From 59b8fbef6c807537f08ce49bdf9db73f7f9e07f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Edwin Groothuis <edwin@FreeBSD.org>
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2013 21:04:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] Update to tzdata2013f:

Jordan goes to winter time on the last Friday in October.
Tocantins in Brazil will not go into summer time in October.
Indonesian time zones renames.
Lots of cleanups in with regarding to links and historical data.
---
 africa            |   4 +-
 antarctica        |  27 ++----
 asia              |  91 +++++++++++-------
 australasia       |  31 +++++--
 backward          |  14 +--
 etcetera          |   4 +-
 europe            | 126 +++++++++++++++++--------
 iso3166.tab       |   6 +-
 leap-seconds.list | 231 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 leapseconds       | 100 --------------------
 northamerica      | 142 +++++++++++-----------------
 southamerica      |  57 +++++++++---
 zone.tab          |  32 +++----
 13 files changed, 544 insertions(+), 321 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 leap-seconds.list
 delete mode 100644 leapseconds

diff --git a/africa b/africa
index a92d7f511f33..9a5d93bff030 100644
--- a/africa
+++ b/africa
@@ -1100,9 +1100,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # South Sudan
-Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:24 -	LMT	1931
-			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
-			3:00	-	EAT
+Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
 
 # Swaziland
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
diff --git a/antarctica b/antarctica
index 9bf2494ad198..5333b7b3d45a 100644
--- a/antarctica
+++ b/antarctica
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 #
 # Except for the French entries,
 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
-# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+# FORMAT is 'zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
 
-# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
+# These rules are stolen from the 'southamerica' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ArgAQ	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -228,9 +228,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	zzz	1957 Jan 29
 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
 #
 # year-round base
-# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
+# Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
+# See Pacific/Auckland.
 #
-# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
+# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the 'australasia' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	NZAQ	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZAQ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
@@ -268,11 +269,11 @@ Rule	NZAQ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
 # what they had to say about time there:
-# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
+# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
-# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
+# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
@@ -337,16 +338,8 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	zzz	1965
 			-4:00	ChileAQ	CL%sT
 #
 #
-# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/McMurdo	0	-	zzz	1956
-			12:00	NZAQ	NZ%sT
-#
-# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
-# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
+# McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
+# Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
 #
 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
@@ -368,4 +361,4 @@ Zone Antarctica/McMurdo	0	-	zzz	1956
 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
 #
-Link	Antarctica/McMurdo	Antarctica/South_Pole
+# See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
diff --git a/asia b/asia
index 79cfc4883b4e..580a179776a0 100644
--- a/asia
+++ b/asia
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@
 #	4:00 GST	Gulf*
 #	5:30 IST	India
 #	7:00 ICT	Indochina*
-#	7:00 WIT	west Indonesia
-#	8:00 CIT	central Indonesia
+#	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
+#	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
 #	8:00 CST	China
 #	9:00 CJT	Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
-#	9:00 EIT	east Indonesia
+#	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
 #	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
 #	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea
 #	9:30 CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
 			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
 			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
-			8:00	-	CIT	2000 Sep 17 00:00
+			8:00	-	WITA	2000 Sep 17 00:00
 			9:00	-	TLT
 
 # India
@@ -793,36 +793,53 @@ Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
 # switched on 1945-09-23.
 #
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
+# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
+# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
+# when writing in English.  For example, see the English-language
+# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
+# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
+# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
+# The abbreviations are:
+#
+# WIB  - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
+# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
+# WIT  - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+# Java, Sumatra
 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
 # but this must be a typo.
-			7:07:12	-	JMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
+			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
 			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
-			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Mar 23
+			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Mar 23
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
-			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
-			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
-			7:30	-	WIT	1964
-			7:00	-	WIT
+			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
+			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
+			7:30	-	WIB	1964
+			7:00	-	WIB
+# west and central Borneo
 Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
 			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
-			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Jan 29
+			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Jan 29
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
-			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
-			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
-			7:30	-	WIT	1964
-			8:00	-	CIT	1988 Jan  1
-			7:00	-	WIT
+			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
+			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
+			7:30	-	WIB	1964
+			8:00	-	WITA	1988 Jan  1
+			7:00	-	WIB
+# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
 Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
-			8:00	-	CIT	1942 Feb  9
+			8:00	-	WITA	1942 Feb  9
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
-			8:00	-	CIT
+			8:00	-	WITA
+# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
-			9:00	-	EIT	1944 Sep  1
+			9:00	-	WIT	1944 Sep  1
 			9:30	-	CST	1964
-			9:00	-	EIT
+			9:00	-	WIT
 
