Expand contractions.

bin/chmod/chmod.1

@@ -337,6 +337,6 @@ A
 command appeared in
 .At v1 .
 .Sh BUGS
-There's no
+There is no
 .Ar perm
 option for the naughty bits.

games/fortune/fortune/fortune.6

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ Choose only from potentially offensive aphorisms.
 Please, please, please request a potentially offensive fortune if and
 only if you believe, deep down in your heart, that you are willing
 to be offended.
-(And that if you are not willing, you'll just quit using
+(And that if you are not willing, you will just quit using
 .Fl o
 rather than give us
 grief about it, okay?)
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ will pick out 90% of its fortunes from
 .Em funny
 (the
 .Dq 10% not-funny
-is unnecessary, since 10% is all that's left).
+is unnecessary, since 10% is all that is left).
 The
 .Fl e
 option says to consider all files equal;

lib/libarchive/tar.5

@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ Vendor-specific attributes used by Joerg Schilling's
 implementation.
 .It Cm SCHILY.acl.access , Cm SCHILY.acl.default
 Stores the access and default ACLs as textual strings in a format
-that's an extension of the format specified by POSIX.1e draft 17.
+that is an extension of the format specified by POSIX.1e draft 17.
 In particular, each user or group access specification can include a fourth
 colon-separated field with the numeric UID or GID.
 This allows ACLs to be restored on systems that may not have complete
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ The header contains a list of fragment offset/length pairs.
 If more than four such entries are required, the header is
 extended as necessary with
 .Dq extra
-header extensions (an older format that's no longer used), or
+header extensions (an older format that is no longer used), or
 .Dq sparse
 extensions.
 .It "V"

lib/libc/gen/getcap.3

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ does not exist
 .Pp
 Names consist of one or more characters.
 Names may contain any character
-except `:', but it's usually best to restrict them to the printable
+except `:', but it is usually best to restrict them to the printable
 characters and avoid use of graphics like `#', `=', `%', `@', etc.
 Types
 are single characters used to separate capability names from their

lib/libc/gen/stringlist.3

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Find
 .Fa item
 in
 .Fa sl ,
-returning NULL if it's not found.
+returning NULL if it is not found.
 .El
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr free 3 ,

lib/libc/stdtime/ctime.3

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ element of
 .Fa tzname
 to a pointer to an
 .Tn ASCII
-string that's the time zone abbreviation to be
+string that is the time zone abbreviation to be
 used with
 .Fn localtime Ns 's
 return value.

lib/libc/sys/shmctl.2

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ The
 structure is defined as follows:
 .\"
 .\" I fiddled with the spaces a bit to make it fit well when viewed
-.\" with nroff, but otherwise it's straight from sys/shm.h
+.\" with nroff, but otherwise it is straight from sys/shm.h
 .\"
 .Bd -literal
 struct shmid_ds {

lib/libcompat/4.1/cftime.3

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ The
 .Fn ascftime
 function is almost identical to
 .Xr strftime 3 ,
-with the only exception that there's no parameter to tell about the
+with the only exception that there is no parameter to tell about the
 maximal buffer length, and the
 .Fa format
 parameter defaults to

lib/libcompat/regexp/regexp.3

@@ -319,5 +319,5 @@ though.
 .Pp
 Due to emphasis on
 compactness and simplicity,
-it's not strikingly fast.
+it is not strikingly fast.
 It does give special attention to handling simple cases quickly.

lib/libedit/editline.3

@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ If
 has been set with
 .Fn el_set ,
 then this is done automatically.
-Otherwise, it's the responsibility of the application to call
+Otherwise, it is the responsibility of the application to call
 .Fn el_resize
 on the appropriate occasions.
 .It Fn el_line
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ Clear the history.
 .Xc
 Define functions to perform various history operations.
 .Fa ptr
-is the argument given to a function when it's invoked.
+is the argument given to a function when it is invoked.
 .It Dv H_FIRST
 Return the first element in the history.
 .It Dv H_LAST

lib/libfetch/fetch.3

@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ The
 and
 .Fn fetchPutHTTP
 functions implement the HTTP/1.1 protocol.
-With a little luck, there's
+With a little luck, there is
 even a chance that they comply with RFC2616 and RFC2617.
 .Pp
 If the
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ examples of this are
 .Fn fetchListFTP
 and FTP proxy support.
 .Pp
-There's no way to select a proxy at run-time other than setting the
+There is no way to select a proxy at run-time other than setting the
 .Ev HTTP_PROXY
 or
 .Ev FTP_PROXY

lib/libftpio/ftpio.3

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ On failure, the error code from the server.
 The
 .Fn ftpErrno
 function returns the server failure code for the last operation (useful for
-seeing more about what happened if you're familiar with FTP error codes).
+seeing more about what happened if you are familiar with FTP error codes).
 The
 .Fn ftpErrString
 function returns a human readable version of the supplied server failure code.
@@ -255,6 +255,6 @@ extensions from Jean-Marc Zucconi.
 and
 .An Jean-Marc Zucconi
 .Sh BUGS
-I'm sure you can get this thing's internal state machine confused if
+I am sure you can get this thing's internal state machine confused if
-you really work at it, but so far it's proven itself pretty robust in
+you really work at it, but so far it has proven itself pretty robust in
 all my tests.

