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Add rctl(8), the utility to manage rctl rules.

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Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
Reviewed by:	kib (earlier version)
This commit is contained in:
Edward Tomasz Napierala 2011-03-30 18:27:52 +00:00
parent 4f8c32aa62
commit 6ec54a57b4
4 changed files with 751 additions and 0 deletions
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1
usr.bin/Makefile
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@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ SUBDIR= alias \
printenv \
printf \
procstat \
rctl \
renice \
rev \
revoke \

11
usr.bin/rctl/Makefile Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
# $FreeBSD$
PROG= rctl
MAN= rctl.8
DPADD= ${LIBUTIL}
LDADD= -lutil
WARNS?= 6
.include <bsd.prog.mk>

200
usr.bin/rctl/rctl.8 Normal file
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.\"-
.\" Copyright (c) 2009 Edward Tomasz Napierala
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR THE VOICES IN HIS HEAD BE
.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd February 13, 2011
.Dt RCTL 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm rctl
.Nd display and update resource limits database
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl h
.Op Fl n
.Op Ar filter
.Nm
.Fl a
.Op Ar rule
.Nm
.Op Fl h
.Op Fl n
.Fl l
.Op Ar filter
.Nm
.Fl r
.Op Ar filter
.Nm
.Op Fl h
.Fl u
.Op Ar filter
.Sh DESCRIPTION
When called without options, the
.Nm
command writes currently defined RCTL rules to standard output.
.Pp
If a
.Ar filter
argument is specified, only rules matching the filter are displayed.
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl a Ar rule
Add
.Ar rule
to the RCTL database.
.It Fl l Ar filter
Display rules applicable to the process defined by
.Ar filter .
.It Fl r Ar filter
Remove rules matching
.Ar filter
from the RCTL database.
.It Fl u Ar filter
Display resource usage for a subject (process, user, login class
or jail) matching the
.Ar filter .
.It Fl h
"Human-readable" output.
Use unit suffixes: Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte,
Gigabyte, Terabyte and Petabyte.
.It Fl n
Display user IDs numerically rather than converting them to a user name.
.Pp
.Sh RULE SYNTAX
Syntax for a rule is subject:subject-id:resource:action=amount/per.
.Pp
Subject defines the kind of entity the rule applies to.
It can be either process, user, login class, or jail.
.Pp
Subject ID identifies the subject. It can be user name,
numerical user ID, login class name, jail name, or numerical jail ID.
.Pp
Resource identifies the resource the rule controls.
.Pp
Action defines what will happen when a process exceeds the allowed amount.
.Pp
Amount defines how much of the resource a process can use before
the defined action triggers.
.Pp
The per field defines what entity the amount gets accounted for.
For example, rule "loginclass:users:vmem:deny=100M/process" means
that each process of any user belonging to login class "users" may allocate
up to 100MB of virtual memory.
Rule "loginclass:users:vmem:deny=100M/user" would mean that for each
user belonging to the login class "users", the sum of virtual memory allocated
by all the processes of a that user will not exceed 100MB.
Rule "loginclass:users:vmem:deny=100M/loginclass" would mean that the sum of
virtual memory allocated by all processes of all users belonging to that login
class will not exceed 100MB.
.Pp
Valid rule has all those fields specified, except for the per, which defaults
to the value of subject.
.Pp
A filter is a rule for which one of more fields other than per is left empty.
For example, a filter that matches every rule could be written as ":::=/",
or, in short, ":".
A filter that matches all the login classes would be "loginclass:".
A filter that matches all defined rules for nproc resource would be
"::nproc".
.Pp
.Sh RESOURCES
.Bl -column -offset 3n "msgqqueued"
.It cpu CPU time, in milliseconds
.It fsize maximum file size, in bytes
.It data data size, in bytes
.It stack stack size, in bytes
.It core core dump size, in bytes
.It rss resident set size, in bytes
.It memlock locked memory, in bytes
.It nproc number of processes
.It nofile file descriptor table size
.It sbsize memory consumed by socket buffers, in bytes
.It vmem address space limit, in bytes
.It npts number of PTYs
.It swap swap usage, in bytes
.It nthr number of threads
.It msgqqueued number of queued SysV messages
.It msgqsize SysV message queue size, in bytes
.It nmsgq number of SysV message queues
.It nsem number of SysV semaphores
.It nsemop number of SysV semaphores modified in a single semop(2) call
.It nshm number of SysV shared memory segments
.It shmsize SysV shared memory size, in bytes
.It wallclock wallclock time, in milliseconds
.It pctcpu %cpu time
.El
.Pp
.Sh ACTIONS
.Bl -column -offset 3n "msgqqueued"
.It deny deny the allocation; not supported for cpu and wallclock
.It log log a warning to the console
.It devctl send notification to
.Xr devd 8
.It sig* e.g. sigterm; send a signal to the offending process
.El
.Pp
See
.Xr signal 3
for a list of supported signals.