 # Iran
 
@@ -1364,9 +1381,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
 # until about the same time next year (at least).
 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-25):
-# For now, assume this is just a one-year measure.  If it becomes
-# permanent, we should move Jordan from EET to AST effective tomorrow.
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-21):
+# It's looking like this change will be permanent; see
+# Petra News Agency, Cancelling winter saved Jordan $7 million (2013-02-20)
+# <http://www.albawaba.com/business/jordan-winter-electricity--472005>.
+# So move Jordan to UTC+3 as of the abovementioned date.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -1392,15 +1411,15 @@ Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2000	2001	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	2002	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	2002	2012	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
 Rule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	2006	2011	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	2013	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	2006	2012	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
-			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
+			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	2012 Oct 26 0:00s
+			3:00	-	AST
 
 
 # Kazakhstan
@@ -2280,9 +2299,18 @@ Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-04-15):
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
+# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
+# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
+# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
+# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
+# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
+# official source...:
+# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24):
 # For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through
-# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 01:00.  This is consistent with
+# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00.  This is consistent with
 # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs,
 # which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively:
 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702
@@ -2313,7 +2341,8 @@ Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	30	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
 Rule Palestine	2012	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2012	max	-	Sep	Fri>=21	1:00	0	-
+Rule Palestine	2012	only	-	Sep	21	1:00	0	-
+Rule Palestine	2013	max	-	Sep	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
diff --git a/australasia b/australasia
index 797f81ce2aad..8685d004645c 100644
--- a/australasia
+++ b/australasia
@@ -352,16 +352,25 @@ Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
+
+# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
+# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 and end at 3am
+# on Sunday 19th January, 2014....  move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
+# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31):
-# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January.
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
+# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth
+# Monday in October.  This matches both recent practice and
+# timeanddate.com's current spring-forward prediction.
+# For the January 2014 transition we guessed right while timeanddate.com
+# guessed wrong, so leave the fall-back prediction alone.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Fiji	1998	1999	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	1999	2000	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2009	only	-	Nov	29	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2010	only	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Fiji	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=18	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Fiji	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2012	max	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -487,6 +496,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1957 Jan  1
 			12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT
 
+Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
 
 # Auckland Is
 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
@@ -736,7 +746,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
 # uninhabited thereafter.
-# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
+# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
@@ -749,8 +759,17 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
 
 # Johnston
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-03):
+# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
+# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
+# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
+# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time."  This was in June 1945, and
+# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
+# We have no better information, so for now, assume this has been true
+# indefinitely into the past.
+#
+# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
 
 # Kingman
 # uninhabited
diff --git a/backward b/backward
index dc7769fb1fc6..06fb192eb179 100644
--- a/backward
+++ b/backward
@@ -22,15 +22,17 @@ Link	America/Kentucky/Louisville	America/Louisville
 Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
 Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
 Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
-Link	America/St_Thomas	America/Virgin
+Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
+Link	America/Port_of_Spain	America/Virgin
+Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole
 Link	Asia/Ashgabat		Asia/Ashkhabad
+Link	Asia/Kolkata		Asia/Calcutta
 Link	Asia/Chongqing		Asia/Chungking
 Link	Asia/Dhaka		Asia/Dacca
 Link	Asia/Kathmandu		Asia/Katmandu
-Link	Asia/Kolkata		Asia/Calcutta
 Link	Asia/Macau		Asia/Macao
-Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Asia/Tel_Aviv
 Link	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Asia/Saigon
+Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Asia/Tel_Aviv
 Link	Asia/Thimphu		Asia/Thimbu
 Link	Asia/Makassar		Asia/Ujung_Pandang
 Link	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Asia/Ulan_Bator
@@ -88,10 +90,10 @@ Link	Pacific/Auckland	NZ
 Link	Pacific/Chatham		NZ-CHAT
 Link	America/Denver		Navajo
 Link	Asia/Shanghai		PRC
-Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Pacific/Samoa
-Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Yap
-Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Truk
 Link	Pacific/Pohnpei		Pacific/Ponape
+Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Pacific/Samoa
+Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Truk
+Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Yap
 Link	Europe/Warsaw		Poland
 Link	Europe/Lisbon		Portugal
 Link	Asia/Taipei		ROC
diff --git a/etcetera b/etcetera
index a9ff729383b5..9ba7f7bdd9b0 100644
--- a/etcetera
+++ b/etcetera
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT0
 # even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
 # POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
 # positive signs east of Greenwich.  For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
-# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UTC
+# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
 # (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
-# mean 4 hours ahead of UTC (i.e. east of Greenwich).
+# mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich).
 #
 # In the draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x, the angle bracket notation allows for
 # TZ='<GMT-4>+4'; if you want time zone abbreviations conforming to
diff --git a/europe b/europe
index 0f429da8b940..a7b16765386f 100644
--- a/europe
+++ b/europe
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 #	</a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
 
 #
-# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
+# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
 #                   std dst  2dst
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
 # of the text said:
 #
-# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
+# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
 # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
 # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
-# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
+# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
@@ -165,10 +165,10 @@
 #	</a>
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
+# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
-# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
+# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
 #
@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@
 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
+# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
-# so we use `BDST'.
+# so we use 'BDST'.
 
