Add description, parameters, options, sysctl and examples of using AQMs to ipfw man page. CoDel, PIE, FQ-CoDel and FQ-PIE AQM for Dummynet exist in FreeBSD 11 and 10.3.
Submitted by: ralsaadi@swin.edu.au Reviewed by: AllanJude Approved by: re (gjb) MFC after: 1 week Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D12507
This commit is contained in:
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sbin/ipfw/ipfw.8
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sbin/ipfw/ipfw.8
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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.\"
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.\"
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.Dd August 10, 2018
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.Dd September 27, 2018
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.Dt IPFW 8
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.Dt IPFW 8
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.Os
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Sh NAME
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@ -2711,7 +2711,7 @@ The following case-insensitive parameters can be configured for a
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scheduler:
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scheduler:
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.Pp
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It Cm type Ar {fifo | wf2q+ | rr | qfq}
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.It Cm type Ar {fifo | wf2q+ | rr | qfq | fq_codel | fq_pie}
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specifies the scheduling algorithm to use.
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specifies the scheduling algorithm to use.
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It Cm fifo
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.It Cm fifo
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@ -2738,7 +2738,68 @@ with poor service guarantees.
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implements the QFQ algorithm, which is a very fast variant of
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implements the QFQ algorithm, which is a very fast variant of
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WF2Q+, with similar service guarantees and O(1) processing
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WF2Q+, with similar service guarantees and O(1) processing
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costs (roughly, 200-250ns per packet).
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costs (roughly, 200-250ns per packet).
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.It Cm fq_codel
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implements the FQ-CoDel (FlowQueue-CoDel) scheduler/AQM algorithm, which
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uses a modified Deficit Round Robin scheduler to manage two lists of sub-queues
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(old sub-queues and new sub-queues) for providing brief periods of priority to
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lightweight or short burst flows.
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By default, the total number of sub-queues is 1024.
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FQ-CoDel's internal, dynamically
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created sub-queues are controlled by separate instances of CoDel AQM.
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.It Cm fq_pie
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implements the FQ-PIE (FlowQueue-PIE) scheduler/AQM algorithm, which similar to
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.Cm fq_codel
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but uses per sub-queue PIE AQM instance to control the queue delay.
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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.Cm fq_codel
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inherits AQM parameters and options from
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.Cm codel
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(see below), and
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.Cm fq_pie
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inherits AQM parameters and options from
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.Cm pie
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(see below).
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Additionally, both of
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.Cm fq_codel
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and
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.Cm fq_pie
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have shared scheduler parameters which are:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Cm quantum
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.Ar m
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specifies the quantum (credit) of the scheduler.
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.Ar m
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is the number of bytes a queue can serve before being moved to the tail
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of old queues list.
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The default is 1514 bytes, and the maximum accepable value
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is 9000 bytes.
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.It Cm limit
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.Ar m
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specifies the hard size limit (in unit of packets) of all queues managed by an
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instance of the scheduler.
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The default value of
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.Ar m
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is 10240 packets, and the maximum accepable value is 20480 packets.
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.It Cm flows
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.Ar m
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specifies the total number of flow queues (sub-queues) that fq_*
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creates and manages.
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By default, 1024 sub-queues are created when an instance
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of the fq_{codel/pie} scheduler is created.
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The maximum accepable value is
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65536.
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.El
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.Pp
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Note that any token after
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.Cm fq_codel
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or
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.Cm fq_pie
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is considered a parameter for fq_{codel/pie}.
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So, ensure all scheduler
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configuration options not related to fq_{codel/pie} are written before
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.Cm fq_codel/fq_pie
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tokens.
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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.Pp
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In addition to the type, all parameters allowed for a pipe can also
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In addition to the type, all parameters allowed for a pipe can also
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@ -2869,6 +2930,135 @@ greater than zero)
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specifies the expected maximum packet size, only used when queue
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specifies the expected maximum packet size, only used when queue
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thresholds are in bytes (defaults to 1500, must be greater than zero).
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thresholds are in bytes (defaults to 1500, must be greater than zero).
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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.It Cm codel Oo Cm target Ar time Oc Oo Cm interval Ar time Oc Oo Cm ecn |
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.Cm noecn Oc
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Make use of the CoDel (Controlled-Delay) queue management algorithm.
