2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
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<!--
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2009-05-31 00:11:36 +00:00
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- Copyright (C) 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
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- Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Internet Software Consortium.
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-
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- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
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- purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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- copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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-
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- THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
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- REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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- AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
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2009-06-25 18:50:46 +00:00
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<!-- $Id: man.named.html,v 1.99.14.8 2009/06/04 03:07:24 tbox Exp $ -->
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2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.1">
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<link rel="start" href="Bv9ARM.html" title="BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual">
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<link rel="up" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html" title="Manual pages">
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<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
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<tr><th colspan="3" align="center"><span class="application">named</span></th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td width="20%" align="left">
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<a accesskey="p" href="man.named-checkzone.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td>
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<th width="60%" align="center">Manual pages</th>
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<td width="20%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="man.nsupdate.html">Next</a>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<hr>
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</div>
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<div class="refentry" lang="en">
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<a name="man.named"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
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<div class="refnamediv">
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<h2>Name</h2>
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<p><span class="application">named</span> — Internet domain name server</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
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<h2>Synopsis</h2>
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<div class="cmdsynopsis"><p><code class="command">named</code> [<code class="option">-4</code>] [<code class="option">-6</code>] [<code class="option">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-f</code>] [<code class="option">-g</code>] [<code class="option">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-s</code>] [<code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></code>] [<code class="option">-v</code>] [<code class="option">-V</code>] [<code class="option">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></code>]</p></div>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
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<a name="id2610090"></a><h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
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<p><span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
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is a Domain Name System (DNS) server,
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part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more
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information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035.
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</p>
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<p>
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When invoked without arguments, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span>
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will
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read the default configuration file
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<code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>, read any initial
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data, and listen for queries.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
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<a name="id2610121"></a><h2>OPTIONS</h2>
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<div class="variablelist"><dl>
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<dt><span class="term">-4</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6.
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<code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
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exclusive.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-6</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4.
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<code class="option">-4</code> and <code class="option">-6</code> are mutually
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exclusive.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-c <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Use <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> as the
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configuration file instead of the default,
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<code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code>. To
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ensure that reloading the configuration file continues
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to work after the server has changed its working
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directory due to to a possible
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<code class="option">directory</code> option in the configuration
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file, <em class="replaceable"><code>config-file</code></em> should be
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an absolute pathname.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Set the daemon's debug level to <em class="replaceable"><code>debug-level</code></em>.
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Debugging traces from <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> become
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more verbose as the debug level increases.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-f</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-g</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Run the server in the foreground and force all logging
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to <code class="filename">stderr</code>.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-m <em class="replaceable"><code>flag</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
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<em class="replaceable"><code>usage</code></em>,
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<em class="replaceable"><code>trace</code></em>,
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<em class="replaceable"><code>record</code></em>,
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<em class="replaceable"><code>size</code></em>, and
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<em class="replaceable"><code>mctx</code></em>.
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These correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
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<code class="filename"><isc/mem.h></code>.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-n <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Create <em class="replaceable"><code>#cpus</code></em> worker threads
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to take advantage of multiple CPUs. If not specified,
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<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> will try to determine the
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number of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU.
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If it is unable to determine the number of CPUs, a
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single worker thread will be created.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Listen for queries on port <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em>. If not
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specified, the default is port 53.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-s</span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Write memory usage statistics to <code class="filename">stdout</code> on exit.
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</p>
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<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
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<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
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<p>
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This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers
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and may be removed or changed in a future release.
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</p>
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</div>
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</dd>
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2008-12-23 18:35:21 +00:00
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<dt><span class="term">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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<p>
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Allow <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> to use up to
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<em class="replaceable"><code>#max-socks</code></em> sockets.
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</p>
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<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
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<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
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<p>
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This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority
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of users.
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The use of this option could even be harmful because the
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specified value may exceed the limitation of the
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underlying system API.
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It is therefore set only when the default configuration
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causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
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operational environment is known to support the
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specified number of sockets.
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Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little
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fewer than the specified value because
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<span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> reserves some file descriptors
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for its internal use.
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</p>
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</div>
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</dd>
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2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
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<dt><span class="term">-t <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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2007-12-02 19:10:41 +00:00
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<p>Chroot
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to <em class="replaceable"><code>directory</code></em> after
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processing the command line arguments, but before
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reading the configuration file.
