2002-10-03 06:31:16 +00:00
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/*-
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2014-07-21 15:22:48 +00:00
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* Written by J.T. Conklin <jtc@NetBSD.org>
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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* Public domain.
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2002-10-03 06:31:16 +00:00
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*
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2014-07-21 15:22:48 +00:00
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* $NetBSD: search.h,v 1.16 2005/02/03 04:39:32 perry Exp $
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2002-10-03 06:31:16 +00:00
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* $FreeBSD$
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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*/
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#ifndef _SEARCH_H_
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#define _SEARCH_H_
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#include <sys/cdefs.h>
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2002-08-21 16:20:02 +00:00
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#include <sys/_types.h>
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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2002-08-21 16:20:02 +00:00
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#ifndef _SIZE_T_DECLARED
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typedef __size_t size_t;
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#define _SIZE_T_DECLARED
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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#endif
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2002-10-03 06:31:16 +00:00
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typedef struct entry {
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char *key;
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void *data;
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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} ENTRY;
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2002-10-03 06:31:16 +00:00
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typedef enum {
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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FIND, ENTER
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} ACTION;
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2002-10-03 06:31:16 +00:00
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typedef enum {
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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preorder,
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postorder,
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endorder,
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leaf
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} VISIT;
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#ifdef _SEARCH_PRIVATE
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2002-10-03 06:31:16 +00:00
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typedef struct node {
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Let tsearch()/tdelete() use an AVL tree.
The existing implementations of POSIX tsearch() and tdelete() don't
attempt to perform any balancing at all. Testing reveals that inserting
100k nodes into a tree sequentially takes approximately one minute on my
system.
Though most other BSDs also don't use any balanced tree internally, C
libraries like glibc and musl do provide better implementations. glibc
uses a red-black tree and musl uses an AVL tree.
Red-black trees have the advantage over AVL trees that they only require
O(1) rotations after insertion and deletion, but have the disadvantage
that the tree has a maximum depth of 2*log2(n) instead of 1.44*log2(n).
My take is that it's better to focus on having a lower maximum depth,
for the reason that in the case of tsearch() the invocation of the
comparator likely dominates the running time.
This change replaces the tsearch() and tdelete() functions by versions
that create an AVL tree. Compared to musl's implementation, this version
is different in two different ways:
- We don't keep track of heights; just balances. This is sufficient.
This has the advantage that it reduces the number of nodes that are
being accessed. Storing heights requires us to also access all of the
siblings along the path.
- Don't use any recursion at all. We know that the tree cannot 2^64
elements in size, so the height of the tree can never be larger than
96. Use a 128-bit bitmask to keep track of the path that is computed.
This allows us to iterate over the same path twice, meaning we can
apply rotations from top to bottom.
Inserting 100k nodes into a tree now only takes 0.015 seconds. Insertion
seems to be twice as fast as glibc, whereas deletion has about the same
performance. Unlike glibc, it uses a fixed amount of memory.
I also experimented with both recursive and iterative bottom-up
implementations of the same algorithm. This iterative top-down version
performs similar to the recursive bottom-up version in terms of speed
and code size.
For some reason, the iterative bottom-up algorithm was actually 30%
faster for deletion, but has a quadratic memory complexity to keep track
of all the parent pointers.
Reviewed by: jilles
Obtained from: https://github.com/NuxiNL/cloudlibc
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4412
2015-12-22 18:12:11 +00:00
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void *key;
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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struct node *llink, *rlink;
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Let tsearch()/tdelete() use an AVL tree.
The existing implementations of POSIX tsearch() and tdelete() don't
attempt to perform any balancing at all. Testing reveals that inserting
100k nodes into a tree sequentially takes approximately one minute on my
system.
Though most other BSDs also don't use any balanced tree internally, C
libraries like glibc and musl do provide better implementations. glibc
uses a red-black tree and musl uses an AVL tree.
Red-black trees have the advantage over AVL trees that they only require
O(1) rotations after insertion and deletion, but have the disadvantage
that the tree has a maximum depth of 2*log2(n) instead of 1.44*log2(n).
My take is that it's better to focus on having a lower maximum depth,
for the reason that in the case of tsearch() the invocation of the
comparator likely dominates the running time.
This change replaces the tsearch() and tdelete() functions by versions
that create an AVL tree. Compared to musl's implementation, this version
is different in two different ways:
- We don't keep track of heights; just balances. This is sufficient.
This has the advantage that it reduces the number of nodes that are
being accessed. Storing heights requires us to also access all of the
siblings along the path.
- Don't use any recursion at all. We know that the tree cannot 2^64
elements in size, so the height of the tree can never be larger than
96. Use a 128-bit bitmask to keep track of the path that is computed.
This allows us to iterate over the same path twice, meaning we can
apply rotations from top to bottom.
Inserting 100k nodes into a tree now only takes 0.015 seconds. Insertion
seems to be twice as fast as glibc, whereas deletion has about the same
performance. Unlike glibc, it uses a fixed amount of memory.
I also experimented with both recursive and iterative bottom-up
implementations of the same algorithm. This iterative top-down version
performs similar to the recursive bottom-up version in terms of speed
and code size.
For some reason, the iterative bottom-up algorithm was actually 30%
faster for deletion, but has a quadratic memory complexity to keep track
of all the parent pointers.
Reviewed by: jilles
Obtained from: https://github.com/NuxiNL/cloudlibc
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D4412
2015-12-22 18:12:11 +00:00
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signed char balance;
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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} node_t;
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2002-10-16 14:00:46 +00:00
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struct que_elem {
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struct que_elem *next;
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struct que_elem *prev;
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};
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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#endif
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2014-07-21 15:22:48 +00:00
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#if __BSD_VISIBLE
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struct hsearch_data {
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2015-12-27 07:50:11 +00:00
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struct __hsearch *__hsearch;
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2014-07-21 15:22:48 +00:00
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};
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#endif
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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__BEGIN_DECLS
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2002-03-23 17:24:55 +00:00
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int hcreate(size_t);
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void hdestroy(void);
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ENTRY *hsearch(ENTRY, ACTION);
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2014-07-18 16:21:15 +00:00
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void insque(void *, void *);
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2002-10-16 14:29:23 +00:00
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void *lfind(const void *, const void *, size_t *, size_t,
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int (*)(const void *, const void *));
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void *lsearch(const void *, void *, size_t *, size_t,
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int (*)(const void *, const void *));
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2002-10-16 14:00:46 +00:00
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void remque(void *);
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2002-09-06 11:24:06 +00:00
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void *tdelete(const void * __restrict, void ** __restrict,
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2002-08-14 21:16:41 +00:00
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int (*)(const void *, const void *));
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2002-10-03 06:31:16 +00:00
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void *tfind(const void *, void * const *,
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int (*)(const void *, const void *));
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2002-03-23 17:24:55 +00:00
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void *tsearch(const void *, void **, int (*)(const void *, const void *));
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2002-10-03 06:31:16 +00:00
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void twalk(const void *, void (*)(const void *, VISIT, int));
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2014-07-21 15:22:48 +00:00
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#if __BSD_VISIBLE
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int hcreate_r(size_t, struct hsearch_data *);
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void hdestroy_r(struct hsearch_data *);
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int hsearch_r(ENTRY, ACTION, ENTRY **, struct hsearch_data *);
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#endif
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2000-07-01 06:55:11 +00:00
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__END_DECLS
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#endif /* !_SEARCH_H_ */
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