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.\"-
.\" Copyright (c) 2011-2013 Nathan Whitehorn <nwhitehorn@FreeBSD.org> All rights reserved.
.\" Copyright (c) 2018 Roberto Fernandez Cueto <roberfern@gmail.com>
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.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
.\" INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
.\" (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
.\" SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
.\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
.\" ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd October 4, 2018
.Dt BSDINSTALL 8
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.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm bsdinstall
.Nd system installer
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
A series of changes tested together as a whole: + Add a `-D FILE" command-line option for overriding the path to the bsdinstall log file (BSDINSTALL_LOG env var). + Document new `-D FILE' in the man page for bsdinstall. + If FILE in `-D FILE' begins with a +, debug output goes to stdout (interleaved between dialog(1) invocations/output) as well as to FILE (minus the leading + of course). + If BSDINSTALL_LOG cannot be written, then debugging is disabled (except in the case of a leading + in the pathname, wherein debug will still be printed to stdout). + Update source code formatting style. + Fix a dangling participle ("Begun ..." -> "Began ...") + Rewrite the docsinstall script (was necessary to abate direct dependency on BSDINSTALL_LOG (instead, use fault-tolerant bsdconfig framework which displays appropriate errors for package management). NB: docsinstall is still using pkg(8) after this change. + Add additional debug output for dhclient/rtsol/wpa_cliscan + Display script errors in a textbox rather than just on stdout + Update many coments. + Add new f_show_err() API call (like f_show_msg but changes the dialog title to "Error")(see bsdconfig's `common.subr'). + Add new f_eval_catch() API call for executing a command via eval but not before logging the command to debug. Several example cases documented in API header for function in bsdconfig's `common.subr'. + Fix dialog auto-sizing when launched as an rvalue to a pipe for indirected scripts (previously would default to 24x80 sizing in this case, now it can autosize to full size even when in a pipe chain). + Fix bug in f_snprintf if $format argument began with "-"; printf would misinterpret as a flag. (this is in bsdcofig's `strings.subr'). + Add accompanying f_sprintf() and f_vsprintf() to go along with already existing f_snprintf() and f_vsnprintf() (see bsdconfig's `strings.subr'). + Remove some unnecessary default ZFS datasets from the automatic "zfsboot" script. Such as: /usr/ports/distfiles /usr/ports/packages /usr/obj /var/db /var/empty /var/mail and /var/run (these can all be created as-needed once the system is installed). + Remove setuid=off for /usr/home (as discussed from last round of CFT). + Fix some i18n string violations in "zfsboot". + Bolster debugging output in "zfsboot". + Fix some string quoting issues in "zfsboot". + Fix some variable scope issues in "zfsboot". + Change "Create" to "Install" in "zfsboot" main menu. + Increase error checking in "zfsboot" (type-check arguments and such). + Add call to "graid destroy" killing automatic metadata (part of the series of pedantic destructions we do when bootstrapping a new/naked disk). + Make judicious use of new f_eval_catch() in "zfsboot". + Fixup some variable names for consistency (zfsboot). + Fix an underride syntax parameter expansion folly (zfsboot). + Confirm layout if not explicitly chosen when blindly proceeding (no longer have to touch anything on the ZFS menu if it scares you, just choose the omnibus "Install" option at the top and you'll be prompted to select vdev type and disks in the layout confirmation dialog). + Change numbered menu items to alphabetic for more efficient navigation. + Consolidate vdev selection and disk selection into a single stateful menu which performs validation and allows backing out to each previous menu as you go deeper. + Redesign the ``Last Chance'' dialog (still using the same colors, but make it conform to a tolerable width and make disks appear in a block- quote style indented region). + Fix a bug wherein we used the a lowercase variable name by accident (actual variable name declared as all-uppercase) at the time of initializing fstab(5) (not believed to cause any issues though). + Update the geli setup infobox for each provider being initialized (not just at the onset -- since each ``geli init'' causes kernel messages to push our infobox off-screen). Reviewed by: Allan Jude <freebsd@allanjude.com> Discussed on: -current MFC after: 3 days
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.Op Ar options
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.Op Ar target
.Op Ar ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm
is used for installation of new systems, both for system setup from
installation media, e.g., CD-ROMs, and for use on live systems to prepare
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VM images and jails.
