freebsd-skq/sbin/md5/md5.1

.\" $FreeBSD$
.Dd September 7, 2008
.Dt MD5 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm md5 , sha1 , sha256, rmd160
.Nd calculate a message-digest fingerprint (checksum) for a file
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm md5
.Op Fl pqrtx
.Op Fl s Ar string
.Op Ar
.Nm sha1
.Op Fl pqrtx
.Op Fl s Ar string
.Op Ar
.Nm sha256
.Op Fl pqrtx
.Op Fl s Ar string
.Op Ar
.Nm rmd160
.Op Fl pqrtx
.Op Fl s Ar string
.Op Ar
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm md5 , sha1 , sha256
and
.Nm rmd160
utilities take as input a message of arbitrary length and produce as
output a
.Dq fingerprint
or
.Dq message digest
of the input.
It is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to
produce two messages having the same message digest, or to produce any
message having a given prespecified target message digest.
The
.Tn MD5 , SHA-1 , SHA-256
and
.Tn RIPEMD-160
algorithms are intended for digital signature applications, where a
large file must be
.Dq compressed
in a secure manner before being encrypted with a private
(secret)
key under a public-key cryptosystem such as
.Tn RSA .
.Pp
.Tn MD5
has been completely broken as far as finding collisions is
concerned, and should not be relied upon to produce unique outputs.
This also means that
.Tn MD5
should not be used as part of a cryptographic signature scheme.
At the current time (2009-01-06) there is no publicly known method to
.Dq reverse
MD5, i.e., to find an input given a hash value.
.Pp
.Tn SHA-1
currently (2009-01-06) has no known collisions, but an attack has been
found which is faster than a brute-force search, placing the security of
.Tn SHA-1
in doubt.
.Pp
It is recommended that all new applications use
.Tn SHA-256
instead of one of the other hash functions.
.Pp
The following options may be used in any combination and must
precede any files named on the command line.
The hexadecimal checksum of each file listed on the command line is printed
after the options are processed.
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl s Ar string
Print a checksum of the given
.Ar string .
.It Fl p
Echo stdin to stdout and append the checksum to stdout.
.It Fl q
Quiet mode - only the checksum is printed out.
Overrides the
.Fl r
option.
.It Fl r
Reverses the format of the output.
This helps with visual diffs.
Does nothing
when combined with the
.Fl ptx
options.
.It Fl t
Run a built-in time trial.
.It Fl x
Run a built-in test script.
.El
.Sh EXIT STATUS
The
.Nm md5 , sha1 , sha256
and
.Nm rmd160
utilities exit 0 on success,
and 1 if at least one of the input files could not be read.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr cksum 1 ,
.Xr md5 3 ,
.Xr ripemd 3 ,
.Xr sha 3 ,
.Xr sha256 3
.Rs
.%A R. Rivest
.%T The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm
.%O RFC1321
.Re
.Rs
.%A J. Burrows
.%T The Secure Hash Standard
.%O FIPS PUB 180-2
.Re
.Rs
.%A D. Eastlake and P. Jones
.%T US Secure Hash Algorithm 1
.%O RFC 3174
.Re
.Pp
RIPEMD-160 is part of the ISO draft standard
.Qq ISO/IEC DIS 10118-3
on dedicated hash functions.
.Pp
Secure Hash Standard (SHS):
.Pa http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/shs.html .
.Pp
The RIPEMD-160 page:
.Pa http://www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/~bosselae/ripemd160.html .
.Sh ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This program is placed in the public domain for free general use by
RSA Data Security.
.Pp
Support for SHA-1 and RIPEMD-160 has been added by
.An Oliver Eikemeier Aq eik@FreeBSD.org .