lib/libvgl/vgl.3

@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ blank the display if the argument
 .Va blank
 \*(Ne 0.
 This can be done to shut off the screen during display updates that
-the user should first see when it's done.
+the user should first see when it is done.
 .Ss Program termination and signal processing
 It is important to call
 .Fn VGLEnd

libexec/comsat/comsat.8

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ omitted, standard mailbox assumed.
 .Sh FILES
 .Bl -tag -width ".Pa /var/mail/user" -compact
 .It Pa /var/run/utmp
-to find out who's logged on and on what terminals
+to find out who is logged on and on what terminals
 .It Pa /var/mail/user
 standard mailbox
 .El

libexec/pppoed/pppoed.8

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ If the
 .Fl d
 option is given,
 .Nm
-will report on the child processes creation of a new netgraph socket, it's
+will report on the child processes creation of a new netgraph socket, its
 service offer and the invocation of the
 .Xr ppp 8
 program.

sbin/atm/ilmid/ilmid.8

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ to run in the foreground.
 .It Fl r
 Causes
 .Nm
-to issue a coldStart TRAP on all ATM interfaces it's able to open and exit.
+to issue a coldStart TRAP on all ATM interfaces it is able to open and exit.
 .El
 .Sh NOTES
 This daemon does not fully conform to the ATM Forum ILMI specifications.

sbin/spppcontrol/spppcontrol.8

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Set his system name for the authentication protocol.
 For CHAP, this
 will only be used as a hint, causing a warning message if remote did
 supply a different name.
-For PAP, it's the name remote must use to
+For PAP, it is the name remote must use to
 authenticate himself (in connection with his secret).
 .It Va myauthsecret Ns Li = Ns Ar secret
 Set my secret (key, password) for use in the authentication phase.
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ needs to authenticate.
 .It Va hisauthkey Ns Li = Ns Va secret
 Same as above.
 .It Va callin
-Require remote to authenticate himself only when he's calling in, but
+Require remote to authenticate himself only when he is calling in, but
 not when we are caller.
 This is required for some peers that do not
 implement the authentication protocols symmetrically (like Ascend

share/man/man4/dc.4

@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ The original 82c168 PNIC chip has built in NWAY support which is
 used on certain early LinkSys LNE100TX and Matrox FastNIC cards,
 however it is horribly broken and difficult to use reliably.
 Consequently, autonegotiation is not currently supported for this
-chipset: the driver defaults the NIC to 10baseT half duplex, and it's
+chipset: the driver defaults the NIC to 10baseT half duplex, and it is
 up to the operator to manually select a different mode if necessary.
 (Later cards use an external MII transceiver to implement NWAY
 autonegotiation and work correctly.)

share/man/man4/ddb.4

@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ long word is assumed.
 .Sy Warning :
 since there is no delimiter between expressions, strange
 things may happen.
-It's best to enclose each expression in parentheses.
+It is best to enclose each expression in parentheses.
 .It Xo
 .Cm set
 .Li \&$ Ns Ar variable

share/man/man4/divert.4

@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ Whistle Communications Corp.
 .Sh BUGS
 This is an attempt to provide a clean way for user mode processes
 to implement various IP tricks like address translation, but it
-could be cleaner, and it's too dependent on
+could be cleaner, and it is too dependent on
 .Xr ipfw 8 .
 .Pp
-It's questionable whether incoming fragments should be reassembled
+It is questionable whether incoming fragments should be reassembled
 before being diverted.
 For example, if only some fragments of a
 packet destined for another machine do not get routed through the

share/man/man4/ed.4

@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ whenever these problems occur, but otherwise there is no problem with
 recovering from these conditions.
 .Pp
 The NIC memory access to 3Com and Novell cards is much slower than it is on
-WD/SMC cards; it's less than 1MB/second on 8bit boards and less than 2MB/second
+WD/SMC cards; it is less than 1MB/second on 8bit boards and less than 2MB/second
 on the 16bit cards.
 This can lead to ring-buffer overruns resulting in
 dropped packets during heavy network traffic.

share/man/man4/gdb.4

@@ -258,8 +258,8 @@ interface.  portno defaults to 5556.
 
 Type 'getsyms' after connection to load kld symbols.
 
-If you're debugging a local system, you can use 'kldsyms' instead
+If you are debugging a local system, you can use 'kldsyms' instead
-to load the kld symbols.  That's a less obnoxious interface.
+to load the kld symbols.  That is a less obnoxious interface.
 (gdb) trf
 0xc21bd378 in ?? ()
 .Ed

share/man/man4/ieee80211.4

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ and its length via
 If the device does not support returning the WEP key or the user is not
 root then the key may be returned as all zeros.
 Technically this is a
-valid key, but it's the kind of key an idiot would put on his luggage so
+valid key, but it is the kind of key an idiot would put on his luggage so
 we use it as a special value.
 Generally, only four WEP keys are allowed, but some devices support more.
 If so, the first four (0-3) are

share/man/man4/iicbus.4

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ and to utilize different I2C controllers.
 I2C is an acronym for Inter Integrated Circuit bus.
 The I2C bus was developed
 in the early 1980's by Philips semiconductors.
-It's purpose was to provide an
+Its purpose was to provide an
 easy way to connect a CPU to peripheral chips in a TV-set.
 .Pp
 The BUS physically consists of 2 active wires and a ground connection.