 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
@@ -431,6 +431,8 @@ Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT
 Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
 # See EU for rules starting in 1996.
+#
+# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1 0:00s
@@ -797,7 +799,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Bulgaria
 #
@@ -825,10 +827,10 @@ Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Croatia
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Cyprus
-# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
+# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
 
 # Czech Republic
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -845,6 +847,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 17 2:00s
 			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
 
 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
 
@@ -1008,12 +1011,12 @@ Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
-# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
+# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
 # human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
-# summer time next spring.''
+# summer time next spring."
 
 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
 # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
@@ -1068,7 +1071,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
 # and it's supposed to change at 4am...
 
-# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715):
+# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
 #
 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
@@ -1125,7 +1128,7 @@ Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 
 #
-# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
+# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
@@ -1415,7 +1418,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1837
 # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
 # </a>
-# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
+# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
 #
 # year	FP	Shanks&P. (S)	Whitman (W)	Go with:
@@ -1561,10 +1564,22 @@ Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Liechtenstein
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
-			1:00	-	CET	1981
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
+# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
+
+# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
+# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
+# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
+# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
+#    ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
+#    introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland.  From 1943 on
+#    central European time was in force throughout the year.
+#    From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
+#    regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
+
+Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
+
 
 # Lithuania
 
@@ -1652,7 +1667,7 @@ Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Macedonia
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Malta
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -1745,7 +1760,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Montenegro
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Netherlands
 
@@ -1860,7 +1875,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
 #
 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
@@ -1871,7 +1886,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
 # frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
-# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
+# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
 #
 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
@@ -1884,9 +1899,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
 #
-# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970.  Unless we can
-# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
-# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now:
+# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
+# for these regions.
 Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
 
 # Poland
@@ -2144,7 +2158,7 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
 #
 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
-# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
+# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
@@ -2443,6 +2457,9 @@ Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	2011 Mar 27 2:00s
 			12:00	-	ANAT
 
+# San Marino
+# See Europe/Rome.
+
 # Serbia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
@@ -2465,7 +2482,7 @@ Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 
 # Slovenia
-# see Serbia
+# See Europe/Belgrade.
 
 # Spain
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -2599,7 +2616,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
+# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
 # Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
 # Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
@@ -2644,23 +2661,53 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # The 1940 rules must be deleted.
 #
 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
-# most users of tzdata:
-# The zone file
-# Zone    Europe/Zurich   0:34:08 -       LMT     1848 Sep 12
-#                          0:29:44 -       BMT     1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time
-#                          1:00    Swiss   CE%sT   1981
-#                          1:00    EU      CE%sT
+# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
 # the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
+#
+# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
+# The Federal regulations say
+# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
+# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
+# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
+
+# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
+# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
+# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
+# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
+# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
+# hour before the beginning of service.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
+# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
+#
+# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
+# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12.  This book:
+#
+#	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
+#	Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
+#	ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
+#
+# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
+# agree about civil time during the transition.  The timekeeping it gives the
+# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
+# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
+# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
+# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859).  On p 72 Messerli writes that in
+# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
+# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
+# (Google translation).  For now, model this transition as occurring on
+# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
+# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1848 Sep 12
-			0:29:44	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
+Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
+			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
 			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -2884,7 +2931,7 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
+# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
 # changed in May.
@@ -2898,6 +2945,9 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
 			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
+# Vatican City
+# See Europe/Rome.
+
 ###############################################################################
 