Add a new "-r" (right) option that reverses the order a filename and the hash is printed. This aids visual diffs. 1999-11-07 04:14:55 +00:00			`.\" $FreeBSD$`
Bring a paragraph in this manual page a bit closer to the present date. Discussed with: des 2008-09-07 15:19:34 +00:00			`.Dd September 7, 2008`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.Dt MD5 1`
			`.Os`
			`.Sh NAME`
Belatedly update the md5(1) man page to reflect the addition of sha256. 2005-03-10 09:56:39 +00:00			`.Nm md5 , sha1 , sha256, rmd160`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.Nd calculate a message-digest fingerprint (checksum) for a file`
			`.Sh SYNOPSIS`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`.Nm md5`
			`.Op Fl pqrtx`
			`.Op Fl s Ar string`
			`.Op Ar`
			`.Nm sha1`
			`.Op Fl pqrtx`
			`.Op Fl s Ar string`
			`.Op Ar`
Belatedly update the md5(1) man page to reflect the addition of sha256. 2005-03-10 09:56:39 +00:00			`.Nm sha256`
			`.Op Fl pqrtx`
			`.Op Fl s Ar string`
			`.Op Ar`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`.Nm rmd160`
Add -q quite mode. 1999-12-04 01:29:43 +00:00			`.Op Fl pqrtx`
Get md5(1) to use getopt(3). Also some minor -Wall cleaning while here. PR: 5387 Submitted by: Matthew Hunt <mph@pobox.com> 1997-12-29 03:40:37 +00:00			`.Op Fl s Ar string`
mdoc(7) police: use the default ``file ...'' feature of the .Ar macro. 2001-02-13 09:56:35 +00:00			`.Op Ar`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.Sh DESCRIPTION`
mdoc(7) fixes. 2004-07-07 19:57:16 +00:00			`The`
Belatedly update the md5(1) man page to reflect the addition of sha256. 2005-03-10 09:56:39 +00:00			`.Nm md5 , sha1 , sha256`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`and`
			`.Nm rmd160`
			`utilities take as input a message of arbitrary length and produce as`
			`output a`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.Dq fingerprint`
			`or`
			`.Dq message digest`
mdoc(7) police: removed hard sentence breaks. 2001-09-04 09:28:48 +00:00			`of the input.`
			`It is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`produce two messages having the same message digest, or to produce any`
Incorproate version of md5 placed into public domain by RSA. 1994-10-29 23:58:02 +00:00			`message having a given prespecified target message digest.`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`The`
Belatedly update the md5(1) man page to reflect the addition of sha256. 2005-03-10 09:56:39 +00:00			`.Tn MD5 , SHA-1 , SHA-256`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`and`
			`.Tn RIPEMD-160`
			`algorithms are intended for digital signature applications, where a`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`large file must be`
			`.Dq compressed`
			`in a secure manner before being encrypted with a private`
mdoc(7) police: Avoid using parenthesis enclosure macros (.Pq and .Po/.Pc) with plain text. Not only this slows down the mdoc(7) processing significantly, but it also has an undesired (in this case) effect of disabling hyphenation within the entire enclosed block. 2001-08-07 15:48:51 +00:00			`(secret)`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`key under a public-key cryptosystem such as`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`.Tn RSA .`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.Pp`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`.Tn MD5`
Strengthen some of the language concerning attacks on MD5, in light of the recent demonstration of a forged SSL certificate. Add text pointing out that SHA-1 is at least theoretically broken. Add a recommendation that new applications use SHA-256. MFC after: 1 month 2009-01-06 19:25:24 +00:00			`has been completely broken as far as finding collisions is`
			`concerned, and should not be relied upon to produce unique outputs.`
			`This also means that`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`.Tn MD5`
Strengthen some of the language concerning attacks on MD5, in light of the recent demonstration of a forged SSL certificate. Add text pointing out that SHA-1 is at least theoretically broken. Add a recommendation that new applications use SHA-256. MFC after: 1 month 2009-01-06 19:25:24 +00:00			`should not be used as part of a cryptographic signature scheme.`
			`At the current time (2009-01-06) there is no publicly known method to`
Minor markup fix for the r186836 update. 2009-01-06 21:16:42 +00:00			`.Dq reverse`
			`MD5, i.e., to find an input given a hash value.`
Strengthen some of the language concerning attacks on MD5, in light of the recent demonstration of a forged SSL certificate. Add text pointing out that SHA-1 is at least theoretically broken. Add a recommendation that new applications use SHA-256. MFC after: 1 month 2009-01-06 19:25:24 +00:00			`.Pp`
			`.Tn SHA-1`
			`currently (2009-01-06) has no known collisions, but an attack has been`
			`found which is faster than a brute-force search, placing the security of`
			`.Tn SHA-1`
			`in doubt.`
			`.Pp`
			`It is recommended that all new applications use`
			`.Tn SHA-256`
			`instead of one of the other hash functions.`
