Added octave-tracking.
Added the slur-mark feature. Name of ioctl's include sys/spkr.h changed to machine/speaker.h
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ache
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@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
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.Dd November 7, 1993
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.TH SPKR 4
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.Os FreeBSD
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.SH NAME
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spkr \- console speaker device driver
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.Nm spkr
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.Nd console speaker device driver
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The speaker device driver allows applications to control the PC console
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speaker on an IBM-PC-compatible machine running UNIX.
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@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ tones. Other processes may emit beeps while the driver is running.
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.PP
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Applications may call ioctl() on a speaker file descriptor to control the
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speaker driver directly; definitions for the ioctl() interface are in
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sys/spkr.h. The tone_t structure used in these calls has two fields,
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machine/speaker.h. The tone_t structure used in these calls has two fields,
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specifying a frequency (in hz) and a duration (in 1/100ths of a second).
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A frequency of zero is interpreted as a rest.
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.PP
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@ -30,7 +33,8 @@ a zero duration.
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.PP
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The play-string language is modelled on the PLAY statement conventions of
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IBM BASIC 2.0. The MB, MF and X primitives of PLAY are not useful in a UNIX
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environment and are omitted. The `octave-tracking' feature is also new.
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environment and are omitted. The `octave-tracking' feature and the slur
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mark are new.
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.PP
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There are 84 accessible notes numbered 1-83 in 7 octaves, each running from
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C to B, numbered 0-6; the scale is equal-tempered A440 and octave 3 starts
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@ -45,25 +49,26 @@ current octave. A note letter may optionally be followed by an \fIaccidental
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sign\fR, one of # + or -; the first two of these cause it to be sharped one
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half-tone, the last causes it to be flatted one half-tone. It may also be
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followed by a time value number and by sustain dots (see below). Time values
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are interpreted as for the L command below;.
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are interpreted as for the L command below.
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.PP
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O <n> -- if <n> is numeric, this sets the current octave. <n> may also be one
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of 'L' or 'N' to enable or disable octave-tracking (it is disabled by default).
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When octave-tracking is on, interpretation of a pair of letter notes will
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change octaves if necessary in order to make the smallest possible jump between
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notes. Thus "olbc" will be played as "olb>c", and "olcb" as "olc<b". Octave
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locking is disabled for one letter note following by >, < and O[0123456].
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locking is disabled for one letter note following >, < and O[0123456].
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(The octave-locking feature is not supported in Microsoft Basic.)
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.PP
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> -- bump the current octave up one.
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.PP
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< -- drop the current octave down one.
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.PP
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N <n> -- play note n, n being 1 to 84 or 0 for a rest of current time value.
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May be followedv by sustain dots.
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May be followed by sustain dots.
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.PP
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L <n> -- sets the current time value for notes. The default is L4, quarter
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notes. The lowest possible value is 1; values up to 64 are accepted. L1 sets
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whole notes, L2 sets half notes, L4 sets quarter notes, etc..
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L <n> -- sets the current time value for notes. The default is L4, quarter or
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crotchet notes. The lowest possible value is 1; values up to 64 are accepted.
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L1 sets whole notes, L2 sets half notes, L4 sets quarter notes, etc..
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.PP
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P <n> -- pause (rest), with <n> interpreted as for L. May be followed by
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sustain dots. May also be written '~'.
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@ -101,6 +106,10 @@ sustain dots. Each dot causes the note's value to be lengthened by one-half
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for each one. Thus, a note dotted once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value;
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dotted twice, it is held 9/4, and three times would give 27/8.
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.PP
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A note and its sustain dots may also be followed by a slur mark (underscore).
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This causes the normal micro-rest after the note to be filled in, slurring it
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to the next one. (The slur feature is not supported in Microsoft Basic.)
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.PP
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Whitespace in play strings is simply skipped and may be used to separate
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melody sections.
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.SH BUGS
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@ -108,10 +117,19 @@ Due to roundoff in the pitch tables and slop in the tone-generation and timer
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hardware (neither of which was designed for precision), neither pitch accuracy
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nor timings will be mathematically exact. There is no volume control.
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.PP
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The action of two or more sustain dots does not reflect standard musical
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notation, in which each dot adds half the value of the previous dot
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modifier, not half the value of the note as modified. Thus, a note dotted
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once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value; dotted twice, it is held 7/4,
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and three times would give 15/8. The multiply-by-3/2 interpretation,
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however, is specified in the IBM BASIC manual and has been retained for
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compatibility.
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.PP
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In play strings which are very long (longer than your system's physical I/O
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blocks) note suffixes or numbers may occasionally be parsed incorrectly due
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to crossing a block boundary.