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.Ar time
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is interpreted as milliseconds by default but seconds (s), milliseconds (ms) or
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microseconds (us) can be specified instead.
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CoDel drops or marks (ECN) packets
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depending on packet sojourn time in the queue.
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.Cm target
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.Ar time
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(5ms by default) is the minimum acceptable persistent queue delay that CoDel
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allows.
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CoDel does not drop packets directly after packets sojourn time becomes
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higher than
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.Cm target
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.Ar time
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but waits for
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.Cm interval
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.Ar time
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(100ms default) before dropping.
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.Cm interval
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.Ar time
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should be set to maximum RTT for all expected connections.
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.Cm ecn
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enables (disabled by default) packet marking (instead of dropping) for
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ECN-enabled TCP flows when queue delay becomes high.
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.Pp
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Note that any token after
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.Cm codel
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is considered a parameter for CoDel.
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So, ensure all pipe/queue
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configuration options are written before
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.Cm codel
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token.
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.Pp
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The
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.Xr sysctl 8
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variables
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.Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.codel.target
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and
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.Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.codel.interval
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can be used to set CoDel default parameters.
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.Pp
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.It Cm pie Oo Cm target Ar time Oc Oo Cm tupdate Ar time Oc Oo
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.Cm alpha Ar n Oc Oo Cm beta Ar n Oc Oo Cm max_burst Ar time Oc Oo
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.Cm max_ecnth Ar n Oc Oo Cm ecn | Cm noecn Oc Oo Cm capdrop |
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.Cm nocapdrop Oc Oo Cm drand | Cm nodrand Oc Oo Cm onoff
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.Oc Oo Cm dre | Cm ts Oc
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Make use of the PIE (Proportional Integral controller Enhanced) queue management
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algorithm.
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PIE drops or marks packets depending on a calculated drop probability during
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en-queue process, with the aim of achieving high throughput while keeping queue
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delay low.
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At regular time intervals of
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.Cm tupdate
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.Ar time
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(15ms by default) a background process (re)calculates the probability based on queue delay
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deviations from
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.Cm target
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.Ar time
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(15ms by default) and queue delay trends.
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PIE approximates current queue
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delay by using a departure rate estimation method, or (optionally) by using a
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packet timestamp method similar to CoDel.
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.Ar time
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is interpreted as milliseconds by default but seconds (s), milliseconds (ms) or
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microseconds (us) can be specified instead.
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The other PIE parameters and options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Cm alpha Ar n
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.Ar n
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is a floating point number between 0 and 7 which specifies the weight of queue
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delay deviations that is used in drop probability calculation.
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0.125 is the default.
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.It Cm beta Ar n
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.Ar n
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is a floating point number between 0 and 7 which specifies is the weight of queue
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delay trend that is used in drop probability calculation.
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1.25 is the default.
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.It Cm max_burst Ar time
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The maximum period of time that PIE does not drop/mark packets.
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150ms is the
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default and 10s is the maximum value.
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.It Cm max_ecnth Ar n
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Even when ECN is enabled, PIE drops packets instead of marking them when drop
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probability becomes higher than ECN probability threshold
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.Cm max_ecnth Ar n
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, the default is 0.1 (i.e 10%) and 1 is the maximum value.
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.It Cm ecn | noecn
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enable or disable ECN marking for ECN-enabled TCP flows.
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Disabled by default.
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.It Cm capdrop | nocapdrop
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enable or disable cap drop adjustment.
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Cap drop adjustment is enabled by default.
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.It Cm drand | nodrand
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enable or disable drop probability de-randomisation.
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De-randomisation eliminates
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the problem of dropping packets too close or too far.
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De-randomisation is enabled by default.
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.It Cm onoff
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enable turning PIE on and off depending on queue load.
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If this option is enabled,
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PIE turnes on when over 1/3 of queue becomes full.
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This option is disabled by
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default.
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.It Cm dre | ts
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Calculate queue delay using departure rate estimation
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.Cm dre
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or timestamps
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.Cm ts .
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.Cm dre
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is used by default.
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.El
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.Pp
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Note that any token after
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.Cm pie
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is considered a parameter for PIE.
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So ensure all pipe/queue
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the configuration options are written before
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.Cm pie
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token.
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.Xr sysctl 8
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variables can be used to control the
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.Cm pie
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default parameters.
