1994-05-27 05:00:24 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)access.2 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/1/94
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1999-08-28 00:22:10 +00:00
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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1994-05-27 05:00:24 +00:00
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.\"
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.Dd April 1, 1994
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.Dt ACCESS 2
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.Os BSD 4
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm access
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.Nd check access permissions of a file or pathname
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <unistd.h>
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.Ft int
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.Fn access "const char *path" "int mode"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn access
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function checks the accessibility of the
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file named by
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.Fa path
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for the access permissions indicated by
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.Fa mode .
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The value of
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.Fa mode
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is the bitwise inclusive OR of the access permissions to be
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checked
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.Pf ( Dv R_OK
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for read permission,
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.Dv W_OK
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for write permission and
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.Dv X_OK
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for execute/search permission) or the existence test,
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.Dv F_OK .
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All components of the pathname
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.Fa path
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are checked for access permissions (including
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.Dv F_OK ) .
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.Pp
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The real user ID is used in place of the effective user ID
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and the real group access list
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(including the real group ID) are
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used in place of the effective ID for verifying permission.
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.Pp
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Even if a process has appropriate privileges and indicates success for
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.Dv X_OK ,
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the file may not actually have execute permission bits set.
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Likewise for
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.Dv R_OK
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and
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.Dv W_OK .
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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If
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.Fa path
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cannot be found or if any of the desired access modes would
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not be granted, then a -1 value is returned; otherwise
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a 0 value is returned.
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.Sh ERRORS
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Access to the file is denied if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
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A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
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.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
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A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters,
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or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters.
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.It Bq Er ENOENT
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The named file does not exist.
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.It Bq Er ELOOP
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Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
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.It Bq Er EROFS
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Write access is requested for a file on a read-only file system.
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.It Bq Er ETXTBSY
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Write access is requested for a pure procedure (shared text)
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file presently being executed.
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.It Bq Er EACCES
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Permission bits of the file mode do not permit the requested
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access, or search permission is denied on a component of the
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path prefix. The owner of a file has permission checked with
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respect to the ``owner'' read, write, and execute mode bits,
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members of the file's group other than the owner have permission
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checked with respect to the ``group'' mode bits, and all
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others have permissions checked with respect to the ``other''
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mode bits.
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.It Bq Er EFAULT
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.Fa Path
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points outside the process's allocated address space.
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.It Bq Er EIO
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An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chmod 2 ,
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.Xr stat 2
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.Sh STANDARDS
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1996-12-02 20:03:58 +00:00
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The
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.Fn access
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function call is expected to conform to
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.St -p1003.1-90 .
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1994-05-27 05:00:24 +00:00
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.Sh CAVEAT
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.Fn Access
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is a potential security hole and
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should never be used.
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1996-08-29 21:24:19 +00:00
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.Sh HISTORY
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An
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.Fn access
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function call appeared in
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.At v7 .
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