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</p>
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<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
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<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
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<p>
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This option should be used in conjunction with the
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<code class="option">-u</code> option, as chrooting a process
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running as root doesn't enhance security on most
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2007-12-02 19:10:41 +00:00
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systems; the way <code class="function">chroot(2)</code> is
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defined allows a process with root privileges to
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escape a chroot jail.
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</p>
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</div>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-u <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em></span></dt>
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<dd>
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2007-12-02 19:10:41 +00:00
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<p>Setuid
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to <em class="replaceable"><code>user</code></em> after completing
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privileged operations, such as creating sockets that
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listen on privileged ports.
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</p>
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<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
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<h3 class="title">Note</h3>
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<p>
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On Linux, <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> uses the kernel's
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capability mechanism to drop all root privileges
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2007-12-02 19:10:41 +00:00
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except the ability to <code class="function">bind(2)</code> to
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a
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privileged port and set process resource limits.
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Unfortunately, this means that the <code class="option">-u</code>
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option only works when <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> is
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run
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on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or
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later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges
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to be retained after <code class="function">setuid(2)</code>.
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</p>
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</div>
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</dd>
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<dt><span class="term">-v</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Report the version number and exit.
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</p></dd>
|
2009-05-31 00:11:36 +00:00
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<dt><span class="term">-V</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Report the version number and build options, and exit.
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</p></dd>
|
2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
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<dt><span class="term">-x <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em></span></dt>
|
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<dd>
|
|
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<p>
|
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Load data from <em class="replaceable"><code>cache-file</code></em> into the
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cache of the default view.
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</p>
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|
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
|
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<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
|
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<p>
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This option must not be used. It is only of interest
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to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a
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future release.
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</p>
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</div>
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</dd>
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</dl></div>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2009-06-25 18:50:46 +00:00
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<a name="id2610584"></a><h2>SIGNALS</h2>
|
2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
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<p>
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In routine operation, signals should not be used to control
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|
the nameserver; <span><strong class="command">rndc</strong></span> should be used
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instead.
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</p>
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<div class="variablelist"><dl>
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<dt><span class="term">SIGHUP</span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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Force a reload of the server.
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</p></dd>
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<dt><span class="term">SIGINT, SIGTERM</span></dt>
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|
<dd><p>
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Shut down the server.
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</p></dd>
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</dl></div>
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<p>
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The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2009-06-25 18:50:46 +00:00
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<a name="id2612204"></a><h2>CONFIGURATION</h2>
|
2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
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<p>
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The <span><strong class="command">named</strong></span> configuration file is too complex
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to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided
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in the
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<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2009-06-25 18:50:46 +00:00
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|
<a name="id2612292"></a><h2>FILES</h2>
|
2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
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<div class="variablelist"><dl>
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<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/etc/named.conf</code></span></dt>
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<dd><p>
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|
The default configuration file.
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</p></dd>
|
2009-05-31 00:11:36 +00:00
|
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|
<dt><span class="term"><code class="filename">/var/run/named/named.pid</code></span></dt>
|
2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
|
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|
<dd><p>
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|
The default process-id file.
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</p></dd>
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</dl></div>
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</div>
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|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2009-06-25 18:50:46 +00:00
|
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|
<a name="id2612336"></a><h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
|
2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
|
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|
|
<p><em class="citetitle">RFC 1033</em>,
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|
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1034</em>,
|
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|
|
|
|
<em class="citetitle">RFC 1035</em>,
|
2007-12-02 19:10:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkconf</span>(8)</span>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named-checkzone</span>(8)</span>,
|
2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rndc</span>(8)</span>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">lwresd</span>(8)</span>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">named.conf</span>(5)</span>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
<em class="citetitle">BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual</em>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</p>
|
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|
|
</div>
|
|
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|
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
|
2009-06-25 18:50:46 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<a name="id2612406"></a><h2>AUTHOR</h2>
|
2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<p><span class="corpauthor">Internet Systems Consortium</span>
|
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|
</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<tr>
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<td width="40%" align="left">
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<a accesskey="p" href="man.named-checkzone.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td>
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<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="Bv9ARM.ch10.html">Up</a></td>
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2009-05-31 00:11:36 +00:00
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<td width="40%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="man.nsupdate.html">Next</a>
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2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
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<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="Bv9ARM.html">Home</a></td>
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<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD><span class="application">nsupdate</span>
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2007-06-02 23:21:47 +00:00
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