and for numactl. * re-enable first touch NUMA again by default, as now policies can be set in a variety of methods. This is only relevant for very specific workloads. This doesn't pretend to be a final NUMA solution. The previous defaults in -HEAD (with MAXMEMDOM set) can be achieved by 'sysctl vm.default_policy=rr'. This is only relevant if MAXMEMDOM is set to something other than 1. Ie, if you're using GENERIC or a modified kernel with non-NUMA, then this is a glorified no-op for you. Thank you to Norse Corp for giving me access to rather large (for FreeBSD!) NUMA machines in order to develop and verify this. Thank you to Dell for providing me with dual socket sandybridge and westmere v3 hardware to do NUMA development with. Thank you to Scott Long at Netflix for providing me with access to the two-socket, four-domain haswell v3 hardware. Thank you to Peter Holm for running the stress testing suite against the NUMA branch during various stages of development! Tested: * MIPS (regression testing; non-NUMA) * i386 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * amd64 (regression testing; non-NUMA GENERIC) * westmere, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * sandy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou dell!) * ivy bridge, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * westmere-EX, 4 socket / 1TB RAM (thankyou norse!) * haswell, 2 socket (thankyou norse!) * haswell v3, 2 socket (thankyou dell) * haswell v3, 2x18 core (thankyou scott long / netflix!) * Peter Holm ran a stress test suite on this work and found one issue, but has not been able to verify it (it doesn't look NUMA related, and he only saw it once over many testing runs.) * I've tested bhyve instances running in fixed NUMA domains and cpusets; all seems to work correctly. Verified: * intel-pcm - pcm-numa.x and pcm-memory.x, whilst selecting different NUMA policies for processes under test. Review: This was reviewed through phabricator (https://reviews.freebsd.org/D2559) as well as privately and via emails to freebsd-arch@. The git history with specific attributes is available at https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/ in the NUMA branch (https://github.com/erikarn/freebsd/compare/local/adrian_numa_policy). This has been reviewed by a number of people (stas, rpaulo, kib, ngie, wblock) but not achieved a clear consensus. My hope is that with further exposure and testing more functionality can be implemented and evaluated. Notes: * The VM doesn't handle unbalanced domains very well, and if you have an overly unbalanced memory setup whilst under high memory pressure, VM page allocation may fail leading to a kernel panic. This was a problem in the past, but it's much more easily triggered now with these tools. * This work only controls the path through vm_phys; it doesn't yet strongly/predictably affect contigmalloc, KVA placement, UMA, etc. So, driver placement of memory isn't really guaranteed in any way. That's next on my plate. Sponsored by: Norse Corp, Inc.; Dell
2015-07-11 15:21:37 +00:00
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
/*
* Allocate a run of contiguous physical pages from the free list for the
* specified segment.
*/
static vm_page_t
vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(struct vm_phys_seg *seg, u_long npages,
vm_paddr_t low, vm_paddr_t high, u_long alignment, vm_paddr_t boundary)
{
struct vm_freelist *fl;
vm_paddr_t pa, pa_end, size;
vm_page_t m, m_ret;
u_long npages_end;
int oind, order, pind;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
KASSERT(npages > 0, ("npages is 0"));
KASSERT(powerof2(alignment), ("alignment is not a power of 2"));
KASSERT(powerof2(boundary), ("boundary is not a power of 2"));
Use per-domain locks for vm page queue free. Move paging control from global to per-domain state. Protect reservations with the free lock from the domain that they belong to. Refactor to make vm domains more of a first class object. Reviewed by: markj, kib, gallatin Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Netflix, Dell/EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14000
2018-02-06 22:10:07 +00:00
vm_domain_free_assert_locked(VM_DOMAIN(seg->domain));
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
/* Compute the queue that is the best fit for npages. */
Three changes to vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(): 1. Optimize the order computation. 2. Update the pool for all of the chunks that are removed from the free page lists, and not just the first chunk. 3. Simplify the code for returning excess pages to the free page lists. Reviewed by: Doug Moore <dougm@rice.edu>
2018-06-29 04:08:14 +00:00
order = flsl(npages - 1);
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
/* Search for a run satisfying the specified conditions. */
size = npages << PAGE_SHIFT;
for (oind = min(order, VM_NFREEORDER - 1); oind < VM_NFREEORDER;
oind++) {
for (pind = 0; pind < VM_NFREEPOOL; pind++) {
fl = (*seg->free_queues)[pind];
Improve VM page queue scalability. Currently both the page lock and a page queue lock must be held in order to enqueue, dequeue or requeue a page in a given page queue. The queue locks are a scalability bottleneck in many workloads. This change reduces page queue lock contention by batching queue operations. To detangle the page and page queue locks, per-CPU batch queues are used to reference pages with pending queue operations. The requested operation is encoded in the page's aflags field with the page lock held, after which the page is enqueued for a deferred batch operation. Page queue scans are similarly optimized to minimize the amount of work performed with a page queue lock held. Reviewed by: kib, jeff (previous versions) Tested by: pho Sponsored by: Dell EMC Isilon Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14893
2018-04-24 21:15:54 +00:00
TAILQ_FOREACH(m_ret, &fl[oind].pl, listq) {
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
/*
* Is the size of this allocation request
* larger than the largest block size?