share/man/man4/ipsec.4

@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ and AH authenticates encapsulating
 packet, not the encapsulated
 (inner)
 packet
-(so for the receiving kernel there's no sign of authenticity).
+(so for the receiving kernel there is no sign of authenticity).
 The issue will be solved when we revamp our policy engine to keep all the
 packet decapsulation history.
 .Pp

share/man/man4/man4.i386/ep.4

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Erase the pencil mark and reboot.
 .Xr ifconfig 8
 .Sh STANDARDS
 are great.
-There's so many to choose from.
+There is so many to choose from.
 .Sh BUGS
 Support for the 3Com 3C1 is not working.
 Support for the 3CCFEM556 Fast Ethernet cards has not been tested.

share/man/man4/man4.i386/lnc.4

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ the lower 16Mb of physical memory.
 The
 .Nm
 driver assumes the memory it allocates is within the lower 16Mb range.
-This is not a very valid assumption but there's nothing that can be done
+This is not a very valid assumption but there is nothing that can be done
 about it yet.
 For shared memory NICs this is not relevant.
 .It "lnc%d: Device timeout -- Resetting"

share/man/man4/man4.i386/svr4.4

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ with anecdotal reports of limited success coming from testers with
 early-revision SCO media.
 In theory, the basic SVR4 ABI should be constant
 across the set of vendors who produce SVR4 operating systems, but in
-practice that's probably not the case.
+practice that is probably not the case.
 If necessary, future work can
 either implement additional
 .Xr kld 4

share/man/man4/ng_ppp.4

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ is disabled, over the (single) PPP link.
 .Pp
 Typically when the controlling entity receives an unexpected packet on the
 .Dv bypass
-hook it responds either by dropping the frame (if it's not ready for
+hook it responds either by dropping the frame (if it is not ready for
 the protocol) or with an LCP protocol reject (if it does not recognize
 or expect the protocol).
 .Sh MULTILINK OPERATION

share/man/man4/ng_pppoe.4

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ struct ngpppoestat {
 This generic message returns is a human-readable version of the node status.
 (not yet)
 .It Dv NGM_PPPOE_CONNECT
-Tell a nominated newly created hook that it's session should enter
+Tell a nominated newly created hook that its session should enter
 the state machine in a manner to become a client.
 It must be newly created and
 a service name can be given as an argument.
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ This command uses the
 .Dv ngpppoe_init_data
 structure shown below.
 .It Dv NGM_PPPOE_LISTEN
-Tell a nominated newly created hook that it's session should enter
+Tell a nominated newly created hook that its session should enter
 the state machine in a manner to become a server listener.
 The argument
 given is the name of the service to listen on behalf of
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ This command uses the
 .Dv ngpppoe_init_data
 structure shown below.
 .It Dv NGM_PPPOE_OFFER
-Tell a nominated newly created hook that it's session should enter
+Tell a nominated newly created hook that its session should enter
 the state machine in a manner to become a server.
 The argument given is the name of the service to offer.
 A zero length service

share/man/man4/pcvt.4

@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ Since VGA's
 might have up to eight simultaneously loaded fonts, they can take
 CH_SET4, CH_SET5, CH_SET6, or CH_SET7, too.
 .Pp
-Note that there's a dependence between the font size
+Note that there is a dependence between the font size
 and a possible screen height
 (in character rows),
 depending on the video adaptor used:
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ being set to
 .Pp
 .Em VGA color palette interface
 .Pp
-Only on VGA adaptors, there's a color palette register at the output.
+Only on VGA adaptors, there is a color palette register at the output.
 It is responsible for the red, green and blue output voltage provided
 for each of the 256 internal color codes, each lying in the range of
 0 through 63 (with 63 representing the brightest value for a base color).
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ struct vgapel {
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
 .It VGAPCVTID
-returns information if the current compiled in driver is pcvt and it's
+returns information if the current compiled in driver is pcvt and its
 major and minor revision numbers.
 the call is taking a pointer to the
 following structure as argument:
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ struct pcvtid {
 .Pp
 .Bl -tag -width 20n -offset indent -compact
 .It VGAPCVTINFO
-returns information if the current compiled in driver is pcvt and it's
+returns information if the current compiled in driver is pcvt and its
 compile time options.
 the call is taking a pointer to the following
 structure as argument:

share/man/man5/periodic.conf.5

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ When
 is set to
 .Dq YES ,
 this must also be set to the number of days old that a file's access
-and modification times must be before it's deleted.
+and modification times must be before it is deleted.
 .It Va daily_clean_disks_verbose
 .Pq Vt bool
 Set to
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ is set to
 When
 .Va daily_clean_tmps_enable
 is set, this must also be set to the number of days old that a file's access
-and modification times must be before it's deleted.
+and modification times must be before it is deleted.
 .It Va daily_clean_tmps_ignore
 .Pq Vt str
 Set to the list of files that should not be deleted when

