freebsd-skq/share/man/man7/hier.7

.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
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.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
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.\"	@(#)hier.7	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd June 5, 1993
.Dt HIER 7
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm hier
.Nd layout of filesystems
.Sh DESCRIPTION
A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.
.Bl -tag -width "/stand/"
.It Li /
root directory of the filesystem
.It Li /bin/
user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
.It Li /boot/
programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width defaults/ -compact
.It Li defaults/
default bootstrapping configuration files; see
.Xr loader.conf 5
.El
.It Li /dev/
block and character device files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width MAKEDEV -compact
.It Li MAKEDEV
script for creating device files;
see
.Xr MAKEDEV 8
.It Li fd/ 
file descriptor files;
see
.Xr \&fd 4
.El
.It Li /etc/
system configuration files and scripts 
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "disklabels/" -compact
.It Li defaults/
default system configuration files;
see
.Xr rc 8
.It Li gnats/
gnats configuration files;
see
.Xr send-pr 1
.It Li isdn/
isdn4bsd configuration files;
see
.Xr isdnd 8
.It Li kerberosIV/ 
configuration files for the kerberos version IV;
see
.Xr kerberos 1
.It Li localtime
local timezone information;
see
.Xr ctime 3
.It Li mail/
spam-filtering information
.It Li mtree/ 
mtree configuration files;
see
.Xr mtree 8
.It Li namedb/ 
named configuration files;
see
.Xr named 8
.It Li periodic/
scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
.Xr cron 8 ;
see
.Xr periodic 8
.It Li ppp/
.Xr ppp 8 
ppp configuration files;
see 
.Xr ppp 8
.It Li uucp/
uucp configuration files;
see
.Xr uucp 1
.El
.It Li /kernel
pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
at boot time).  
.It Li /modules/
loadable kernel modules;
see 
.Xr kldstat 8 
.It Li /mnt/
empty directory commonly used by
system administrators as a temporary mount point
.It Li /proc/
process file system;
see
.Xr procfs 5 ,
.Xr mount_procfs 8
.It Li /root/
root's HOME directory
.It Li /sbin/
system programs and administration utilities
fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
.It Li /stand/
programs used in a standalone environment
.It Li /tmp/ 
temporary files, usually a
.Xr mfs 8
memory-based filesystem (the contents
of /tmp are usually NOT preserved across a system reboot)
.It Li /usr/
contains the majority of user utilities and applications 
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "libdata/" -compact
.It Li bin/
common utilities, programming tools, and applications 
.It Li games/
useful and semi-frivolous programs
.It Li include/
standard C include files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li arpa/
C include files for Internet service protocols
.It Li g++/
GNU C++ include files
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li std/
GNU C++ libstdc++ include files
.El
.It Li isofs/
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li cd9660/
iso9660 filesystem
.El
.It Li kerberosIV/
C include files for kerberos authentication package;
see
.Xr kerberos 1
.It Li machine/
machine specific C include files
.It Li msdosfs/
MS-DOS file system
.It Li net/
misc network C include files
.It Li netatalk/
Appletalk protocol
.It Li netatm/
ATM include files;
see
.Xr atm 8
.It Li netinet/
C include files for Internet standard protocols;
see
.Xr inet 4
.It Li netinet6/
C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
see
.Xr inet6 4
.It Li netipx/
IPX/SPX protocol stacks
.It Li netkey/
kernel key-management service
.It Li netns/
Xerox NS protocols
.It Li nfs/
C include files for NFS (Network File System)
.It Li objc/
Objective C include files
.It Li pccard/
PC-CARD controllers
.It Li posix4/
POSIX real-time extensions includes;
see
.Xr p1003_1b 9
.It Li protocols/
C include files for Berkeley service protocols
.It Li readline/
get a line from a user with editing;
see
.Xr readline 3
.It Li rpc/
remote procedure calls;
see
.Xr rpc 3
.It Li rpcsvc/
defintion of RPC service structures; see
.Xr rpc 3 .
.It Li security/
PAM; see
.Xr pam 8
.It Li ss/
MIT SIPB
.Sq subsystem
library, part of Kerberos IV.
