1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" Arthur Olson.
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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1999-01-03 01:07:41 +00:00
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.\" From: @(#)ctime.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
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1999-08-28 00:22:10 +00:00
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.\"
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1999-01-03 01:07:41 +00:00
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.Dd January 2, 1999
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Dt CTIME 3
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2001-07-10 13:41:46 +00:00
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.Os
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm asctime ,
|
1999-01-03 01:07:41 +00:00
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.Nm asctime_r ,
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Nm ctime ,
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1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
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.Nm ctime_r ,
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Nm difftime ,
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.Nm gmtime ,
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1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
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.Nm gmtime_r ,
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Nm localtime ,
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1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
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.Nm localtime_r ,
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1998-04-20 00:52:32 +00:00
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.Nm mktime ,
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.Nm timegm
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.Nd transform binary date and time values
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2000-04-21 09:42:15 +00:00
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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2001-10-01 16:09:29 +00:00
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.In time.h
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2001-01-12 15:46:56 +00:00
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.Vt extern char *tzname[2] ;
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Ft char *
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.Fn ctime "const time_t *clock"
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.Ft double
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.Fn difftime "time_t time1" "time_t time0"
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.Ft char *
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.Fn asctime "const struct tm *tm"
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.Ft struct tm *
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.Fn localtime "const time_t *clock"
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.Ft struct tm *
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.Fn gmtime "const time_t *clock"
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.Ft time_t
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.Fn mktime "struct tm *tm"
|
1998-04-20 00:52:32 +00:00
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.Ft time_t
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.Fn timegm "struct tm *tm"
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1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
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.Ft char *
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.Fn ctime_r "const time_t *clock" "char *buf"
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.Ft struct tm *
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.Fn localtime_r "const time_t *clock" "struct tm *result"
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.Ft struct tm *
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.Fn gmtime_r "const time_t *clock" "struct tm *result"
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.Ft char *
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.Fn asctime_r "const struct tm *tm" "char *buf"
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The functions
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.Fn ctime ,
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.Fn gmtime
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and
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.Fn localtime
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all take as an argument a time value representing the time in seconds since
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the Epoch (00:00:00
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.Tn UTC ,
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January 1, 1970; see
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.Xr time 3 ) .
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.Pp
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The function
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.Fn localtime
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converts the time value pointed at by
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.Fa clock ,
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and returns a pointer to a
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.Dq Fa struct tm
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(described below) which contains
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the broken-out time information for the value after adjusting for the current
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time zone (and any other factors such as Daylight Saving Time).
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Time zone adjustments are performed as specified by the
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.Ev TZ
|
1997-09-18 06:55:21 +00:00
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environment variable (see
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Xr tzset 3 ) .
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The function
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.Fn localtime
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uses
|
1996-03-27 20:49:07 +00:00
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.Xr tzset 3
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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to initialize time conversion information if
|
1996-03-27 20:49:07 +00:00
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.Xr tzset 3
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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has not already been called by the process.
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.Pp
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After filling in the tm structure,
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.Fn localtime
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sets the
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.Fa tm_isdst Ns 'th
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element of
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.Fa tzname
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to a pointer to an
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.Tn ASCII
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string that's the time zone abbreviation to be
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used with
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.Fn localtime Ns 's
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return value.
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.Pp
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|
The function
|
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|
.Fn gmtime
|
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similarly converts the time value, but without any time zone adjustment,
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|
and returns a pointer to a tm structure (described below).
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn ctime
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function
|
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adjusts the time value for the current time zone in the same manner as
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|
.Fn localtime ,
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|
and returns a pointer to a 26-character string of the form:
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|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
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|
Thu Nov 24 18:22:48 1986\en\e0
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.Ed
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.Pp
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All the fields have constant width.
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.Pp
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
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The
|
1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fn ctime_r
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
|
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function
|
1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
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|
provides the same functionality as
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.Fn ctime
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except the caller must provide the output buffer
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.Fa buf
|
1999-01-03 01:07:41 +00:00
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|
to store the result, which must be at least 26 characters long.
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
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|
|
The
|
1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
|
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|
.Fn localtime_r
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|
and
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fn gmtime_r
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
|
|
|
functions
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
provide the same functionality as
|
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|
.Fn localtime
|
1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
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and
|
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|
.Fn gmtime
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respectively, except the caller must provide the output buffer
|
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.Fa result .