.Pp
Not all actions are supported for all resources.
Attempt to add rule with action not supported by a given resouce will result
in error.
.Pp
Note that limiting RSS may kill the machine due to thrashing.
.Pp
.Sh EXIT STATUS
.Ex -std
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Dl rctl -a user:joe:vmem:deny=1g
.Pp
Prevent user "joe" from allocating more than 1GB of virtual memory.
.Pp
.Dl rctl -r :
.Pp
Remove all RCTL rules.
.Pp
.Dl rctl -hu jail:5
.Pp
Display resource usage information for jail with JID 5.
.Pp
.Dl rctl -l process:512
.Pp
Display all the rules applicable to process with PID 512.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr jailstat 8 ,
.Xr userstat 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
command appeared in
.Fx 9.0.
.Sh AUTHORS
.An -nosplit
The
.Nm
command was written by
.An Edward Tomasz Napierala Aq trasz@FreeBSD.org .

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usr.bin/rctl/rctl.c Normal file
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/*-
* Copyright (c) 2010 The FreeBSD Foundation
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software was developed by Edward Tomasz Napierala under sponsorship
* from the FreeBSD Foundation.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* $FreeBSD$
*/
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD$");
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/rctl.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <libutil.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define RCTL_DEFAULT_BUFSIZE 4096
static id_t
parse_user(const char *s)
{
id_t id;
char *end;
struct passwd *pwd;
pwd = getpwnam(s);
if (pwd != NULL)
return (pwd->pw_uid);
if (!isnumber(s[0]))
errx(1, "uknown user '%s'", s);
id = strtod(s, &end);
if ((size_t)(end - s) != strlen(s))
errx(1, "trailing characters after numerical id");
return (id);
}
static id_t
parse_group(const char *s)
{
id_t id;
char *end;
struct group *grp;
grp = getgrnam(s);
if (grp != NULL)
return (grp->gr_gid);
if (!isnumber(s[0]))
errx(1, "uknown group '%s'", s);
id = strtod(s, &end);
if ((size_t)(end - s) != strlen(s))
errx(1, "trailing characters after numerical id");
return (id);
}
/*
* This routine replaces user/group name with numeric id.
*/
static char *
resolve_ids(char *rule)
{
id_t id;
const char *subject, *textid, *rest;
char *resolved;
subject = strsep(&rule, ":");
textid = strsep(&rule, ":");
if (textid == NULL)
errx(1, "error in rule specification -- no subject");
if (rule != NULL)
rest = rule;
else
rest = "";
if (strcasecmp(subject, "u") == 0)
subject = "user";
else if (strcasecmp(subject, "g") == 0)
subject = "group";
else if (strcasecmp(subject, "p") == 0)
subject = "process";
else if (strcasecmp(subject, "l") == 0 ||
strcasecmp(subject, "c") == 0 ||
strcasecmp(subject, "class") == 0)
subject = "loginclass";
else if (strcasecmp(subject, "j") == 0)
subject = "jail";
if (strcasecmp(subject, "user") == 0 && strlen(textid) > 0) {
id = parse_user(textid);
asprintf(&resolved, "%s:%d:%s", subject, (int)id, rest);
} else if (strcasecmp(subject, "group") == 0 && strlen(textid) > 0) {
id = parse_group(textid);
asprintf(&resolved, "%s:%d:%s", subject, (int)id, rest);
} else
asprintf(&resolved, "%s:%s:%s", subject, textid, rest);
if (resolved == NULL)
err(1, "asprintf");
return (resolved);
}
/*
* This routine replaces "human-readable" number with its expanded form.