share/man/man7/firewall.7

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ to pass through all packets.
 Note, however, that using this option
 may open a small window of opportunity during booting where your
 firewall passes all packets.
-Still, it's a good option to use
+Still, it is a good option to use
 while getting up to speed with
 .Fx
 firewalling.
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ add 05000 deny log ip from any to any frag
 add 06000 deny all from any to any
 .Ed
 .Sh PORT BINDING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SERVICES
-We've mentioned multi-homing hosts and binding services to internal or
+We have mentioned multi-homing hosts and binding services to internal or
 external addresses but we have not really explained it.
 When you have a
 host with multiple IP addresses assigned to it, you can bind services run

share/man/man9/bus_dma.9

@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ with the addition that the length of the data mapped is provided via
 .Fa mapsize .
 .It Vt bus_dmasync_op_t
 Memory synchronization operation specifier.
-Bus DMA requires explicit synchronization of memory with it's device
+Bus DMA requires explicit synchronization of memory with its device
 visible mapping in order to guarantee memory coherency.
 The
 .Vt bus_dmasync_op_t

share/man/man9/mbuf.9

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ The system defines an advisory macro
 .Dv MINCLSIZE ,
 which is the smallest amount of data to put into an
 .Vt mbuf cluster .
-It's equal to the sum of
+It is equal to the sum of
 .Dv MLEN
 and
 .Dv MHLEN .
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ just adds
 .Vt mbufs
 to the
 .Vt mbuf chain .
-It's safe to set
+It is safe to set
 .Fa offset
 beyond the current
 .Vt mbuf chain

share/man/man9/uio.9

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ and processes the request in chunks of maximal the size of this
 buffer.
 Note that the buffer handling below is very simplified and
 will not work (the buffer pointer is not being advanced in case of a
-partial read), it's just here to demonstrate the
+partial read), it is just here to demonstrate the
 .Nm
 handling.
 .Bd -literal

usr.bin/file/file.1

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ The file system tests are based on examining the return from a
 .Xr stat 2
 system call.
 The program checks to see if the file is empty,
-or if it's some sort of special file.
+or if it is some sort of special file.
 Any known file types appropriate to the system you are running on
 (sockets, symbolic links, or named pipes (FIFOs) on those systems that
 implement them)

usr.bin/indent/indent.1

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ The default is
 Enables (disables) special
 .Ic else-if
 processing.
-If it's enabled, an
+If it is enabled, an
 .Ic if
 following an
 .Ic else
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ appear in your program that are defined by
 \- nothing will be
 harmed if you miss a few, but the program will not be formatted as nicely as
 it should.
-This sounds like a painful thing to have to do, but it's really
+This sounds like a painful thing to have to do, but it is really
 a symptom of a problem in C:
 .Ic typedef
 causes a syntactic change in the

usr.bin/mt/mt.1

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ considered definitive tape positions).
 Print (and clear) error status information about this device.
 For every normal
 operation (e.g., a read or a write) and every control operation (e.g,, a
-rewind), the driver stores up the last command executed and it's associated
+rewind), the driver stores up the last command executed and it is associated
 status and any residual counts (if any).
 This command retrieves and prints this
 information.

usr.bin/tr/tr.1

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ sequence to the length of
 If
 .Ar n
 has a leading zero, it is interpreted as an octal value, otherwise,
-it's interpreted as a decimal value.
+it is interpreted as a decimal value.
 .El
 .Sh ENVIRONMENT
 The

usr.bin/write/write.1

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ home, the message will go to the right place.
 .Pp
 The traditional protocol for writing to someone is that the string
 .Ql \-o ,
-either at the end of a line or on a line by itself, means that it's the
+either at the end of a line or on a line by itself, means that it is the
 other person's turn to talk.
 The string
 .Ql oo

usr.sbin/cron/cron/cron.8

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ intuitively expected.
 If a job falls into a time interval that disappears
 (for example, during the switch from
 standard time) to daylight saving time or is
-duplicated (for example, during the reverse switch), then it's handled
+duplicated (for example, during the reverse switch), then it is handled
 in one of two ways:
 .Pp
 The first case is for the jobs that run every at hour of a time interval

usr.sbin/cron/crontab/crontab.5

@@ -290,10 +290,10 @@ are extensions.
 .Sh AUTHORS
 .An Paul Vixie Aq paul@vix.com
 .Sh BUGS
-If you're in one of the 70-odd countries that observe Daylight
+If you are in one of the 70-odd countries that observe Daylight
 Savings Time, jobs scheduled during the rollback or advance will be
 affected.
-In general, it's not a good idea to schedule jobs during
+In general, it is not a good idea to schedule jobs during
 this period.
 .Pp
 For US timezones (except parts of IN, AZ, and HI) the time shift occurs at

usr.sbin/mergemaster/mergemaster.8

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ differences unless you choose context diffs.
 The
 .Nm
 utility will source scripts that you specify right before
-it starts the comparison, and after it's done running.
+it starts the comparison, and after it is done running.
 The easiest way to handle this is to place the path
 to the script(s) in the appropriate variables in your
 .Pa .mergemasterrc

usr.sbin/mrouted/mtrace.8

@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ changed with
 option).
 The first half of the attempts (default is two) are made with
 the reply address set to standard multicast address, mtrace.mcast.net
-(224.0.1.32) with the ttl set to 32 more than what's needed to pass the
+(224.0.1.32) with the ttl set to 32 more than what is needed to pass the
 thresholds seen so far along the path to the receiver.
 For each
 additional attempt, the ttl is increased by another 32 each time up to

usr.sbin/pcvt/scon/scon.1

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ If used with argument
 .Dq Ar list ,
 the current VGA DAC palette entries are listed.
 Each entry contains
-the table index, values for red, green, and blue, and if there's a
+the table index, values for red, green, and blue, and if there is a
 known name for this entry, the color name.
 Trailing empty table
 slots (RGB values all zero) are omitted.