*/
if (order >= VM_NFREEORDER) {
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
/*
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
* Determine if a sufficient number of
* subsequent blocks to satisfy the
* allocation request are free.
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
*/
pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m_ret);
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
pa_end = pa + size;
Check for wrap-around in vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(). It is possible to provide insane values for size in contigmalloc(9) request, which usually not reaches the phys allocator due to failing KVA allocation. But with the forthcoming 4/4 i386, where 32bit architecture has almost 4G KVA, contigmalloc(1G) is not unreasonable outright and KVA might be available sometimes. Then, the calculation of pa_end could wrap around, depending on the physical address, and the checks in vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig() would pass while the iteration in the loop after the 'done' label goes out of the vm_page_array bounds. Fix it by detecting the wrap. Reported and tested by: pho Reviewed by: alc, markj Sponsored by: The FreeBSD Foundation MFC after: 1 week Differential revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D14767
2018-03-20 16:17:55 +00:00
if (pa_end < pa)
continue;
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
for (;;) {
pa += 1 << (PAGE_SHIFT +
VM_NFREEORDER - 1);
if (pa >= pa_end ||
pa < seg->start ||
pa >= seg->end)
break;
m = &seg->first_page[atop(pa -
seg->start)];
if (m->order != VM_NFREEORDER -
1)
break;
}
/* If not, go to the next block. */
if (pa < pa_end)
continue;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
/*
* Determine if the blocks are within the
* given range, satisfy the given alignment,
* and do not cross the given boundary.
*/
pa = VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m_ret);
pa_end = pa + size;
sys: use our roundup2/rounddown2() macros when param.h is available. rounddown2 tends to produce longer lines than the original code and when the code has a high indentation level it was not really advantageous to do the replacement. This tries to strike a balance between readability using the macros and flexibility of having the expressions, so not everything is converted.
2016-04-21 19:57:40 +00:00
if (pa >= low && pa_end <= high &&
(pa & (alignment - 1)) == 0 &&
rounddown2(pa ^ (pa_end - 1), boundary) == 0)
Introduce a new mechanism for relocating virtual pages to a new physical address and use this mechanism when: 1. kmem_alloc_{attr,contig}() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. This replaces the long-standing approach of scanning the inactive and inactive queues, converting clean pages into PG_CACHED pages and laundering dirty pages. In contrast, the new mechanism does not use PG_CACHED pages nor does it trigger a large number of I/O operations. 2. on 32-bit MIPS processors, uma_small_alloc() and the pmap can't find free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists that are covered by the direct map. Tested by: adrian 3. ttm_bo_global_init() and ttm_vm_page_alloc_dma32() can't find suitable free pages in the physical memory allocator's free page lists. In the coming months, I expect that this new mechanism will be applied in other places. For example, balloon drivers should use relocation to minimize fragmentation of the guest physical address space. Make vm_phys_alloc_contig() a little smarter (and more efficient in some cases). Specifically, use vm_phys_segs[] earlier to avoid scanning free page lists that can't possibly contain suitable pages. Reviewed by: kib, markj Glanced at: jhb Discussed with: jeff Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon Storage Division Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4444
2015-12-19 18:42:50 +00:00
goto done;
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
}
}
return (NULL);
done:
for (m = m_ret; m < &m_ret[npages]; m = &m[1 << oind]) {
fl = (*seg->free_queues)[m->pool];
Three changes to vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(): 1. Optimize the order computation. 2. Update the pool for all of the chunks that are removed from the free page lists, and not just the first chunk. 3. Simplify the code for returning excess pages to the free page lists. Reviewed by: Doug Moore <dougm@rice.edu>
2018-06-29 04:08:14 +00:00
vm_freelist_rem(fl, m, oind);
if (m->pool != VM_FREEPOOL_DEFAULT)
vm_phys_set_pool(VM_FREEPOOL_DEFAULT, m, oind);
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
Eliminate vm_phys_bootstrap_alloc(). It was a failed attempt at eliminating duplicated code in the various pmap implementations. Micro-optimize vm_phys_free_pages(). Introduce vm_phys_free_contig(). It is fast routine for freeing an arbitrary number of physically contiguous pages. In particular, it doesn't require the number of pages to be a power of two. Use "u_long" instead of "unsigned long". Bruce Evans (bde@) has convinced me that the "boundary" parameters to kmem_alloc_contig(), vm_phys_alloc_contig(), and vm_reserv_reclaim_contig() should be of type "vm_paddr_t" and not "u_long". Make this change.