.Pp
Much like
.Xr make 1 , Nm
takes a target and possible parameters of the target as arguments.
If invoked with no arguments, it will invoke the
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.Cm auto
target, which provides a standard interactive installation, invoking the
others in sequence.
To perform a scripted installation,
these subtargets can be invoked separately by an installation script.
A series of changes tested together as a whole: + Add a `-D FILE" command-line option for overriding the path to the bsdinstall log file (BSDINSTALL_LOG env var). + Document new `-D FILE' in the man page for bsdinstall. + If FILE in `-D FILE' begins with a +, debug output goes to stdout (interleaved between dialog(1) invocations/output) as well as to FILE (minus the leading + of course). + If BSDINSTALL_LOG cannot be written, then debugging is disabled (except in the case of a leading + in the pathname, wherein debug will still be printed to stdout). + Update source code formatting style. + Fix a dangling participle ("Begun ..." -> "Began ...") + Rewrite the docsinstall script (was necessary to abate direct dependency on BSDINSTALL_LOG (instead, use fault-tolerant bsdconfig framework which displays appropriate errors for package management). NB: docsinstall is still using pkg(8) after this change. + Add additional debug output for dhclient/rtsol/wpa_cliscan + Display script errors in a textbox rather than just on stdout + Update many coments. + Add new f_show_err() API call (like f_show_msg but changes the dialog title to "Error")(see bsdconfig's `common.subr'). + Add new f_eval_catch() API call for executing a command via eval but not before logging the command to debug. Several example cases documented in API header for function in bsdconfig's `common.subr'. + Fix dialog auto-sizing when launched as an rvalue to a pipe for indirected scripts (previously would default to 24x80 sizing in this case, now it can autosize to full size even when in a pipe chain). + Fix bug in f_snprintf if $format argument began with "-"; printf would misinterpret as a flag. (this is in bsdcofig's `strings.subr'). + Add accompanying f_sprintf() and f_vsprintf() to go along with already existing f_snprintf() and f_vsnprintf() (see bsdconfig's `strings.subr'). + Remove some unnecessary default ZFS datasets from the automatic "zfsboot" script. Such as: /usr/ports/distfiles /usr/ports/packages /usr/obj /var/db /var/empty /var/mail and /var/run (these can all be created as-needed once the system is installed). + Remove setuid=off for /usr/home (as discussed from last round of CFT). + Fix some i18n string violations in "zfsboot". + Bolster debugging output in "zfsboot". + Fix some string quoting issues in "zfsboot". + Fix some variable scope issues in "zfsboot". + Change "Create" to "Install" in "zfsboot" main menu. + Increase error checking in "zfsboot" (type-check arguments and such). + Add call to "graid destroy" killing automatic metadata (part of the series of pedantic destructions we do when bootstrapping a new/naked disk). + Make judicious use of new f_eval_catch() in "zfsboot". + Fixup some variable names for consistency (zfsboot). + Fix an underride syntax parameter expansion folly (zfsboot). + Confirm layout if not explicitly chosen when blindly proceeding (no longer have to touch anything on the ZFS menu if it scares you, just choose the omnibus "Install" option at the top and you'll be prompted to select vdev type and disks in the layout confirmation dialog). + Change numbered menu items to alphabetic for more efficient navigation. + Consolidate vdev selection and disk selection into a single stateful menu which performs validation and allows backing out to each previous menu as you go deeper. + Redesign the ``Last Chance'' dialog (still using the same colors, but make it conform to a tolerable width and make disks appear in a block- quote style indented region). + Fix a bug wherein we used the a lowercase variable name by accident (actual variable name declared as all-uppercase) at the time of initializing fstab(5) (not believed to cause any issues though). + Update the geli setup infobox for each provider being initialized (not just at the onset -- since each ``geli init'' causes kernel messages to push our infobox off-screen). Reviewed by: Allan Jude <freebsd@allanjude.com> Discussed on: -current MFC after: 3 days
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.Sh OPTIONS
.Nm
supports the following options, global to all targets:
.Bl -tag -width indent+
.It Fl D Ar file
Provide a path for the installation log file
.Pq overrides Ev BSDINSTALL_LOG .