usr.sbin/pkg_install/create/pkg_create.1

@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ The advantage of using
 .Cm @unexec
 over a deinstallation script is that you can use the
 .Dq special sequence expansion
-to get at files regardless of where they've
+to get at files regardless of where they have
 been potentially redirected (see
 .Fl p ) .
 .It Cm @mode Ar mode
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ Set default permission for all subsequently extracted files to
 .Ar mode .
 Format is the same as that used by the
 .Cm chmod
-command (well, considering that it's later handed off to it, that's
+command (well, considering that it is later handed off to it, that is
 no surprise).
 Use without an arg to set back to default (extraction)
 permissions.
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ trying to document some particularly hairy sequence that
 may trip someone up later.
 .It Cm @ignore
 Used internally to tell extraction to ignore the next file (do not
-copy it anywhere), as it's used for some special purpose.
+copy it anywhere), as it is used for some special purpose.
 .It Cm @ignore_inst
 Similar to
 .Cm @ignore ,

usr.sbin/ppp/ppp.8.m4

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Normally,
 .Em PPP
 is implemented as a part of the kernel (e.g., as managed by
 .Xr pppd 8 )
-and it's thus somewhat hard to debug and/or modify its behaviour.
+and it is thus somewhat hard to debug and/or modify its behaviour.
 However, in this implementation
 .Em PPP
 is done as a user process with the help of the
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ This mode is equivalent to
 .Fl auto
 mode except that
 .Nm
-will bring the link back up any time it's dropped for any reason.
+will bring the link back up any time it is dropped for any reason.
 .It Fl interactive
 This is a no-op, and gives the same behaviour as if none of the above
 modes have been specified.
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ into synchronous mode.
 .It Supports PPP over ISDN.
 If
 .Nm
-is given a raw B-channel i4b device to open as a link, it's able to talk
+is given a raw B-channel i4b device to open as a link, it is able to talk
 to the
 .Xr isdnd 8
 daemon to establish an ISDN connection.
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ as the user id that invoked
 .Nm .
 Refer to the
 .Sq ID0
-logging facility if you're interested in what exactly is done as user id
+logging facility if you are interested in what exactly is done as user id
 zero.
 .Sh GETTING STARTED
 When you first run
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ you may need to deal with some initial configuration details.
 Your kernel must {include} a tunnel device (the GENERIC kernel includes
 one by default).
 If it does not, or if you require more than one tun
-interface, you'll need to rebuild your kernel with the following line in
+interface, you will need to rebuild your kernel with the following line in
 your kernel configuration file:
 .Pp
 .Dl pseudo-device tun N
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ connection, try turning CTS/RTS off with
 .Dq set ctsrts off .
 If you need to do this, check the
 .Dq set accmap
-description below too - you'll probably need to
+description below too - you will probably need to
 .Dq set accmap 000a0000 .
 .Pp
 Usually, parity is set to
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ and this is
 default.
 Parity is a rather archaic error checking mechanism that is no
 longer used because modern modems do their own error checking, and most
-link-layer protocols (that's what
+link-layer protocols (that is what
 .Nm
 is) use much more reliable checking mechanisms.
 Parity has a relatively
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ PPp ON awfulhak>               # We've authenticated
 PPP ON awfulhak>               # We've agreed IP numbers
 .Ed
 .Pp
-If it does not, it's probable that the peer is waiting for your end to
+If it does not, it is probable that the peer is waiting for your end to
 start negotiating.
 To force
 .Nm
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ ppp ON awfulhak> load MyISP
 .Pp
 Note, no action is taken by
 .Nm
-after a section is loaded, whether it's the result of passing a label on
+after a section is loaded, whether it is the result of passing a label on
 the command line or using the
 .Dq load
 command.
@@ -1480,7 +1480,7 @@ Do not forget to send a
 .Dv HUP
 signal to
 .Xr inetd 8
-after you've updated
+after you have updated
 .Pa /etc/inetd.conf .
 Here, we use a label named
 .Dq ppp-in .
@@ -1515,7 +1515,7 @@ To enable PAP, add the following line:
  enable PAP
 .Ed
 .Pp
-You'll also need to create the following entry in
+You will also need to create the following entry in
 .Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret :
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
 MyAuthName MyAuthPasswd
@@ -1549,7 +1549,7 @@ ui-gate:
  add 10.0.2.0/24 HISADDR
 .Ed
 .Pp