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See the
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.Sx SYSCTL VARIABLES
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section for more details.
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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.Pp
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When used with IPv6 data,
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When used with IPv6 data,
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@ -3461,10 +3651,102 @@ global IP addresses, this will still result in a fully functional
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.It Va net.inet.ip.alias.sctp.up_timer: No 300
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.It Va net.inet.ip.alias.sctp.up_timer: No 300
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Timeout value to keep an association up with no traffic.
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Timeout value to keep an association up with no traffic.
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This value cannot be 0.
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This value cannot be 0.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.codel.interval : No 100000
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Default
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.Cm codel
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AQM interval in microseconds.
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The value must be in the range 1..5000000.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.codel.target : No 5000
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Default
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.Cm codel
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AQM target delay time in microseconds (the minimum acceptable persistent queue
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delay).
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The value must be in the range 1..5000000.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.expire : No 1
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.expire : No 1
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Lazily delete dynamic pipes/queue once they have no pending traffic.
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Lazily delete dynamic pipes/queue once they have no pending traffic.
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You can disable this by setting the variable to 0, in which case
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You can disable this by setting the variable to 0, in which case
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the pipes/queues will only be deleted when the threshold is reached.
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the pipes/queues will only be deleted when the threshold is reached.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqcodel.flows : No 1024
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Defines the default total number of flow queues (sub-queues) that
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.Cm fq_codel
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creates and manages.
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The value must be in the range 1..65536.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqcodel.interval : No 100000
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Default
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.Cm fq_codel
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scheduler/AQM interval in microseconds.
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The value must be in the range 1..5000000.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqcodel.limit : No 10240
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The default hard size limit (in unit of packet) of all queues managed by an
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instance of the
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.Cm fq_codel
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scheduler.
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The value must be in the range 1..20480.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqcodel.quantum : No 1514
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The default quantum (credit) of the
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.Cm fq_codel
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in unit of byte.
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The value must be in the range 1..9000.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqcodel.target : No 5000
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Default
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.Cm fq_codel
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scheduler/AQM target delay time in microseconds (the minimum acceptable
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persistent queue delay).
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The value must be in the range 1..5000000.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqpie.alpha : No 125
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The default
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.Ar alpha
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parameter (scaled by 1000) for
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.Cm fq_pie
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scheduler/AQM.
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The value must be in the range 1..7000.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqpie.beta : No 1250
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The default
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.Ar beta
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parameter (scaled by 1000) for
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.Cm fq_pie
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scheduler/AQM.
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The value must be in the range 1..7000.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqpie.flows : No 1024
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Defines the default total number of flow queues (sub-queues) that
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.Cm fq_pie
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creates and manages.
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The value must be in the range 1..65536.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqpie.limit : No 10240
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||||||
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The default hard size limit (in unit of packet) of all queues managed by an
|
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|
instance of the
|
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.Cm fq_pie
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||||||
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scheduler.
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The value must be in the range 1..20480.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqpie.max_burst : No 150000
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The default maximum period of microseconds that
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.Cm fq_pie
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scheduler/AQM does not drop/mark packets.
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The value must be in the range 1..10000000.
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqpie.max_ecnth : No 99
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The default maximum ECN probability threshold (scaled by 1000) for
|
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.Cm fq_pie
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||||||
|
scheduler/AQM.
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||||||
|
The value must be in the range 1..7000.
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||||||
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqpie.quantum : No 1514
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||||||
|
The default quantum (credit) of the
|
||||||
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.Cm fq_pie
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||||||
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in unit of byte.
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||||||
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The value must be in the range 1..9000.
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||||||
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqpie.target : No 15000
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The default
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||||||
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.Cm target
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||||||
|
delay of the
|
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.Cm fq_pie
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||||||
|
in unit of microsecond.
|
||||||
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The value must be in the range 1..5000000.
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||||||
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.fqpie.tupdate : No 15000
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||||||
|
The default
|
||||||
|
.Cm tupdate
|
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|
of the
|
||||||
|
.Cm fq_pie
|
||||||
|
in unit of microsecond.
|
||||||
|
The value must be in the range 1..5000000.