 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
diff --git a/iso3166.tab b/iso3166.tab
index c184a812e393..a1e4b42e4443 100644
--- a/iso3166.tab
+++ b/iso3166.tab
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 # 1.  ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
 #     ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-15 (2013-05-10).  See: Updates on ISO 3166
 #   http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes/updates_on_iso_3166.htm
-# 2.  The usual English name for the country,
+# 2.  The usual English name for the coded region,
 #     chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
 #     This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
 #
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 # to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
 #
 #country-
-#code	country name
+#code	name of country, territory, area, or subdivision
 AD	Andorra
 AE	United Arab Emirates
 AF	Afghanistan
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ BL	St Barthelemy
 BM	Bermuda
 BN	Brunei
 BO	Bolivia
-BQ	Bonaire, St Eustatius & Saba
+BQ	Caribbean Netherlands
 BR	Brazil
 BS	Bahamas
 BT	Bhutan
diff --git a/leap-seconds.list b/leap-seconds.list
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7df3de60484d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/leap-seconds.list
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+#
+#	In the following text, the symbol '#' introduces
+#	a comment, which continues from that symbol until 
+#	the end of the line. A plain comment line has a
+#	whitespace character following the comment indicator.
+#	There are also special comment lines defined below. 
+#	A special comment will always have a non-whitespace 
+#	character in column 2.
+#
+#	A blank line should be ignored.
+#
+#	The following table shows the corrections that must
+#	be applied to compute International Atomic Time (TAI)
+#	from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) values that
+#	are transmitted by almost all time services.
+#
+#	The first column shows an epoch as a number of seconds
+#	since 1900.0 and the second column shows the number of
+#	seconds that must be added to UTC to compute TAI for
+#	any timestamp at or after that epoch. The value on 
+#	each line is valid from the indicated initial instant
+#	until the epoch given on the next one or indefinitely 
+#	into the future if there is no next line.
+#	(The comment on each line shows the representation of
+#	the corresponding initial epoch in the usual 
+#	day-month-year format. The epoch always begins at
+#	00:00:00 UTC on the indicated day. See Note 5 below.)
+#	
+#	Important notes:
+#
+#	1. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is often referred to
+#	as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The GMT time scale is no
+#	longer used, and the use of GMT to designate UTC is
+#	discouraged.
+#
+#	2. The UTC time scale is realized by many national 
+#	laboratories and timing centers. Each laboratory
+#	identifies its realization with its name: Thus
+#	UTC(NIST), UTC(USNO), etc. The differences among
+#	these different realizations are typically on the
+#	order of a few nanoseconds (i.e., 0.000 000 00x s)
+#	and can be ignored for many purposes. These differences
+#	are tabulated in Circular T, which is published monthly
+#	by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures
+#	(BIPM). See www.bipm.fr for more information.
+#
+#	3. The current defintion of the relationship between UTC 
+#	and TAI dates from 1 January 1972. A number of different 
+#	time scales were in use before than epoch, and it can be 
+#	quite difficult to compute precise timestamps and time 
+#	intervals in those "prehistoric" days. For more information,
+#	consult:
+#
+#		The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical
+#		Ephemeris.
+#	or
+#		Terry Quinn, "The BIPM and the Accurate Measurement
+#		of Time," Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 79, pp. 894-905,
+#		July, 1991.
+#
+#	4.  The insertion of leap seconds into UTC is currently the
+#	responsibility of the International Earth Rotation Service,
+#	which is located at the Paris Observatory: 
+#
+#	Central Bureau of IERS
+#	61, Avenue de l'Observatoire
+#	75014 Paris, France.
+#
+#	Leap seconds are announced by the IERS in its Bulletin C
+#
+#	See hpiers.obspm.fr or www.iers.org for more details.
+#
+#	All national laboratories and timing centers use the
+#	data from the BIPM and the IERS to construct their
+#	local realizations of UTC.
+#
+#	Although the definition also includes the possibility
+#	of dropping seconds ("negative" leap seconds), this has 
+#	never been done and is unlikely to be necessary in the 
+#	foreseeable future.
+#
+#	5. If your system keeps time as the number of seconds since
+#	some epoch (e.g., NTP timestamps), then the algorithm for
+#	assigning a UTC time stamp to an event that happens during a positive
+#	leap second is not well defined. The official name of that leap 
+#	second is 23:59:60, but there is no way of representing that time 
+#	in these systems. 
+#	Many systems of this type effectively stop the system clock for 
+#	one second during the leap second and use a time that is equivalent 
+#	to 23:59:59 UTC twice. For these systems, the corresponding TAI 
+#	timestamp would be obtained by advancing to the next entry in the
+#	following table when the time equivalent to 23:59:59 UTC
+#	is used for the second time. Thus the leap second which
+#	occurred on 30 June 1972 at 23:59:59 UTC would have TAI
+#	timestamps computed as follows:
+#
+#	...
+#	30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599, first time):	TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
+#	30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785599,second time):	TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
+#	1  July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600)		TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
+#	...
+#
+#	If your system realizes the leap second by repeating 00:00:00 UTC twice
+#	(this is possible but not usual), then the advance to the next entry
+#	in the table must occur the second time that a time equivlent to 
+#	00:00:00 UTC is used. Thus, using the same example as above:
+#
+#	...
+#       30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599):		TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
+#       30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785600, first time):	TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
+#       1  July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600,second time):	TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
+#	...
+#
+#	in both cases the use of timestamps based on TAI produces a smooth
+#	time scale with no discontinuity in the time interval.
+#
+#	This complexity would not be needed for negative leap seconds (if they 
+#	are ever used). The UTC time would skip 23:59:59 and advance from 
+#	23:59:58 to 00:00:00 in that case.  The TAI offset would decrease by 
+#	1 second at the same instant.  This is a much easier situation to deal 
+#	with, since the difficulty of unambiguously representing the epoch 
+#	during the leap second does not arise.
+#
+#	Questions or comments to:
+#		Judah Levine
+#		Time and Frequency Division
+#		NIST
+#		Boulder, Colorado
+#		jlevine@boulder.nist.gov
+#
+#	Last Update of leap second values:   11 January 2012
+#
+#	The following line shows this last update date in NTP timestamp 
+#	format. This is the date on which the most recent change to
+#	the leap second data was added to the file. This line can
+#	be identified by the unique pair of characters in the first two 
+#	columns as shown below.
+#
+#$	 3535228800
+#
+#	The NTP timestamps are in units of seconds since the NTP epoch,
+#	which is 1900.0. The Modified Julian Day number corresponding
+#	to the NTP time stamp, X, can be computed as 
+#
+#	X/86400 + 15020
+#
+#	where the first term converts seconds to days and the second 
+#	term adds the MJD corresponding to 1900.0. The integer portion
+#	of the result is the integer MJD for that day, and any remainder
+#	is the time of day, expressed as the fraction of the day since 0 
+#	hours UTC. The conversion from day fraction to seconds or to
+#	hours, minutes, and seconds may involve rounding or truncation,
+#	depending on the method used in the computation.
+#