-Again, if you're enabling PAP, you'll also need this in the
+Again, if you are enabling PAP, you will also need this in the
 .Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
 profile:
 .Bd -literal -offset indent
@@ -1557,7 +1557,7 @@ profile:
  set authkey MyAuthKey
 .Ed
 .Pp
-We're assigning the address of 10.0.4.1 to ui-gate, and the address
+We are assigning the address of 10.0.4.1 to ui-gate, and the address
 10.0.4.2 to awfulhak.
 To open the connection, just type
 .Pp
@@ -1629,7 +1629,7 @@ on the server:
   deny deflate pred1
 .Ed
 .Pp
-ensuring that you've put the requisite entry in
+ensuring that you have put the requisite entry in
 .Pa /etc/ppp/ppp.secret
 (MSCHAPv2 is challenge based, so
 .Xr passwd 5
@@ -1833,7 +1833,7 @@ If no rule in a defined set of rules matches a packet, that packet will
 be discarded (blocked).
 If there are no rules in a given filter, the packet will be permitted.
 .It
-It's possible to filter based on the payload of UDP frames where those
+It is possible to filter based on the payload of UDP frames where those
 frames contain a
 .Em PROTO_IP
 .Em PPP
@@ -1925,7 +1925,7 @@ For IPv4,
 .Nm
 uses IPCP to negotiate IP addresses.
 Each side of the connection
-specifies the IP address that it's willing to use, and if the requested
+specifies the IP address that it is willing to use, and if the requested
 IP address is acceptable then
 .Nm
 returns an ACK to the requester.
@@ -2016,10 +2016,10 @@ The above example means:
 .Pp
 .Bl -bullet -compact
 .It
-I'd like to use 192.244.177.38 as my address if it is possible, but I'll
+I would like to use 192.244.177.38 as my address if it is possible, but I will
 also accept any IP address between 192.244.177.0 and 192.244.177.255.
 .It
-I'd like to make him use 192.244.177.2 as his own address, but I'll also
+I would like to make him use 192.244.177.2 as his own address, but I will also
 permit him to use any IP address between 192.244.176.0 and
 192.244.191.255.
 .It
@@ -2031,7 +2031,7 @@ preferred IP address and will obey the remote peers selection.
 When using zero, no routing table entries will be made until a connection
 is established.
 .It
-192.244.177.2/0 means that I'll accept/permit any IP address but I'll
+192.244.177.2/0 means that I will accept/permit any IP address but I will
 suggest that 192.244.177.2 be used first.
 .El
 .Pp
@@ -2124,7 +2124,7 @@ Expect nothing.
 Send ATZ.
 .It
 Expect OK.
-If that's not received within the 4 second timeout, send ATZ
+If that is not received within the 4 second timeout, send ATZ
 and expect OK.
 .It
 Send ATDTxxxxxxx where xxxxxxx is the next number in the phone list from
@@ -2150,7 +2150,7 @@ This login "chat" string means:
 Set the timeout to 15 seconds.
 .It
 Expect "login:".
-If it's not received, send a carriage return and expect
+If it is not received, send a carriage return and expect
 "login:" again.
 .It
 Send "awfulhak"
@@ -2180,7 +2180,7 @@ logging is enabled, the actual password is not logged;
 is logged instead.
 .Pp
 Login scripts vary greatly between ISPs.
-If you're setting one up for the first time,
+If you are setting one up for the first time,
 .Em ENABLE CHAT LOGGING
 so that you can see if your script is behaving as you expect.
 .It
@@ -2196,7 +2196,7 @@ set speed 115200
 .Pp
 Cuad0 is the first serial port on
 .Fx .
-If you're running
+If you are running
 .Nm
 on
 .Ox ,
@@ -3005,7 +3005,7 @@ the UDP wrapper.
 The UDP frame payload must not be compressed in any way, otherwise
 .Nm
 will not be able to interpret it.
-It's therefore recommended that you
+It is therefore recommended that you
 .Ic disable vj pred1 deflate
 and
 .Ic deny vj pred1 deflate
@@ -3390,7 +3390,7 @@ section is always checked first (even though it is only ever automatically
 loaded at startup).
 .Dq allow users
 commands are cumulative in a given section, but users allowed in any given
-section override users allowed in the default section, so it's possible to
+section override users allowed in the default section, so it is possible to
 allow users access to everything except a given label by specifying default
 users in the
 .Sq default
@@ -3658,7 +3658,7 @@ This is replaced with the peers IP number.
 .It Li HISADDR6
 This is replaced with the peers IPv6 number.
 .It Li INTERFACE
-This is replaced with the name of the interface that's in use.
+This is replaced with the name of the interface that is in use.
 .It Li IPOCTETSIN
 This is replaced with the number of IP bytes received since the connection
 was established.
@@ -3762,7 +3762,7 @@ Clone the specified link, creating one or more new links according to the
 argument(s).
 This command must be used from the
 .Dq link
-command below unless you've only got a single link (in which case that
+command below unless you have only got a single link (in which case that
 link becomes the default).
 Links may be removed using the
 .Dq remove
@@ -3838,8 +3838,8 @@ and is provided for backwards compatibility.
 .It down Op Ar lcp|ccp