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||||||
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size : No 64
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.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.hash_size : No 64
|
||||||
Default size of the hash table used for dynamic pipes/queues.
|
Default size of the hash table used for dynamic pipes/queues.
|
||||||
This value is used when no
|
This value is used when no
|
||||||
@ -3499,6 +3781,44 @@ will be expired even when
|
|||||||
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_max_pkt_size : No 1500
|
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.red_max_pkt_size : No 1500
|
||||||
Parameters used in the computations of the drop probability
|
Parameters used in the computations of the drop probability
|
||||||
for the RED algorithm.
|
for the RED algorithm.
|
||||||
|
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.pie.alpha : No 125
|
||||||
|
The default
|
||||||
|
.Ar alpha
|
||||||
|
parameter (scaled by 1000) for
|
||||||
|
.Cm pie
|
||||||
|
AQM.
|
||||||
|
The value must be in the range 1..7000.
|
||||||
|
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.pie.beta : No 1250
|
||||||
|
The default
|
||||||
|
.Ar beta
|
||||||
|
parameter (scaled by 1000) for
|
||||||
|
.Cm pie
|
||||||
|
AQM.
|
||||||
|
The value must be in the range 1..7000.
|
||||||
|
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.pie.max_burst : No 150000
|
||||||
|
The default maximum period of microseconds that
|
||||||
|
.Cm pie
|
||||||
|
AQM does not drop/mark packets.
|
||||||
|
The value must be in the range 1..10000000.
|
||||||
|
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.pie.max_ecnth : No 99
|
||||||
|
The default maximum ECN probability threshold (scaled by 1000) for
|
||||||
|
.Cm pie
|
||||||
|
AQM.
|
||||||
|
The value must be in the range 1..7000.
|
||||||
|
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.pie.target : No 15000
|
||||||
|
The default
|
||||||
|
.Cm target
|
||||||
|
delay of
|
||||||
|
.Cm pie
|
||||||
|
AQM in unit of microsecond.
|
||||||
|
The value must be in the range 1..5000000.
|
||||||
|
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.pie.tupdate : No 15000
|
||||||
|
The default
|
||||||
|
.Cm tupdate
|
||||||
|
of
|
||||||
|
.Cm pie
|
||||||
|
AQM in unit of microsecond.
|
||||||
|
The value must be in the range 1..5000000.
|
||||||
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.pipe_byte_limit : No 1048576
|
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.pipe_byte_limit : No 1048576
|
||||||
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.pipe_slot_limit : No 100
|
.It Va net.inet.ip.dummynet.pipe_slot_limit : No 100
|
||||||
The maximum queue size that can be specified in bytes or packets.
|
The maximum queue size that can be specified in bytes or packets.
|
||||||
@ -4029,6 +4349,102 @@ action, if it is not created yet. Later, this dynamic rule is used on way
|
|||||||
in by
|
in by
|
||||||
.Cm check-state
|
.Cm check-state
|
||||||
rule.
|
rule.
|
||||||
|
.Ss CONFIGURING CODEL, PIE, FQ-CODEL and FQ-PIE AQM
|
||||||
|
.Cm codel
|
||||||
|
and
|
||||||
|
.Cm pie
|
||||||
|
AQM can be configured for
|
||||||
|
.Nm dummynet
|
||||||
|
.Cm pipe
|
||||||
|
or
|
||||||
|
.Cm queue.
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
To configure a
|
||||||
|
.Cm pipe
|
||||||
|
with
|
||||||
|
.Cm codel
|
||||||
|
AQM using default configuration for traffic from 192.168.0.0/24 and 1Mbits/s
|
||||||
|
rate limit, we do:
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 1mbits/s codel"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw add 100 pipe 1 ip from 192.168.0.0/24 to any"
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
To configure a
|
||||||
|
.Cm queue
|
||||||
|
with
|
||||||
|
.Cm codel
|
||||||
|
AQM using different configurations parameters for traffic from
|
||||||
|
192.168.0.0/24 and 1Mbits/s rate limit, we do:
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 1mbits/s"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw queue 1 config pipe 1 codel target 8ms interval 160ms ecn"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw add 100 queue 1 ip from 192.168.0.0/24 to any"
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
To configure a
|
||||||
|
.Cm pipe
|
||||||
|
with
|
||||||
|
.Cm pie
|
||||||
|
AQM using default configuration for traffic from 192.168.0.0/24 and 1Mbits/s
|
||||||
|
rate limit, we do:
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 1mbits/s pie"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw add 100 pipe 1 ip from 192.168.0.0/24 to any"
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
To configure a
|
||||||
|
.Cm queue
|
||||||
|
with
|
||||||
|
.Cm pie
|
||||||
|
AQM using different configuration parameters for traffic from
|
||||||
|
192.168.0.0/24 and 1Mbits/s rate limit, we do:
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 1mbits/s"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw queue 1 config pipe 1 pie target 20ms tupdate 30ms ecn"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw add 100 queue 1 ip from 192.168.0.0/24 to any"
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
.Cm fq_codel
|
||||||
|
and
|
||||||
|
.Cm fq_pie
|
||||||
|
AQM can be configured for
|
||||||
|
.Nm dummynet
|
||||||
|
schedulers.