+#	The data in this file will be updated periodically as new leap 
+#	seconds are announced. In addition to being entered on the line
+#	above, the update time (in NTP format) will be added to the basic 
+#	file name leap-seconds to form the name leap-seconds.<NTP TIME>.
+#	In addition, the generic name leap-seconds.list will always point to 
+#	the most recent version of the file.
+#
+#	This update procedure will be performed only when a new leap second
+#	is announced. 
+#
+#	The following entry specifies the expiration date of the data
+#	in this file in units of seconds since 1900.0.  This expiration date 
+#	will be changed at least twice per year whether or not a new leap 
+#	second is announced. These semi-annual changes will be made no
+#	later than 1 June and 1 December of each year to indicate what
+#	action (if any) is to be taken on 30 June and 31 December, 
+#	respectively. (These are the customary effective dates for new
+#	leap seconds.) This expiration date will be identified by a
+#	unique pair of characters in columns 1 and 2 as shown below.
+#	In the unlikely event that a leap second is announced with an 
+#	effective date other than 30 June or 31 December, then this
+#	file will be edited to include that leap second as soon as it is
+#	announced or at least one month before the effective date
+#	(whichever is later). 
+#	If an announcement by the IERS specifies that no leap second is 
+#	scheduled, then only the expiration date of the file will 
+#	be advanced to show that the information in the file is still
+#	current -- the update time stamp, the data and the name of the file 
+#	will not change.
+#
+#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C46
+#	File expires on:  28 June 2014
+#
+#@	3612902400
+#
+2272060800	10	# 1 Jan 1972
+2287785600	11	# 1 Jul 1972
+2303683200	12	# 1 Jan 1973
+2335219200	13	# 1 Jan 1974
+2366755200	14	# 1 Jan 1975
+2398291200	15	# 1 Jan 1976
+2429913600	16	# 1 Jan 1977
+2461449600	17	# 1 Jan 1978
+2492985600	18	# 1 Jan 1979
+2524521600	19	# 1 Jan 1980
+2571782400	20	# 1 Jul 1981
+2603318400	21	# 1 Jul 1982
+2634854400	22	# 1 Jul 1983
+2698012800	23	# 1 Jul 1985
+2776982400	24	# 1 Jan 1988
+2840140800	25	# 1 Jan 1990
+2871676800	26	# 1 Jan 1991
+2918937600	27	# 1 Jul 1992
+2950473600	28	# 1 Jul 1993
+2982009600	29	# 1 Jul 1994
+3029443200	30	# 1 Jan 1996
+3076704000	31	# 1 Jul 1997
+3124137600	32	# 1 Jan 1999
+3345062400	33	# 1 Jan 2006
+3439756800	34	# 1 Jan 2009
+3550089600	35	# 1 Jul 2012
+#
+#	the following special comment contains the
+#	hash value of the data in this file computed
+#	use the secure hash algorithm as specified
+#	by FIPS 180-1. See the files in ~/pub/sha for
+#	the details of how this hash value is
+#	computed. Note that the hash computation
+#	ignores comments and whitespace characters
+#	in data lines. It includes the NTP values
+#	of both the last modification time and the 
+#	expiration time of the file, but not the
+#	white space on those lines.
+#	the hash line is also ignored in the
+#	computation.
+#
+#h	1151a8f e85a5069 9000fcdb 3d5e5365 1d505b37
diff --git a/leapseconds b/leapseconds
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b5c70eb6bf1..000000000000
--- a/leapseconds
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-# <pre>
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file.
-
-# The International Earth Rotation Service periodically uses leap seconds
-# to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
-# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see
-# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time,
-# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905.
-# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism
-# accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation
-# did not exist until the early 1970s.
-
-# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so lines
-# will typically look like:
-#	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	R/S
-# or
-#	Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	R/S
-
-# If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time
-# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC
-
-# Leap	YEAR	MONTH	DAY	HH:MM:SS	CORR	R/S
-Leap	1972	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1972	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1973	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1974	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1975	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1976	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1977	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1978	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1979	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1981	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1982	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1983	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1985	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1987	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1989	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1990	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1992	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1993	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1994	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1995	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1997	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1998	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	2005	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	2008	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	2012	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-
-# INTERNATIONAL EARTH ROTATION AND REFERENCE SYSTEMS SERVICE (IERS)
-#
-# SERVICE INTERNATIONAL DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE ET DES SYSTEMES DE REFERENCE
-#
-#
-# SERVICE DE LA ROTATION TERRESTRE
-# OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS
-# 61, Av. de l'Observatoire 75014 PARIS (France)
-# Tel.      : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 26
-# FAX       : 33 (0) 1 40 51 22 91
-# e-mail    : (E-Mail Removed)
-# http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc
-#
-# Paris, 5 January 2012
-#
-#
-# Bulletin C 43
-#
-# To authorities responsible
-# for the measurement and
-# distribution of time
-#
-#
-# UTC TIME STEP
-# on the 1st of July 2012
-#
-#
-# A positive leap second will be introduced at the end of June 2012.
-# The sequence of dates of the UTC second markers will be:
-#
-#                          2012 June 30,     23h 59m 59s
-#                          2012 June 30,     23h 59m 60s
-#                          2012 July  1,      0h  0m  0s
-#
-# The difference between UTC and the International Atomic Time TAI is:
-#
-# from 2009 January 1, 0h UTC, to 2012 July 1  0h UTC  : UTC-TAI = - 34s
-# from 2012 July 1,    0h UTC, until further notice    : UTC-TAI = - 35s
-#
-# Leap seconds can be introduced in UTC at the end of the months of December
-# or June, depending on the evolution of UT1-TAI. Bulletin C is mailed every
-# six months, either to announce a time step in UTC or to confirm that there
-# will be no time step at the next possible date.
-#
-#
-# Daniel GAMBIS
-# Head
-# Earth Orientation Center of IERS
-# Observatoire de Paris, France
diff --git a/northamerica b/northamerica
index 1964903ebb71..c3921d3857a0 100644
--- a/northamerica
+++ b/northamerica
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 # Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
 # Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
 # Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
-# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
+# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
 # in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
 # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
-# in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
-# of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
+# in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
+# of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
 # Not everyone is happy with the results:
 #
 #	I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 #    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
-# I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
+# The tables below use 'NST', not 'NT', for Nome Standard Time.
+# I invented 'CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
 