 Bring the relevant layer down ungracefully, as if the underlying layer
 had become unavailable.
-It's not considered polite to use this command on
+It is not considered polite to use this command on
-a Finite State Machine that's in the OPEN state.
+a Finite State Machine that is in the OPEN state.
 If no arguments are
 supplied, the entire link is closed (or if no context is given, all links
 are terminated).
@@ -4044,7 +4044,7 @@ IPCP is already open, it will be renegotiated and the network
 interface will be reconfigured.
 .Pp
 It is probably not good practice to re-open the PPP state machines
-like this as it's possible that the peer will not behave correctly.
+like this as it is possible that the peer will not behave correctly.
 It
 .Em is
 however useful as a way of forcing the CCP or VJ dictionaries to be reset.
@@ -4281,7 +4281,7 @@ in the CHAP response packet.
 .Pp
 When configuring
 .Nm
-in this manner, it's expected that the host challenge is a series of ASCII
+in this manner, it is expected that the host challenge is a series of ASCII
 digits or characters.
 An encryption device or Secure ID card is usually
 required to calculate the secret appropriate for the given challenge.
@@ -4319,7 +4319,7 @@ percent or less of the total bundle bandwidth for
 .Ar period
 seconds, a
 .Ar demand-dial
-link will be brought down as long as it's not the last active link.
+link will be brought down as long as it is not the last active link.
 .Pp
 Bundle throughput is measured as the maximum of inbound and outbound
 traffic.
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ that has been opened:
 .Bl -tag -width XXX -offset XXX
 .It Terminal Devices
 Carrier is checked one second after the login script is complete.
-If it's not set,
+If it is not set,
 .Nm
 assumes that this is because the device does not support carrier (which
 is true for most
@@ -4481,13 +4481,13 @@ As ptys do not support the TIOCMGET ioctl, the tty device will switch all
 carrier detection off when it detects that the device is a pty.
 .It ISDN (i4b) Devices
 Carrier is checked once per second for 6 seconds.
-If it's not set after
+If it is not set after
 the sixth second, the connection attempt is considered to have failed and
 the device is closed.
 Carrier is always required for i4b devices.
 .It PPPoE (netgraph) Devices
 Carrier is checked once per second for 5 seconds.
-If it's not set after
+If it is not set after
 the fifth second, the connection attempt is considered to have failed and
 the device is closed.
 Carrier is always required for PPPoE devices.
@@ -5036,7 +5036,7 @@ This is useful if the peer wants
 to re-establish a link using the same IP number as was previously
 allocated (thus maintaining any existing tcp or udp connections).
 .Pp
-If the peer requests an IP number that's either outside
+If the peer requests an IP number that is either outside
 of this range or is already in use,
 .Nm
 will suggest a random unused IP number from the range.
@@ -5226,7 +5226,7 @@ If any arguments are given,
 .Nm
 will
 .Em insist
-on using MPPE and will close the link if it's rejected by the peer (Note;
+on using MPPE and will close the link if it is rejected by the peer (Note;
 this behaviour can be overridden by a configured RADIUS server).
 .Pp
 The first argument specifies the number of bits that
@@ -5282,7 +5282,7 @@ is specified.
 The default MTU is 1500.
 At negotiation time,
 .Nm
-will accept whatever MRU the peer requests (assuming it's
+will accept whatever MRU the peer requests (assuming it is
 not less than 296 bytes or greater than the assigned maximum).
 If the MTU is set,
 .Nm
@@ -5393,7 +5393,7 @@ as it is not known when the commands in
 .Pa ppp.conf
 are executed.
 .It set radius Op Ar config-file
-This command enables RADIUS support (if it's compiled in).
+This command enables RADIUS support (if it is compiled in).
 .Ar config-file
 refers to the radius client configuration file as described in
 .Xr radius.conf 5 .
@@ -5584,7 +5584,7 @@ encryption.
 .It RAD_MICROSOFT_MS_MPPE_RECV_KEY
 If this
 .Dv RAD_VENDOR_MICROSOFT
-vendor specific attribute is supplied, it's value is used as the master
+vendor specific attribute is supplied, it is value is used as the master
 key for decryption of incoming data.
 When clients are authenticated using
 MSCHAPv2, the RADIUS server MUST provide this attribute if inbound MPPE is
@@ -5592,7 +5592,7 @@ to function.
 .It RAD_MICROSOFT_MS_MPPE_SEND_KEY
 If this
 .Dv RAD_VENDOR_MICROSOFT
-vendor specific attribute is supplied, it's value is used as the master
+vendor specific attribute is supplied, it is value is used as the master
 key for encryption of outgoing data.
 When clients are authenticated using
 MSCHAPv2, the RADIUS server MUST provide this attribute if outbound MPPE is
@@ -5986,7 +5986,7 @@ Use
 .Dq set ?\&
 and
 .Dq show ?\&
-to get online information about what's available.
+to get online information about what is available.
 .It
 The following URLs contain useful information:
 .Bl -bullet -compact