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.SH FILES
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/dev/speaker -- speaker device file
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.SH AUTHOR
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Eric S. Raymond (esr@snark.thyrsus.com) Feb 1990
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Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com) June 1990
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FreeBSD port -- Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>
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@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
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.Dd November 7, 1993
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.TH SPKR 4
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.Os FreeBSD
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.SH NAME
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spkr \- console speaker device driver
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.Nm spkr
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.Nd console speaker device driver
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The speaker device driver allows applications to control the PC console
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speaker on an IBM-PC-compatible machine running UNIX.
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@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ tones. Other processes may emit beeps while the driver is running.
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.PP
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Applications may call ioctl() on a speaker file descriptor to control the
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speaker driver directly; definitions for the ioctl() interface are in
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sys/spkr.h. The tone_t structure used in these calls has two fields,
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machine/speaker.h. The tone_t structure used in these calls has two fields,
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specifying a frequency (in hz) and a duration (in 1/100ths of a second).
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A frequency of zero is interpreted as a rest.
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.PP
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@ -30,7 +33,8 @@ a zero duration.
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.PP
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The play-string language is modelled on the PLAY statement conventions of
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IBM BASIC 2.0. The MB, MF and X primitives of PLAY are not useful in a UNIX
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environment and are omitted. The `octave-tracking' feature is also new.
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environment and are omitted. The `octave-tracking' feature and the slur
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mark are new.
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.PP
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There are 84 accessible notes numbered 1-83 in 7 octaves, each running from
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C to B, numbered 0-6; the scale is equal-tempered A440 and octave 3 starts
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@ -45,25 +49,26 @@ current octave. A note letter may optionally be followed by an \fIaccidental
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sign\fR, one of # + or -; the first two of these cause it to be sharped one
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half-tone, the last causes it to be flatted one half-tone. It may also be
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followed by a time value number and by sustain dots (see below). Time values
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are interpreted as for the L command below;.
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are interpreted as for the L command below.
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.PP
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O <n> -- if <n> is numeric, this sets the current octave. <n> may also be one
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of 'L' or 'N' to enable or disable octave-tracking (it is disabled by default).
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When octave-tracking is on, interpretation of a pair of letter notes will
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change octaves if necessary in order to make the smallest possible jump between
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notes. Thus "olbc" will be played as "olb>c", and "olcb" as "olc<b". Octave
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locking is disabled for one letter note following by >, < and O[0123456].
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locking is disabled for one letter note following >, < and O[0123456].
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(The octave-locking feature is not supported in Microsoft Basic.)
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.PP
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> -- bump the current octave up one.
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.PP
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< -- drop the current octave down one.
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.PP
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N <n> -- play note n, n being 1 to 84 or 0 for a rest of current time value.
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May be followedv by sustain dots.
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May be followed by sustain dots.
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.PP
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L <n> -- sets the current time value for notes. The default is L4, quarter
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notes. The lowest possible value is 1; values up to 64 are accepted. L1 sets
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whole notes, L2 sets half notes, L4 sets quarter notes, etc..
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L <n> -- sets the current time value for notes. The default is L4, quarter or
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crotchet notes. The lowest possible value is 1; values up to 64 are accepted.
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L1 sets whole notes, L2 sets half notes, L4 sets quarter notes, etc..
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.PP
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P <n> -- pause (rest), with <n> interpreted as for L. May be followed by
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sustain dots. May also be written '~'.
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@ -101,6 +106,10 @@ sustain dots. Each dot causes the note's value to be lengthened by one-half
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for each one. Thus, a note dotted once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value;
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dotted twice, it is held 9/4, and three times would give 27/8.
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.PP
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A note and its sustain dots may also be followed by a slur mark (underscore).
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This causes the normal micro-rest after the note to be filled in, slurring it
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to the next one. (The slur feature is not supported in Microsoft Basic.)
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.PP
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Whitespace in play strings is simply skipped and may be used to separate
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melody sections.
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.SH BUGS
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@ -108,10 +117,19 @@ Due to roundoff in the pitch tables and slop in the tone-generation and timer
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hardware (neither of which was designed for precision), neither pitch accuracy
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nor timings will be mathematically exact. There is no volume control.
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.PP
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The action of two or more sustain dots does not reflect standard musical
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notation, in which each dot adds half the value of the previous dot
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modifier, not half the value of the note as modified. Thus, a note dotted
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once is held for 3/2 of its undotted value; dotted twice, it is held 7/4,
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and three times would give 15/8. The multiply-by-3/2 interpretation,
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however, is specified in the IBM BASIC manual and has been retained for
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compatibility.
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.PP
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In play strings which are very long (longer than your system's physical I/O
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blocks) note suffixes or numbers may occasionally be parsed incorrectly due
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to crossing a block boundary.
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.SH FILES
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/dev/speaker -- speaker device file
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.SH AUTHOR
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Eric S. Raymond (esr@snark.thyrsus.com) Feb 1990
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Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com) June 1990
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FreeBSD port -- Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>
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