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|
.Pp
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
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|
.Fn asctime
|
|
|
|
function
|
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|
converts the broken down time in the structure
|
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|
.Fa tm
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|
pointed at by
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.Fa *tm
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to the form
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|
shown in the example above.
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|
.Pp
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fn asctime_r
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
|
|
|
function
|
1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
|
|
|
provides the same functionality as
|
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|
.Fn asctime
|
|
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|
except the caller provide the output buffer
|
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|
.Fa buf
|
1999-01-03 01:07:41 +00:00
|
|
|
to store the result, which must be at least 26 characters long.
|
1998-12-20 06:22:06 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
|
|
|
The functions
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fn mktime
|
1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Fn timegm
|
1999-09-04 15:56:51 +00:00
|
|
|
convert the broken-down time in the structure
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
|
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|
pointed to by tm into a time value with the same encoding as that of the
|
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|
values returned by the
|
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|
.Xr time 3
|
1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
|
|
|
function (that is, seconds from the Epoch,
|
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|
.Tn UTC ) .
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fn mktime
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
|
|
|
function
|
1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
|
|
|
interprets the input structure according to the current timezone setting
|
|
|
|
(see
|
|
|
|
.Xr tzset 3 ) .
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
|
|
|
.Fn timegm
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
|
|
|
function
|
1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
|
|
|
interprets the input structure as representing Universal Coordinated Time
|
|
|
|
.Pq Tn UTC .
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
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|
The original values of the
|
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|
.Fa tm_wday
|
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|
and
|
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|
.Fa tm_yday
|
|
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|
components of the structure are ignored, and the original values of the
|
2001-06-23 08:57:40 +00:00
|
|
|
other components are not restricted to their normal ranges, and will be
|
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|
normalized if needed.
|
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|
For example,
|
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|
|
October 40 is changed into November 9,
|
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|
|
a
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|
.Fa tm_hour
|
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|
of \-1 means 1 hour before midnight,
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|
.Fa tm_mday
|
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|
|
of 0 means the day preceding the current month, and
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|
.Fa tm_mon
|
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|
|
of \-2 means 2 months before January of
|
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|
|
.Fa tm_year .
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
|
|
|
(A positive or zero value for
|
|
|
|
.Fa tm_isdst
|
|
|
|
causes
|
|
|
|
.Fn mktime
|
|
|
|
to presume initially that summer time (for example, Daylight Saving Time)
|
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|
is or is not in effect for the specified time, respectively.
|
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|
|
A negative value for
|
|
|
|
.Fa tm_isdst
|
|
|
|
causes the
|
|
|
|
.Fn mktime
|
|
|
|
function to attempt to divine whether summer time is in effect for the
|
1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
|
|
|
specified time.
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Fa tm_isdst
|
|
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|
and
|
|
|
|
.Fa tm_gmtoff
|
|
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|
members are forced to zero by
|
|
|
|
.Fn timegm . )
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
|
|
|
.Pp
|
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|
On successful completion, the values of the
|
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|
.Fa tm_wday
|
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|
and
|
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|
.Fa tm_yday
|
|
|
|
components of the structure are set appropriately, and the other components
|
|
|
|
are set to represent the specified calendar time, but with their values
|
|
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|
forced to their normal ranges; the final value of
|
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|
|
.Fa tm_mday
|
|
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|
is not set until
|
|
|
|
.Fa tm_mon
|
|
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|
and
|
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|
|
.Fa tm_year
|
|
|
|
are determined.
|
2002-12-18 12:45:11 +00:00
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Fn mktime
|
|
|
|
function
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
|
|
|
returns the specified calendar time; if the calendar time cannot be
|
|
|
|
represented, it returns \-1;
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Fn difftime
|
|
|
|
function
|
|
|
|
returns the difference between two calendar times,
|
|
|
|
.Pf ( Fa time1
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
.Fa time0 ) ,
|
|
|
|
expressed in seconds.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
|
|
|
External declarations as well as the tm structure definition are in the
|
1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
|
|
|
.Aq Pa time.h
|
|
|
|
include file.