See
.Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
for more information on
.Ev BSDINSTALL_LOG .
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.El
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.Sh TARGETS
Most of the following targets are only useful for scripting the installer.
For interactive use, most users will be interested only in the
.Cm auto ,
.Cm jail ,
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and
.Cm script
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targets.
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm jail Ar destination"
.It Cm auto
Run the standard interactive installation, including disk partitioning.
.It Cm jail Ar destination
Sets up a new chroot system at
.Pa destination ,
suitable for use with
.Xr jail 8 .
Behavior is generally similar to
.Cm auto ,
except that disk partitioning and network setup are skipped and a kernel is
not installed into the new system.
.It Cm script Ar script
Runs the installation script at
.Pa script .
See
.Sx SCRIPTING
for more information on this target.
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.It Cm keymap
If the current controlling TTY is a
.Xr syscons 4
or
.Xr vt 4
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console, asks the user to set the current keymap, and saves the result to the
new system's
.Pa rc.conf .
.It Cm hostname
Prompts the user for a host name for the new system and saves the result to the
new system's
.Pa rc.conf .
If
.Ev BSDINSTALL_CONFIGCURRENT
is set, also sets the host name of the current system.
.It Cm netconfig
Interactively configures network interfaces (first invoking
.Cm wlanconfig
on wireless interfaces), saving the result to the new system's
.Pa rc.conf
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and
.Pa resolv.conf .
If
.Ev BSDINSTALL_CONFIGCURRENT
is set, also configures the network interfaces of the current system to match.
.It Cm autopart
Provides the installer's interactive guided disk partitioner for single-disk
installations.
Defaults to UFS.
.It Cm zfsboot
Provides an alternative ZFS-only automatic interactive disk partitioner.
Creates a single
.Ic zpool
with separate datasets for
.Pa /tmp ,
.Pa /usr ,
.Pa /usr/home ,
.Pa /usr/ports ,
.Pa /usr/src ,
and
.Pa /var .
Optionally can set up
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.Xr geli 8
to encrypt the disk.
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.It Cm partedit
Provides the installer's interactive manual disk partitioner with an interface
identical to
.Xr sade 8 .
Supports multiple disks as well as UFS, ZFS, and FAT file systems.
ZFS is set up with one pool and dataset per partition.
.It Cm scriptedpart Ar parameters
Sets up disks like
.Cm autopart
and
.Cm partedit ,
but non-interactively according to the disk setup specified in
.Ar parameters .
Each disk setup is specified by a three-part argument:
.Pp
.Ar disk
.Op Ar scheme
.Op Ar {partitions}
.Pp
Multiple disk setups are separated by semicolons.
The
.Ar disk
argument specifies the disk on which to operate (which will be erased),
while the
.Ar scheme
argument specifies the
.Xr gpart 8
partition scheme to apply to the disk.
If
.Ar scheme
is unspecified,
.Cm scriptedpart
will apply the default bootable scheme on your platform.
The
.Ar partitions
argument is also optional and specifies how to partition
.Ar disk .
It consists of a comma-separated list of partitions to create enclosed in
curly braces.