 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
 # USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
@@ -237,9 +237,9 @@ Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
 # H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
 #   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
 #   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
-#     (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
+#     (1) by striking 'first Sunday of April' and inserting 'second
 #     Sunday of March'; and
-#     (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
+#     (2) by striking 'last Sunday of October' and inserting 'first
 #     Sunday of November'.
 #   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
 #   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
@@ -600,6 +600,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00 #Schmitt&Cox
 			-10:30	-	HST	1947 Jun  8 2:00 #Schmitt&Cox+2
 			-10:00	-	HST
 
+Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
+
 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 
 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
@@ -636,8 +638,9 @@ Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
 # Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
 # large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
 # tribal nations don't use DST.)
-
-Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
+# See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
 
 # Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
 # Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
@@ -677,13 +680,13 @@ Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
 #   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
 #
 # Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
-# and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
+# and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
 # Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
 # Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
 #
 # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
-# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
-# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
+# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
+# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
 # http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
@@ -947,8 +950,8 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
 # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
-# Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
-# one hour in 1914.''  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
+# Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
+# one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
 # info, so omit this for now.
 #
 # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
@@ -988,7 +991,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
 # US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
 # currently uninhabited
-# see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
+# see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
 # Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
 
@@ -1022,7 +1025,7 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
 #	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
 #	<http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
 #
-# See the `europe' file for Greenland.
+# See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
 
 # Canada
 
@@ -1223,7 +1226,7 @@ Zone America/St_Johns	-3:30:52 -	LMT	1884
 
 # most of east Labrador
 
-# The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
+# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
 			-3:30:52 -	NST	1918
@@ -1340,25 +1343,27 @@ Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
 
 # Quebec
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Quebec has been
-# like Montreal.
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-30):
+# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto.
+# However, because earlier versions of the tz database mistakenly relied on data
+# from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec differed from Ontario after 1970,
+# a separate entry was created for most of Quebec.  We're loath to lose
+# its pre-1970 info, even though the tz database is normally limited to
+# zones that differ after 1970, so keep this otherwise out-of-scope entry.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
 # Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
 # meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
 # Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
-# In "Official time in Quebec" the Quebec department of justice writes in
-# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-regl-1-a.htm
-# that "The residents of the Municipality of the
-# Cote-Nord-du-Golfe-Saint-Laurent and the municipalities of Saint-Augustin,
-# Bonne-Esperance and Blanc-Sablon apply the Official Time Act as it is
-# written and use Atlantic standard time all year round. The same applies to
-# the residents of the Native facilities along the lower North Shore."
-# <http://www.assnat.qc.ca/eng/37legislature2/Projets-loi/Publics/06-a002.htm>
+# The Quebec department of justice writes in
+# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Cote-Nord"
+# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-minganie-a.htm
+# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
+# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
+# http://www.assnat.qc.ca/Media/Process.aspx?MediaId=ANQ.Vigie.Bll.DocumentGenerique_8845en
 # says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
 # For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
 # Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
+# for post-1970 data America/Puerto_Rico.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -1402,7 +1407,6 @@ Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
 			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 
-
 # Ontario
 