|
|
|
|
The tm structure includes at least the following fields:
|
|
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
|
|
int tm_sec; /\(** seconds (0 - 60) \(**/
|
|
|
|
int tm_min; /\(** minutes (0 - 59) \(**/
|
|
|
|
int tm_hour; /\(** hours (0 - 23) \(**/
|
|
|
|
int tm_mday; /\(** day of month (1 - 31) \(**/
|
|
|
|
int tm_mon; /\(** month of year (0 - 11) \(**/
|
|
|
|
int tm_year; /\(** year \- 1900 \(**/
|
|
|
|
int tm_wday; /\(** day of week (Sunday = 0) \(**/
|
|
|
|
int tm_yday; /\(** day of year (0 - 365) \(**/
|
|
|
|
int tm_isdst; /\(** is summer time in effect? \(**/
|
|
|
|
char \(**tm_zone; /\(** abbreviation of timezone name \(**/
|
|
|
|
long tm_gmtoff; /\(** offset from UTC in seconds \(**/
|
|
|
|
.Ed
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
field
|
|
|
|
.Fa tm_isdst
|
|
|
|
is non-zero if summer time is in effect.
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The field
|
|
|
|
.Fa tm_gmtoff
|
|
|
|
is the offset (in seconds) of the time represented from
|
|
|
|
.Tn UTC ,
|
|
|
|
with positive
|
|
|
|
values indicating east of the Prime Meridian.
|
|
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
.Xr date 1 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr gettimeofday 2 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr getenv 3 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr time 3 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr tzset 3 ,
|
|
|
|
.Xr tzfile 5
|
1999-01-03 01:07:41 +00:00
|
|
|
.Sh STANDARDS
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Fn asctime ,
|
|
|
|
.Fn ctime ,
|
|
|
|
.Fn difftime ,
|
|
|
|
.Fn gmtime ,
|
|
|
|
.Fn localtime ,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Fn mktime
|
|
|
|
functions conform to
|
|
|
|
.St -isoC ,
|
|
|
|
and conform to
|
2001-02-26 14:48:38 +00:00
|
|
|
.St -p1003.1-96
|
1999-01-03 01:07:41 +00:00
|
|
|
provided the selected local timezone does not contain a leap-second table
|
|
|
|
(see
|
|
|
|
.Xr zic 8 ) .
|
|
|
|
.Pp
|
|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
.Fn asctime_r ,
|
|
|
|
.Fn ctime_r ,
|
|
|
|
.Fn gmtime_r ,
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.Fn localtime_r
|
|
|
|
functions are expected to conform to
|
2001-02-26 14:48:38 +00:00
|
|
|
.St -p1003.1-96
|
1999-01-03 01:07:41 +00:00
|
|
|
(again provided the selected local timezone does not contain a leap-second
|
|
|
|
table).
|
1999-09-04 15:56:51 +00:00
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn timegm
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function is not specified by any standard; its function cannot be
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completely emulated using the standard functions described above.
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Sh HISTORY
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This manual page is derived from
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the time package contributed to Berkeley by
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1999-09-04 15:56:51 +00:00
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.An Arthur Olson
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and which appeared in
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Bx 4.3 .
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.Sh BUGS
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2001-07-15 07:53:42 +00:00
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Except for
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1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
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.Fn difftime ,
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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.Fn mktime ,
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1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
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and the
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.Fn \&_r
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variants of the other functions,
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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these functions leaves their result in an internal static object and return
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2000-03-02 09:14:21 +00:00
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a pointer to that object.
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Subsequent calls to these
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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function will modify the same object.
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.Pp
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1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
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The C Standard provides no mechanism for a program to modify its current
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local timezone setting, and the
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.Tn POSIX Ns No \&-standard
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1999-01-03 01:07:41 +00:00
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method is not reentrant. (However, thread-safe implementations are provided
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in the
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.Tn POSIX
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threaded environment.)
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1999-01-03 00:35:31 +00:00
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.Pp
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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The
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2002-12-19 09:33:34 +00:00
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.Va tm_zone
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field of a returned
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.Vt tm
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structure points to a static array of characters,
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1994-09-13 21:26:08 +00:00
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which will also be overwritten by any subsequent calls (as well as by
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subsequent calls to
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.Xr tzset 3
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and
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.Xr tzsetwall 3 ) .
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.Pp
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Use of the external variable
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.Fa tzname
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is discouraged; the
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.Fa tm_zone
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entry in the tm structure is preferred.
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