.It Li sys/
system C include files (kernel data structures)
.\" .It Li tcl/
.\" Tcl language;
.\" see
.\" .Xr Tcl n
.\" .Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.\" .It Li generic/
.\" ???
.\" .It Li unix/
.\" ???
.\" .El
.It Li ufs/
C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li ffs/
Fast filesystem
.It Li mfs/
memory file system;
see
.Xr mount_mfs 8
.It Li ufs/
UFS filesystem
.El
.It Li vm/
virtual memory;
see 
.Xr vmstat 8
.El
.Pp
.It Li lib/
archive libraries
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li compat/
shared libraries for compatibility
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li aout/
a.out backward compatibility libraries
.El
.El
.Pp
.It Li libdata/
misc. utility data files
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li gcc/
???
.It Li lint/
various prebuilt lint libraries;
see 
.Xr lint 1
.It Li msdosfs/
Chatacter set conversion tables
.It Li perl/
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li 5.00503/
contains Perl modules for Perl version 5.00503;
see
.Xr perl 1
.El
.It Li stallion/
holding the download firmware images
.It Li tcl
???;
see
.Xr Tcl n
.El
.Pp
.It Li libexec/
system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li aout/
utilities to manipulate a.out executables.
.It Li elf/
utilities to manipulate ELF executables.
.It Li lpr/
utilities and filters for LP print system;
see
.Xr lpr 1
.It Li sm.bin/
restricted shell for sendmail;
see 
.Xr smrsh 8
.It Li uucp/
uucp utilities;
see
.Xr uucp 1
.El
.Pp
.It Li local/
local executables, libraries, etc.
.br
Also used as the default destination for the
.Tn FreeBSD
ports framework.
Within local/, the general layout sketched out by
.Xr hier 7
for /usr
should be used.  Exceptions are the man directory is directly under local/
rather than under local/share/.  Ports documentation is in share/doc/<port>/
.It Li mdec/
boot programs;
see
.Xr disklabel 8
.It Li obj/
architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree
.It Li ports
The
.Tn FreeBSD
ports collection (optional).
.It Li sbin/
system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
.It Li share/
architecture-independent files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "calendar/" -compact
.It Li calendar/
a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
see
.Xr calendar 1
.It Li dict/
word lists;
see
.Xr look 1
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li words
common words
.It Li web2
words from Webster's 2nd International
.It Li papers/
reference databases;
see
.Xr refer 1
.It Li special/
custom word lists;
see
.Xr spell 1
.El
.Pp
.It Li doc/
misc documentation;
src for most of the printed
.Bx
manuals (available
from the
.Tn USENIX
association)
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li FAQ/
Frequently Asked Questions
.It Li handbook/
.Tn FreeBSD
Handbook
.It Li papers/
UNIX Papers
.It Li psd/
UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents
.It Li smm/
UNIX System Manager's Manual
.It Li usd/
UNIX User's Supplementary Documents
.El
.Pp
.It Li examples/
various examples for users and programmers
.It Li games/
ASCII text files used by various games
.It Li groff_font/
device description file for device name
.It Li info/
GNU Info hypertext system
.It Li isdn/
ISDN
.It Li libg++/
libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
.It Li locale/
internationalization files;
see
.Xr setlocale 3
.It Li man/
manual pages 
.It Li me/
macros for use with the me macro package
.It Li misc/
misc system-wide ASCII text files
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li fonts/
???
.It Li pcvtfonts/
pcvt fonts;
see
.Xr pcvt 4
.It Li termcap
terminal characteristics database;
see
.Xr termcap 5
.El
.It Li mk/
templates for make;
see
.Xr make 1
.It Li nls/
national language support files;
see 
.Xr mklocale 1
.It Li pcvt/
pcvt documentation and etc examples;
see
.Xr pcvt 4
.It Li perl/
perl library files;
see
.Xr perl 1
.It Li skel/
example . (dot) files for new accounts
.It Li syscons/
console staff;
see
.Xr syscons 4
.Bl -tag -width "scrnmaps/xx" -compact
.It Li fonts/
console fonts;
see
.Xr vidcontrol 1
and
.Xr vidfont 1
.It Li keymaps/
console keyboard maps;
see
.Xr kbdcontrol 1
and
.Xr kbdmap 1
.It Li scrnmaps/
console screen maps
.El
.It Li tabset/
tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in 
the termcap file;
see
.Xr termcap 5
.It Li tmac/
text processing macros;
see
.Xr nroff 1
and 
.Xr troff 1
.It Li vi/
localization support and utilities for
.Xr vi 1 .