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
@@ -1621,7 +1625,7 @@ Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -	LMT	1895
 			-6:00	-	CST	1910
 			-5:00	-	EST	1942
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1970
-			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1973
+			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1973
 			-5:00	-	EST	1974
 			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
 Zone America/Nipigon	-5:53:04 -	LMT	1895
@@ -2208,7 +2212,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
 # For an English translation of the decree, see
 # <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
-# ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
+# "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
 # </a>
 
 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
@@ -2545,9 +2549,7 @@ Zone America/Santa_Isabel	-7:39:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:20:32
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Anguilla
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Anguilla	-4:12:16 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
-			-4:00	-	AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
 
 # Antigua and Barbuda
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -2616,13 +2618,13 @@ Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
 			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
-			-4:00	Bahamas	A%sT	1976
+			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1976
 			-4:00	US	A%sT
 
 # Cayman Is
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890		# Georgetown
-			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Costa Rica
@@ -2637,7 +2639,7 @@ Rule	CR	1991	1992	-	Jan	Sat>=15	0:00	1:00	D
 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
-# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
+# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
 			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
@@ -2869,9 +2871,7 @@ Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
 
 # Dominica
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Dominica	-4:05:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul 1 0:01		# Roseau
-			-4:00	-	AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
 
 # Dominican Republic
 
@@ -2920,18 +2920,10 @@ Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921		# San Salvador
 			-6:00	Salv	C%sT
 
 # Grenada
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# St George's
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
 # Guadeloupe
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Guadeloupe	-4:06:08 -	LMT	1911 Jun 8	# Pointe a Pitre
-			-4:00	-	AST
 # St Barthelemy
-Link America/Guadeloupe	America/St_Barthelemy
 # St Martin (French part)
-Link America/Guadeloupe	America/Marigot
+# See 'southamerica'.
 
 # Guatemala
 #
@@ -3074,17 +3066,12 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
 # Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
 
 # Jamaica
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# Follows US rules.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# JAMAICA             5 H  BEHIND UTC
-
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
+# Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
+# unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
+# island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:12 -	LMT	1890		# Kingston
-			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
+Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:11 -	LMT	1890		# Kingston
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
 			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
 			-5:00	-	EST
@@ -3098,12 +3085,7 @@ Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890		# Fort-de-France
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Montserrat
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
-# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Montserrat	-4:08:52 -	LMT	1911 Jul 1 0:01   # Cork Hill
-			-4:00	-	AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
 
 # Nicaragua
 #
@@ -3177,7 +3159,7 @@ Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
 			-5:00	-	EST
 
 # Puerto Rico
-# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
+# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
 			-4:00	-	AST	1942 May  3
@@ -3185,18 +3167,11 @@ Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # St Kitts-Nevis
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/St_Kitts	-4:10:52 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2	# Basseterre
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
 # St Lucia
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/St_Lucia	-4:04:00 -	LMT	1890		# Castries
-			-4:04:00 -	CMT	1912	    # Castries Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
 
 # St Pierre and Miquelon
-# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
+# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
 			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
@@ -3204,10 +3179,7 @@ Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
 			-3:00	Canada	PM%sT
 
 # St Vincent and the Grenadines
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/St_Vincent	-4:04:56 -	LMT	1890		# Kingstown
-			-4:04:56 -	KMT	1912	   # Kingstown Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
 
 # Turks and Caicos
 #
@@ -3237,15 +3209,9 @@ Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Grand_Turk	-4:44:32 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
+			-5:07:11 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
 			-5:00	TC	E%sT
 
 # British Virgin Is
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Tortola	-4:18:28 -	LMT	1911 Jul    # Road Town
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
 # Virgin Is
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/St_Thomas	-4:19:44 -	LMT	1911 Jul    # Charlotte Amalie
-			-4:00	-	AST
+# See 'southamerica'.
diff --git a/southamerica b/southamerica
index 0d8ed7a33a87..3b25ce39c80a 100644
--- a/southamerica
+++ b/southamerica
@@ -451,6 +451,17 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
 # stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-05):
+# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at UTC-4
+# with perpetual summer time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
+# just say it's at UTC-3; see, for example,
+# <http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina>.
+# We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
+# standard time, so let's do that here too.  This does not change UTC
+# offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations.  One minor
+# plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
+# setting for time stamps past 2038.
+
 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 # Milne says Cordoba time was -4:16:48.2.  Round to the nearest second.
 