usr.sbin/rpc.yppasswdd/rpc.yppasswdd.8

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ utility uses the same access control mechanism as
 .Xr ypserv 8 . )
 .Pp
 The server then
-checks the 'old' password supplied by the user to make sure it's
+checks the 'old' password supplied by the user to make sure it is
 valid, then performs some sanity checks on the updated information (these
 include checking for embedded control characters, colons or invalid shells).
 Once it is satisfied that the update request is valid, the server modifies

usr.sbin/sa/sa.8

@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ format has changed as well (since user ids are now 32 bits).
 .An Chris G. Demetriou Aq cgd@postgres.berkeley.edu
 .Sh BUGS
 The number of options to this program is absurd, especially considering
-that there's not much logic behind their lettering.
+that there is not much logic behind their lettering.
 .Pp
 The field labels should be more consistent.
 .Pp

usr.sbin/sade/sade.8

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ systems.
 It also contains some extra intelligence
 for running as a replacement for
 .Xr init 8
-when it's invoked by the
+when it is invoked by the
 .Fx
 installation boot procedure.
 It
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ installation interactively at least once and take careful notes as to
 what the slice names will be, then and only then hardwiring them into
 the script.
 .Pp
-For example, let's say you have a SCSI disk on which you've created a new
+For example, let's say you have a SCSI disk on which you have created a new
 .Fx
 partition in slice 2 (your DOS partition residing in slice 1).
 The slice name would be
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional).
 .It _ftpPath
 The fully qualified URL of the FTP site containing the
 .Fx
-distribution you're interested in, e.g.\&
+distribution you are interested in, e.g.\&
 .Ar ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ .
 .El
 .It mediaSetFTPActive
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ the installation media.
 .It ufs
 full /path to directory containing the
 .Fx
-distribution you're
+distribution you are
 interested in.
 .El
 .It mediaSetNFS
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional).
 full hostname:/path specification for directory containing
 the
 .Fx
-distribution you're interested in.
+distribution you are interested in.
 .El
 .It mediaSetFTPUserPass
 .Pp
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ Execute an arbitrary command with
 The name of the command to execute.
 When running
 from a boot floppy, very minimal expectations should
-be made as to what's available until/unless a relatively
+be made as to what is available until/unless a relatively
 full system installation has just been done.
 .El
 .It tcpMenuSelect

usr.sbin/sysinstall/sysinstall.8

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ systems.
 It also contains some extra intelligence
 for running as a replacement for
 .Xr init 8
-when it's invoked by the
+when it is invoked by the
 .Fx
 installation boot procedure.
 It
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ installation interactively at least once and take careful notes as to
 what the slice names will be, then and only then hardwiring them into
 the script.
 .Pp
-For example, let's say you have a SCSI disk on which you've created a new
+For example, let's say you have a SCSI disk on which you have created a new
 .Fx
 partition in slice 2 (your DOS partition residing in slice 1).
 The slice name would be
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional).
 .It _ftpPath
 The fully qualified URL of the FTP site containing the
 .Fx
-distribution you're interested in, e.g.\&
+distribution you are interested in, e.g.\&
 .Ar ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ .
 .El
 .It mediaSetFTPActive
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ the installation media.
 .It ufs
 full /path to directory containing the
 .Fx
-distribution you're
+distribution you are
 interested in.
 .El
 .It mediaSetNFS
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional).
 full hostname:/path specification for directory containing
 the
 .Fx
-distribution you're interested in.
+distribution you are interested in.
 .El
 .It mediaSetFTPUserPass
 .Pp
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ Execute an arbitrary command with
 The name of the command to execute.
 When running
 from a boot floppy, very minimal expectations should
-be made as to what's available until/unless a relatively
+be made as to what is available until/unless a relatively
 full system installation has just been done.
 .El
 .It tcpMenuSelect

usr.sbin/syslogd/syslog.conf.5

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ for further descriptions of both the
 and
 .Em level
 keywords and their significance.
-It's preferred that selections be made on
+It is preferred that selections be made on
 .Em facility
 rather than
 .Em program ,
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ flowing quickly), this can be achieved by exiting after just one line of
 input.
 If necessary, a script wrapper can be written to this effect.
 .Pp
-Unless the command is a full pipeline, it's probably useful to
+Unless the command is a full pipeline, it is probably useful to
 start the command with
 .Em exec
 so that the invoking shell process does not wait for the command to

usr.sbin/ypserv/ypserv.8

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ the maps are always readable and writable only by root for security
 reasons.
 Technically this is only necessary for the password
 maps, but since the data in the other maps can be found in
-other world-readable files anyway, it does not hurt and it's considered
+other world-readable files anyway, it does not hurt and it is considered
 good general practice.
 .Pp
 The

usr.sbin/zic/zic.8

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ of years representable by
 values.
 .It Fl s
 Limit time values stored in output files to values that are the same
-whether they're taken to be signed or unsigned.
+whether they are taken to be signed or unsigned.
 You can use this option to generate SVVS-compatible files.
 .It Fl y Ar command
 Use the given
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Leading and trailing white space on input lines is ignored.
 An unquoted sharp character (#) in the input introduces a comment which extends
 to the end of the line the sharp character appears on.
 White space characters and sharp characters may be enclosed in double quotes
-(") if they're to be used as part of a field.
+(") if they are to be used as part of a field.
 Any line that is blank (after comment stripping) is ignored.
 Non-blank lines are expected to be of one of three types:
 rule lines, zone lines, and link lines.