.It Li zoneinfo/
timezone configuration information;
see
.Xr tzfile 5
.El
.It Li src/
BSD and/or local source files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "kerberosIV/" -compact
.It Li bin/
src for files in /bin 
.It Li contrib/
src for file from contributed software
.It Li crypto
DES
.It Li etc/
src for files in /etc
.It Li games/
src for files in /usr/games
.It Li gnu/
Utilities covered by the GNU Public License
.It Li include/
src for files in /usr/include
.It Li kerberosIV/
src for kerberos version IV
.It Li lib/
src for files in /usr/lib
.It Li libexec/
src for files in /usr/libexec
.It Li release/
files required to produce a
.Tn FreeBSD 
release
.It Li sbin/
src for files in /sbin
.It Li secure
FreeSec sources
.It Li share/
src for files in /usr/share
.It Li sys/
kernel src files
.It Li tools/
tools used for maintaince and testing of FreeBSD
.It Li usr.bin/
src for files in /usr/bin
.It Li usr.sbin/
src for files in /usr/sbin
.El
.Pp
.It Li X11R6/
X11R6 distribution executables, libraries, etc (optional).
.Bl -tag -width "include/" -compact
.It Li bin/
X11R6 binaries (servers, utilities, local packages/ports).
.It Li etc/
X11R6 configuration files and scripts.
.It Li include/
X11R6 include files.
.It Li lib/
X11R6 libraries.
.It Li man/
X11R6 manual pages.
.It Li share/
architecture independant files.
.El
.El
.It Li /var/
multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
.It Li account/ 
system accounting files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li acct
execution accounting file;
see
.Xr acct 5
.El
.Pp
.It Li at/
timed command scheduling files;
see
.Xr \&at 1
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
.It Li jobs/
directory containing job files
.It Li spool/
directory containing output spool files 
.El
.Pp
.It Li backups/
misc. backup files
.It Li crash/
default drectory to store kernel crash dumps; see
.Xr crash 8
and
.Xr savecore 8 .
.It Li cron/
.Bl -tag -width "preserve/" -compact
.It Li log
cron log files;
see
.Xr cron 8
.It Li tabs/
crontab files;
see
.Xr crontab 5
.El
.Pp
.It Li db/ 
misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
.It Li games/ 
misc. game status and score files
.It Li log/ 
misc. system log files
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li wtmp
login/logout log;
see
.Xr wtmp 5
.El
.Pp
.It Li mail/ 
user mailbox files
.It Li preserve/
temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
of an editor;
see
.Xr \&ex 1 
.It Li msgs/
system messages database;
see
.Xr msgs 1
.It Li quotas/ 
filesystem quota information files
.It Li run/
system information files describing various info about
system since it was booted
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li utmp
database of current users;
see
.Xr utmp 5
.El
.Pp
.It Li rwho/ 
rwho data files;
see
.Xr rwhod 8 ,
.Xr rwho 1 ,
and
.Xr ruptime 1
.It Li spool/ 
misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li ftp/ 
commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory
.It Li mqueue/ 
undelivered mail queue;
see
.Xr sendmail 8
.It Li output/
line printer spooling directories
.It Li secretmail/ 
secretmail spool directory;
see
.Xr xget 1
.It Li uucp/ 
uucp spool directory
.It Li uucppublic/
commonly ~uucp; public uucp temporary directory
.El
.Pp
.It Li tmp/ 
temporary files that are kept between system reboots
.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
.It Li vi.recover/
the directory where recovery files are stored
.El
.It Li yp
the NIS maps
.El
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr apropos 1 ,
.Xr find 1 ,
.Xr finger 1 ,
.Xr grep 1 ,
.Xr ls 1 ,
.Xr whatis 1 ,
.Xr whereis 1 ,
.Xr which 1 ,
.Xr fsck 8
.Sh HISTORY
A
.Nm hier
manual page appeared in
.At v7 .