Mention collision attacks on MD5. From the md5(3) man page. PR: docs/14158 Reviewed by: kris Submitted by: Eric Frias <efrias@sg505.net> 2001-09-04 01:01:07 +00:00			`.Pp`
This command has more than four options. 2001-06-19 03:34:03 +00:00			`The following options may be used in any combination and must`
mdoc(7) police: removed hard sentence breaks. 2001-09-04 09:28:48 +00:00			`precede any files named on the command line.`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`The hexadecimal checksum of each file listed on the command line is printed`
			`after the options are processed.`
Correct use of .Nm. Spelling. Add rcsid, remove unused #includes, use err(3). 1998-07-06 07:04:50 +00:00			`.Bl -tag -width indent`
Get md5(1) to use getopt(3). Also some minor -Wall cleaning while here. PR: 5387 Submitted by: Matthew Hunt <mph@pobox.com> 1997-12-29 03:40:37 +00:00			`.It Fl s Ar string`
Correct use of .Nm. Spelling. Add rcsid, remove unused #includes, use err(3). 1998-07-06 07:04:50 +00:00			`Print a checksum of the given`
Get md5(1) to use getopt(3). Also some minor -Wall cleaning while here. PR: 5387 Submitted by: Matthew Hunt <mph@pobox.com> 1997-12-29 03:40:37 +00:00			`.Ar string .`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.It Fl p`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`Echo stdin to stdout and append the checksum to stdout.`
Add -q quite mode. 1999-12-04 01:29:43 +00:00			`.It Fl q`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`Quiet mode - only the checksum is printed out.`
mdoc(7) police: removed hard sentence breaks. 2001-09-04 09:28:48 +00:00			`Overrides the`
Add -q quite mode. 1999-12-04 01:29:43 +00:00			`.Fl r`
			`option.`
Add a new "-r" (right) option that reverses the order a filename and the hash is printed. This aids visual diffs. 1999-11-07 04:14:55 +00:00			`.It Fl r`
mdoc(7) police: removed hard sentence breaks. 2001-09-04 09:28:48 +00:00			`Reverses the format of the output.`
			`This helps with visual diffs.`
			`Does nothing`
Remove whitespace at EOL. 2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00			`when combined with the`
Make `-r -s' also match the BSDI output. 1999-11-11 11:59:03 +00:00			`.Fl ptx`
Add a new "-r" (right) option that reverses the order a filename and the hash is printed. This aids visual diffs. 1999-11-07 04:14:55 +00:00			`options.`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.It Fl t`
Correct use of .Nm. Spelling. Add rcsid, remove unused #includes, use err(3). 1998-07-06 07:04:50 +00:00			`Run a built-in time trial.`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.It Fl x`
Correct use of .Nm. Spelling. Add rcsid, remove unused #includes, use err(3). 1998-07-06 07:04:50 +00:00			`Run a built-in test script.`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.El`
Added the EXIT STATUS section where appropriate. 2005-01-17 07:44:44 +00:00			`.Sh EXIT STATUS`
Set exit code to 1 in case at least one of the input files could not be opened. 2003-11-02 23:12:08 +00:00			`The`
Belatedly update the md5(1) man page to reflect the addition of sha256. 2005-03-10 09:56:39 +00:00			`.Nm md5 , sha1 , sha256`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`and`
			`.Nm rmd160`
			`utilities exit 0 on success,`
Assorted markup, grammar, and spelling fixes. 2004-05-17 08:35:43 +00:00			`and 1 if at least one of the input files could not be read.`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.Sh SEE ALSO`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`.Xr cksum 1 ,`
			`.Xr md5 3 ,`
			`.Xr ripemd 3 ,`
Belatedly update the md5(1) man page to reflect the addition of sha256. 2005-03-10 09:56:39 +00:00			`.Xr sha 3 ,`
			`.Xr sha256 3`
mdoc'ify man page 1997-03-02 21:43:10 +00:00			`.Rs`
			`.%A R. Rivest`
			`.%T The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm`
			`.%O RFC1321`
			`.Re`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`.Rs`
			`.%A J. Burrows`
			`.%T The Secure Hash Standard`
Belatedly update the md5(1) man page to reflect the addition of sha256. 2005-03-10 09:56:39 +00:00			`.%O FIPS PUB 180-2`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`.Re`
			`.Rs`
			`.%A D. Eastlake and P. Jones`
			`.%T US Secure Hash Algorithm 1`
			`.%O RFC 3174`
			`.Re`
			`.Pp`
			`RIPEMD-160 is part of the ISO draft standard`
			`.Qq ISO/IEC DIS 10118-3`
			`on dedicated hash functions.`
			`.Pp`
			`Secure Hash Standard (SHS):`
			`.Pa http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/shs.html .`
			`.Pp`
			`The RIPEMD-160 page:`
			`.Pa http://www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/~bosselae/ripemd160.html .`
Correct use of .Nm. Spelling. Add rcsid, remove unused #includes, use err(3). 1998-07-06 07:04:50 +00:00			`.Sh ACKNOWLEDGMENTS`
Incorproate version of md5 placed into public domain by RSA. 1994-10-29 23:58:02 +00:00			`This program is placed in the public domain for free general use by`
			`RSA Data Security.`
Add sha1 and rmd160 checksum tools. Since the algorithms are already supported in libmd, the size increase is small when a dynamic root is used. Approved by: joerg, ru MFC after: 2 weeks 2004-06-11 16:07:02 +00:00			`.Pp`
			`Support for SHA-1 and RIPEMD-160 has been added by`
			`.An Oliver Eikemeier Aq eik@FreeBSD.org .`