Each partition declaration takes the form
.Pp
.Ar size
.Ar type
.Op Ar mount point
.Pp
.Ar size
specifies the partition size to create in bytes (K, M, and G suffixes
can be appended to specify kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes respectively),
while the
.Em auto
keyword causes the partition to take all the remaining space on the disk.
The
.Ar type
option chooses the
.Xr gpart 8
filesystem type, e.g., freebsd-ufs, freebsd-zfs, or freebsd-swap.
The optional
.Ar mount point
argument sets where the created partition is to be mounted in the installed
system.
As an example, a typical invocation looks like:
.Pp
bsdinstall scriptedpart ada0 { 20G freebsd-ufs /, 4G freebsd-swap, 20G freebsd-ufs /var, auto freebsd-ufs /usr }
.Pp
A shorter invocation to use the default partitioning (as
.Cm autopart
would have used) on the same disk:
.Pp
bsdinstall scriptedpart ada0
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.It Cm mount
Mounts the file systems previously configured by
.Cm autopart ,
.Cm partedit ,
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or
.Cm scriptedpart
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under
.Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT .
.It Cm distfetch
Fetches the distributions in
.Ev DISTRIBUTIONS
to
.Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR
from
.Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE .
.It Cm checksum
Verifies the checksums of the distributions listed in
.Ev DISTRIBUTIONS
against the distribution manifest.
.It Cm distextract
Extracts the distributions listed in
.Ev DISTRIBUTIONS
into
.Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT .
.It Cm rootpass
Interactively invokes
.Xr passwd 1
in the new system to set the root user's password.
.It Cm adduser
Interactively invokes
.Xr adduser 8
in the new system.
.It Cm time
Interactively sets the time, date, and time zone of the new system.
.It Cm services
Queries the user for the system daemons to begin at system startup,
writing the result into the new system's
.Pa rc.conf .
.It Cm entropy
Reads a small amount of data from
.Pa /dev/random
and stores it in a file in the new system's root directory.
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.It Cm config
Installs the configuration files destined for the new system, e.g.,
.Xr rc.conf 5
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fragments generated by
.Cm netconfig ,
etc.) onto the new system.
.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables control various aspects of the installation
process.
Many are used internally during installation and have reasonable default values
for most installation scenarios.
Others are set by various interactive user prompts, and can be usefully
overridden when making scripted or customized installers.
.Bl -tag -width ".Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE"
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.It Ev DISTRIBUTIONS
The set of distributions to install, e.g., "base kernel ports".
Default: unset
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.It Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR
The directory in which the distribution files can be found (or to which they
should be downloaded).
Default:
.Dq Pa /usr/freebsd-dist
.It Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTSITE
URL from which the distribution files should be downloaded if they are not
already present in the directory defined by
.Ev BSDINSTALL_DISTDIR .
This should be a full path to the files, including architecture and release
names.
Most targets, e.g.,
.Cm auto
and
.Cm jail ,
that prompt for a
.Fx
mirror will skip that step if this variable is already defined in the
environment.
Example:
.Pa ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/powerpc/powerpc64/9.1-RELEASE
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.It Ev BSDINSTALL_CHROOT
The directory into which the distribution files should be unpacked and the
directory at which the root file system of the new system should be mounted.
Default:
.Dq Pa /mnt
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.It Ev BSDINSTALL_LOG
Path to a log file for the installation.
Default:
.Dq Pa /tmp/bsdinstall_log
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.It Ev BSDINSTALL_TMPETC
Directory where files destined for the new system's
.Pa /etc
will be stored until the
.Cm config
target is executed.
If this directory does not already exist, it will be created.
Default:
.Dq Pa /tmp/bsdinstall_etc
.It Ev BSDINSTALL_TMPBOOT
Directory where files destined for the new system's
.Pa /boot
will be stored until the
.Cm config
target is executed.
If this directory does not already exist, it will be created.
Default:
.Dq Pa /tmp/bsdinstall_boot
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_POOL_NAME
Name for the pool containing the base system.