2011-10-30 05:06:14 +00:00
/* Return excess pages to the free lists. */
Three changes to vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(): 1. Optimize the order computation. 2. Update the pool for all of the chunks that are removed from the free page lists, and not just the first chunk. 3. Simplify the code for returning excess pages to the free page lists. Reviewed by: Doug Moore <dougm@rice.edu>
2018-06-29 04:08:14 +00:00
npages_end = roundup2(npages, 1 << oind);
Introduce vm_phys_enq_range(), and call it in vm_phys_alloc_npages() and vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig() instead of vm_phys_free_contig(). In short, vm_phys_enq_range() is simpler and faster than the more general vm_phys_free_contig(), and in the case of vm_phys_alloc_seg_contig(), vm_phys_free_contig() was placing the excess physical pages at the wrong end of the queues. In collaboration with: Doug Moore <dougm@rice.edu>
2018-07-02 17:18:46 +00:00
if (npages < npages_end) {
fl = (*seg->free_queues)[VM_FREEPOOL_DEFAULT];
vm_phys_enq_range(&m_ret[npages], npages_end - npages, fl, 0);
}
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
return (m_ret);
}
#ifdef DDB
/*
* Show the number of physical pages in each of the free lists.
*/
DB_SHOW_COMMAND(freepages, db_show_freepages)
{
struct vm_freelist *fl;
o Add accessor functions to add and remove pages from a specific freelist. o Split the pool of free pages queues really by domain and not rely on definition of VM_RAW_NFREELIST. o For MAXMEMDOM > 1, wrap the RR allocation logic into a specific function that is called when calculating the allocation domain. The RR counter is kept, currently, per-thread. In the future it is expected that such function evolves in a real policy decision referee, based on specific informations retrieved by per-thread and per-vm_object attributes. o Add the concept of "probed domains" under the form of vm_ndomains. It is responsibility for every architecture willing to support multiple memory domains to correctly probe vm_ndomains along with mem_affinity segments attributes. Those two values are supposed to remain always consistent. Please also note that vm_ndomains and td_dom_rr_idx are both int because segments already store domains as int. Ideally u_int would have much more sense. Probabilly this should be cleaned up in the future. o Apply RR domain selection also to vm_phys_zero_pages_idle(). Sponsored by: EMC / Isilon storage division Partly obtained from: jeff Reviewed by: alc Tested by: jeff
2013-05-13 15:40:51 +00:00
int flind, oind, pind, dom;
for (dom = 0; dom < vm_ndomains; dom++) {
db_printf("DOMAIN: %d\n", dom);
for (flind = 0; flind < vm_nfreelists; flind++) {
db_printf("FREE LIST %d:\n"
"\n ORDER (SIZE) | NUMBER"
"\n ", flind);
for (pind = 0; pind < VM_NFREEPOOL; pind++)
db_printf(" | POOL %d", pind);
db_printf("\n-- ");
for (pind = 0; pind < VM_NFREEPOOL; pind++)
db_printf("-- -- ");
db_printf("--\n");
for (oind = VM_NFREEORDER - 1; oind >= 0; oind--) {
db_printf(" %2.2d (%6.6dK)", oind,
1 << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10 + oind));
for (pind = 0; pind < VM_NFREEPOOL; pind++) {
fl = vm_phys_free_queues[dom][flind][pind];
db_printf(" | %6.6d", fl[oind].lcnt);
}
db_printf("\n");
Add a new physical memory allocator. However, do not yet connect it to the build. This allocator uses a binary buddy system with a twist. First and foremost, this allocator is required to support the implementation of superpages. As a side effect, it enables a more robust implementation of contigmalloc(9). Moreover, this reimplementation of contigmalloc(9) eliminates the acquisition of Giant by contigmalloc(..., M_NOWAIT, ...). The twist is that this allocator tries to reduce the number of TLB misses incurred by accesses through a direct map to small, UMA-managed objects and page table pages. Roughly speaking, the physical pages that are allocated for such purposes are clustered together in the physical address space. The performance benefits vary. In the most extreme case, a uniprocessor kernel running on an Opteron, I measured an 18% reduction in system time during a buildworld. This allocator does not implement page coloring. The reason is that superpages have much the same effect. The contiguous physical memory allocation necessary for a superpage is inherently colored. Finally, the one caveat is that this allocator does not effectively support prezeroed pages. I hope this is temporary. On i386, this is a slight pessimization. However, on amd64, the beneficial effects of the direct-map optimization outweigh the ill effects. I speculate that this is true in general of machines with a direct map. Approved by: re
2007-06-10 00:49:16 +00:00
}
db_printf("\n");
}
db_printf("\n");
}
}
#endif
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