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
To configure
|
||||||
|
.Cm fq_codel
|
||||||
|
scheduler using different configurations parameters for traffic from
|
||||||
|
192.168.0.0/24 and 1Mbits/s rate limit, we do:
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 1mbits/s"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw sched 1 config pipe 1 type fq_codel"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw queue 1 config sched 1"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw add 100 queue 1 ip from 192.168.0.0/24 to any"
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
To change
|
||||||
|
.Cm fq_codel
|
||||||
|
default configuration for a
|
||||||
|
.Cm sched
|
||||||
|
such as disable ECN and change the
|
||||||
|
.Ar target
|
||||||
|
to 10ms, we do:
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw sched 1 config pipe 1 type fq_codel target 10ms noecn"
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
Similar to
|
||||||
|
.Cm fq_codel,
|
||||||
|
to configure
|
||||||
|
.Cm fq_pie
|
||||||
|
scheduler using different configurations parameters for traffic from
|
||||||
|
192.168.0.0/24 and 1Mbits/s rate limit, we do:
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw pipe 1 config bw 1mbits/s"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw sched 1 config pipe 1 type fq_pie"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw queue 1 config sched 1"
|
||||||
|
.Dl "ipfw add 100 queue 1 ip from 192.168.0.0/24 to any"
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
The configurations of
|
||||||
|
.Cm fq_pie
|
||||||
|
.Cm sched
|
||||||
|
can be changed in a similar way as for
|
||||||
|
.Cm fq_codel
|
||||||
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
||||||
.Xr cpp 1 ,
|
.Xr cpp 1 ,
|
||||||
.Xr m4 1 ,
|
.Xr m4 1 ,
|
||||||
@ -4063,7 +4479,8 @@ was introduced in Summer 2002.
|
|||||||
.An Poul-Henning Kamp ,
|
.An Poul-Henning Kamp ,
|
||||||
.An Alex Nash ,
|
.An Alex Nash ,
|
||||||
.An Archie Cobbs ,
|
.An Archie Cobbs ,
|
||||||
.An Luigi Rizzo .
|
.An Luigi Rizzo ,
|
||||||
|
.An Rasool Al-Saadi .
|
||||||
.Pp
|
.Pp
|
||||||
.An -nosplit
|
.An -nosplit
|
||||||
API based upon code written by
|
API based upon code written by
|
||||||
@ -4098,6 +4515,12 @@ For further information visit:
|
|||||||
Delay profiles have been developed by Alessandro Cerri and
|
Delay profiles have been developed by Alessandro Cerri and
|
||||||
Luigi Rizzo, supported by the
|
Luigi Rizzo, supported by the
|
||||||
European Commission within Projects Onelab and Onelab2.
|
European Commission within Projects Onelab and Onelab2.
|
||||||
|
.Pp
|
||||||
|
CoDel, PIE, FQ-CoDel and FQ-PIE AQM for Dummynet have been implemented by
|
||||||
|
.An The Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures (CAIA)
|
||||||
|
in 2016, supported by The Comcast Innovation Fund.
|
||||||
|
The primary developer is
|
||||||
|
Rasool Al-Saadi.
|
||||||
.Sh BUGS
|
.Sh BUGS
|
||||||
The syntax has grown over the years and sometimes it might be confusing.
|
The syntax has grown over the years and sometimes it might be confusing.
|
||||||
Unfortunately, backward compatibility prevents cleaning up mistakes
|
Unfortunately, backward compatibility prevents cleaning up mistakes
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user