Default:
.Dq zroot
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_POOL_CREATE_OPTIONS
Options to be used when creating the base system's pool.
Each option must be followed by the -O flag to be taken into consideration
or the pool will not be created due to errors using the command
.Cm zpool .
Default:
.Dq Li "-O compress=lz4 -O atime=off"
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME
Name for the boot environment parent dataset.
This is a non-mountable dataset meant to be a parent dataset where different
boot environment are going to be created.
Default:
.Dq ROOT
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOTFS_NAME
Name for the primary boot environment, which will be the default boot
environment for the system.
Default:
.Dq default
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE
The type of pool to be created for the base system.
This variable can take one of this values: stripe (No redundacy),
mirror (n-Way mirroring), raid10 (RAID 1+0 - n x 2-Way Mirrors),
raidz1 (RAID-Z1 - Single Redundacy RAID), raidz2 (RAID-Z2 - Double Redundacy RAID)
or raidz3 (RAID-Z3 Triple Redundacy RAID).
Default:
.Dq stripe
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_FORCE_4K_SECTORS
Indicates either the pool will use 4K or 512 sectors.
If this variable is not empty, 4K sectors will be used.
Default:
.Dq 1
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_GELI_ENCRYPTION
If this variable is not empty, it will use
.Xr geli 8
to encrypt the root pool, enabling automatically the
.Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL
variable.
Default:
.Dq ""
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_GELI_KEY_FILE
Path to the
.Xr geli 8
keyfile used to encrypt the pool where the base system is stored.
Default:
.Dq Pa /boot/encryption.key
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL
If set a separated boot pool will be created for the kernel of the
system and
.Xr loader 8 .
Default: unset
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL_CREATE_OPTIONS
Options to use when creating the boot pool, when enabled (See
.Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL ).
Default: unset
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL_NAME
Name for the optional boot pool when it is enabled, (See
.Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL ).
Default:
.Dq bootpool
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL_SIZE
Size of the boot pool when it is enabled (See
.Ev ZFSBOOT_BOOT_POOL ).
Default:
.Dq 2g
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_DISKS
Disks to be used for the base system, including the boot pool.
This variable must only be used on a scripted installation.
See
.Sx SCRIPTING
for more information.
Default: unset
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_SWAP_SIZE
Size of the swap partition on each block device.
This variable will be passed to
.Xr gpart 8 ;
which supports SI unit suffixes.
Default:
.Dq 2g
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_SWAP_ENCRYPTION
If set, enables the encryption of the swap partition using
.Xr geli 8 .
Default: ""
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_SWAP_MIRROR
If set, enables a swap mirroring using
.Xr gmirror 8 .
Default:
unset
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_DATASETS
ZFS datasets to be created on the root zpool, it requires the
following datasets:
.Pa /tmp ,
.Pa /var/tmp ,
.Pa /$ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME/$ZFSBOOT_BOOTFS_NAME .
See
.Sx ZFS DATASETS
for more information about who to write this variable and to
take a look into the default value of it.
.It Ev ZFSBOOT_CONFIRM_LAYOUT
If set and the installation is interactive, allow the user to confirm
the layout before continuing with the installation.
Default:
.Dq 1
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.El
.Sh SCRIPTING
.Nm
scripts consist of two parts: a
.Em preamble
and a
.Em setup script .
The preamble sets up the options for the installation (how to partition the
disk[s], which distributions to install, etc.) and the optional second part is
a shell script run under
.Xr chroot 8
in the newly installed system before
.Nm
exits.
The two parts are separated by the usual script header (#!), which also sets
the interpreter for the setup script.