@@ -588,7 +599,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 # San Luis (SL)
 
 Rule	SanLuis	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
-Rule	SanLuis	2007	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	SanLuis	2007	2008	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	S
 
 Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
@@ -604,7 +615,8 @@ Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-3:00	-	ART	2004 May 31
 			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jul 25
 			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	2008 Jan 21
-			-4:00	SanLuis	WAR%sT
+			-4:00	SanLuis	WAR%sT	2009 Oct 11
+			-3:00	-	ART
 #
 # Santa Cruz (SC)
 Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
@@ -631,10 +643,7 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
 			-3:00	-	ART
 
 # Aruba
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Oranjestad
-			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
-			-4:00	-	AST
+Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
 
 # Bolivia
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -836,6 +845,12 @@ Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
 # Tocantins state will have DST.
 # http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
 
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20):
+# Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October....
+# http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto
+# We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed:
+# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm">20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
 # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm">21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
@@ -1055,7 +1070,8 @@ Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
 			-3:00	-	BRT	1995 Sep 14
 			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2003 Sep 24
 			-3:00	-	BRT	2012 Oct 21
-			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT
+			-3:00	Brazil	BR%sT	2013 Sep
+			-3:00	-	BRT
 #
 # Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
 Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
@@ -1350,12 +1366,12 @@ Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# At least for now, use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
+# use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
 # The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen charaters
 # and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
 
-Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes # Sint Maarten
-Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk # Bonaire, Sint Estatius and Saba
+Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes	# Sint Maarten
+Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
 
 # Ecuador
 #
@@ -1496,10 +1512,16 @@ Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
 			-4:00	-	GYT
 
 # Paraguay
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 # Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
 # and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
 # editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
+#
+# From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
+# No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
+# adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Para	1975	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -1633,6 +1655,19 @@ Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
 Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
+Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola
+
 # Uruguay
 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 # Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
@@ -1650,7 +1685,7 @@ Rule	Uruguay	1937	1941	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
 # Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1937	1940	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HS
 # Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
-# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
+# and 1943 Apr 13 "to present time"; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0:30	HS
 Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	-
 Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	S
diff --git a/zone.tab b/zone.tab
index 3ec24a764257..fa4df5f6887a 100644
--- a/zone.tab
+++ b/zone.tab
@@ -3,27 +3,30 @@
 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-05-27):
+# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-14):
 #
-# This file contains a table with the following columns:
-# 1.  ISO 3166 2-character country code.  See the file `iso3166.tab'.
-#     This identifies a country that overlaps the zone.  The country may
-#     overlap other zones and the zone may overlap other countries.
-# 2.  Latitude and longitude of the zone's principal location
+# This file contains a table where each row stands for an area that is
+# the intersection of a region identified by a country code and of a
+# zone where civil clocks have agreed since 1970.  The columns of the
+# table are as follows:
+#
+# 1.  ISO 3166 2-character country code.  See the file 'iso3166.tab'.
+# 2.  Latitude and longitude of the area's principal location
 #     in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
 #     either +-DDMM+-DDDMM or +-DDMMSS+-DDDMMSS,
 #     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
-#     This location need not lie within the column-1 country.
 # 3.  Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
 #     Please see the 'Theory' file for how zone names are chosen.
+#     If multiple zones overlap a country, each has a row in the
+#     table, with column 1 being duplicated.
 # 4.  Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
 #
 # Columns are separated by a single tab.
 # The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
 # (1) makes some geographical sense, and
-# (2) puts the most populous zones first, where that does not contradict (1).
+# (2) puts the most populous areas first, where that does not contradict (1).
 #
-# Lines beginning with `#' are comments.
+# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
 #
 # This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
 # zone data appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not intended
@@ -39,8 +42,7 @@ AI	+1812-06304	America/Anguilla
 AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
 AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
 AO	-0848+01314	Africa/Luanda
-AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	McMurdo Station, Ross Island
-AQ	-9000+00000	Antarctica/South_Pole	Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
+AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	McMurdo, South Pole, Scott (New Zealand time)
 AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
 AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer Station, Anvers Island
 AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
@@ -120,8 +122,7 @@ CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did n
 CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic Time - New Brunswick
 CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic Time - Labrador - most locations
 CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	Atlantic Standard Time - Quebec - Lower North Shore
-CA	+4531-07334	America/Montreal	Eastern Time - Quebec - most locations
-CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern Time - Ontario - most locations
+CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations
 CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973
 CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario
 CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern Time - east Nunavut - most locations
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
 IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
 IT	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
 JE	+4912-00207	Europe/Jersey
-JM	+1800-07648	America/Jamaica
+JM	+175805-0764736	America/Jamaica
 JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
 JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
 KE	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
@@ -421,8 +422,7 @@ US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central Time - North Dakota -
 US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central Time - North Dakota - Mercer County
 US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain Time
 US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
-US	+364708-1084111	America/Shiprock	Mountain Time - Navajo
-US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona
+US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	Mountain Standard Time - Arizona (except Navajo)
 US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific Time
 US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska Time
 US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska Time - Alaska panhandle