.Pp
A typical bsdinstall script looks like this:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
PARTITIONS=ada0
DISTRIBUTIONS="kernel.txz base.txz"
#!/bin/sh
sysrc ifconfig_em0=DHCP
sysrc sshd_enable=YES
pkg install puppet
.Ed
.Pp
For a ZFS scripted installation, the script looks like this:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
DISTRIBUTIONS="kernel.txz base.txz"
export ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE=stripe
export ZFSBOOT_DISKS=ada0
export nonInteractive="YES"
#!/bin/sh
echo "ifconfig_em0=DHCP" >> /etc/rc.conf
echo "sshd_enable=YES" >> /etc/rc.conf
pkg install puppet
.Ed
.Pp
On
.Fx
release media, such a script placed at
.Pa /etc/installerconfig
will be run at boot time and the system will be rebooted automatically after
the installation has completed.
This can be used for unattended network installation of new systems; see
.Xr diskless 8
for details.
.Ss PREAMBLE
The preamble consists of installer settings.
These control global installation parameters (see
.Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES )
as well as disk partitioning.
The preamble is interpreted as a
.Xr sh 1
script run at the very beginning of the install.
If more complicated behavior than setting these variables is desired,
arbitrary commands can be run here to extend the installer.
In addition to the variables in
.Sx ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES ,
in particular
.Ev DISTRIBUTIONS ,
the preamble can contain a variable
.Ev PARTITIONS
which is passed to the
.Cm scriptedpart
target to control disk setup.
Alternatively,
to use
.Cm zfsboot
instead of
.Cm partedit ,
the preamble can contain the variable
.Ev ZFSBOOT_DATASETS
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instead of
.Ev PARTITIONS ,
and setting the variables
.Ev ZFSBOOT_DISKS
and
.Ev ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE
to create the pool of disks for the base system.
Usually, for a mirrored booting disk, this two variables looks like this:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
ZFSBOOT_DISKS="ada0 ada1"
ZFSBOOT_VDEV_TYPE=mirror
.Ed
.Pp
Remenber to export all the variables for the
.Cm zfsboot
command, otherwise it will not get set.
.Ss SETUP SCRIPT
Following the preamble is an optional shell script, beginning with a #!
declaration.
This script will be run at the end of the installation process inside a
.Xr chroot 8
environment in the newly installed system and can be used to set up
configuration files, install packages, etc.
Note that newly configured system services, e.g., networking have not
been started in the installed system at this time and only installation
host services are available.
.Ss ZFS DATASETS
The
.Cm zfsboot
partitioning takes the
.Ev ZFSBOOT_DATASETS
variable to create the datasets on the base system.
This variable can get pretty huge if the pool contains a lot of datasets.
The default value of the
.Ev ZFSBOOT_DATASETS
looks like this:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
# DATASET OPTIONS (comma or space separated; or both)
# Boot Environment [BE] root and default boot dataset
/$ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME mountpoint=none
/$ZFSBOOT_BEROOT_NAME/$ZFSBOOT_BOOTFS_NAME mountpoint=/
# Compress /tmp, allow exec but not setuid
/tmp mountpoint=/tmp,exec=on,setuid=off
# Do not mount /usr so that 'base' files go to the BEROOT
/usr mountpoint=/usr,canmount=off
# Home directories separated so they are common to all BEs
/usr/home # NB: /home is a symlink to /usr/home
# Ports tree
/usr/ports setuid=off
# Source tree (compressed)
/usr/src
# Create /var and friends
/var mountpoint=/var,canmount=off
/var/audit exec=off,setuid=off
/var/crash exec=off,setuid=off
/var/log exec=off,setuid=off
/var/mail atime=on
/var/tmp setuid=off
.Ed
.Pp
The first column if the dataset to be created on the top of the
.Ev ZFSBOOT_POOL_NAME
and the rest of the columns are the options to be set on each dataset.
The options must be written on a coma or space separated list, or both.
And everything behind a pound/hash character is ignored as a comment.
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.Sh HISTORY
This version of
.Nm
first appeared in
.Fx 9.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Nathan Whitehorn Aq Mt nwhitehorn@FreeBSD.org