*/
static char *
expand_amount(char *rule)
{
uint64_t num;
const char *subject, *subject_id, *resource, *action, *amount, *per;
char *copy, *expanded;
copy = strdup(rule);
if (copy == NULL)
err(1, "strdup");
subject = strsep(&copy, ":");
subject_id = strsep(&copy, ":");
resource = strsep(&copy, ":");
action = strsep(&copy, "=/");
amount = strsep(&copy, "/");
per = copy;
if (amount == NULL || strlen(amount) == 0) {
free(copy);
return (rule);
}
assert(subject != NULL);
assert(subject_id != NULL);
assert(resource != NULL);
assert(action != NULL);
if (expand_number(amount, &num))
err(1, "expand_number");
if (per == NULL)
asprintf(&expanded, "%s:%s:%s:%s=%ju", subject, subject_id,
resource, action, (uintmax_t)num);
else
asprintf(&expanded, "%s:%s:%s:%s=%ju/%s", subject, subject_id,
resource, action, (uintmax_t)num, per);
if (expanded == NULL)
err(1, "asprintf");
return (expanded);
}
static char *
humanize_ids(char *rule)
{
id_t id;
struct passwd *pwd;
struct group *grp;
const char *subject, *textid, *rest;
char *humanized;
subject = strsep(&rule, ":");
textid = strsep(&rule, ":");
if (textid == NULL)
errx(1, "rule passed from the kernel didn't contain subject");
if (rule != NULL)
rest = rule;
else
rest = "";
/* Replace numerical user and group ids with names. */
if (strcasecmp(subject, "user") == 0) {
id = parse_user(textid);
pwd = getpwuid(id);
if (pwd != NULL)
textid = pwd->pw_name;
} else if (strcasecmp(subject, "group") == 0) {
id = parse_group(textid);
grp = getgrgid(id);
if (grp != NULL)
textid = grp->gr_name;
}
asprintf(&humanized, "%s:%s:%s", subject, textid, rest);
if (humanized == NULL)
err(1, "asprintf");
return (humanized);
}
static int
str2int64(const char *str, int64_t *value)
{
char *end;
if (str == NULL)
return (EINVAL);
*value = strtoul(str, &end, 10);
if ((size_t)(end - str) != strlen(str))
return (EINVAL);
return (0);
}
static char *
humanize_amount(char *rule)
{
int64_t num;
const char *subject, *subject_id, *resource, *action, *amount, *per;
char *copy, *humanized, buf[6];
copy = strdup(rule);
if (copy == NULL)
err(1, "strdup");
subject = strsep(&copy, ":");
subject_id = strsep(&copy, ":");
resource = strsep(&copy, ":");
action = strsep(&copy, "=/");
amount = strsep(&copy, "/");
per = copy;
if (amount == NULL || strlen(amount) == 0 ||
str2int64(amount, &num) != 0) {
free(copy);
return (rule);
}
assert(subject != NULL);
assert(subject_id != NULL);
assert(resource != NULL);
assert(action != NULL);
if (humanize_number(buf, sizeof(buf), num, "", HN_AUTOSCALE,
HN_DECIMAL | HN_NOSPACE) == -1)
err(1, "humanize_number");
if (per == NULL)
asprintf(&humanized, "%s:%s:%s:%s=%s", subject, subject_id,
resource, action, buf);
else
asprintf(&humanized, "%s:%s:%s:%s=%s/%s", subject, subject_id,
resource, action, buf, per);
if (humanized == NULL)
err(1, "asprintf");
return (humanized);
}
/*
* Print rules, one per line.
*/
static void
print_rules(char *rules, int hflag, int nflag)
{
char *rule;
while ((rule = strsep(&rules, ",")) != NULL) {
if (rule[0] == '\0')
break; /* XXX */
if (nflag == 0)
rule = humanize_ids(rule);
if (hflag)
rule = humanize_amount(rule);
printf("%s\n", rule);
}
}
static void
add_rule(char *rule)
{
int error;
error = rctl_add_rule(rule, strlen(rule) + 1, NULL, 0);
if (error != 0)
err(1, "rctl_add_rule");
free(rule);
}
static void
show_limits(char *filter, int hflag, int nflag)
{
int error;
char *outbuf = NULL;
size_t outbuflen = RCTL_DEFAULT_BUFSIZE / 4;
do {
outbuflen *= 4;
outbuf = realloc(outbuf, outbuflen);
if (outbuf == NULL)
err(1, "realloc");
error = rctl_get_limits(filter, strlen(filter) + 1, outbuf,
outbuflen);
if (error && errno != ERANGE)
err(1, "rctl_get_limits");
} while (error && errno == ERANGE);
print_rules(outbuf, hflag, nflag);
free(filter);
free(outbuf);
}
static void
remove_rule(char *filter)
{
int error;
error = rctl_remove_rule(filter, strlen(filter) + 1, NULL, 0);
if (error != 0)
err(1, "rctl_remove_rule");
free(filter);
}
static char *
humanize_usage_amount(char *usage)
{
int64_t num;
const char *resource, *amount;
char *copy, *humanized, buf[6];
copy = strdup(usage);
if (copy == NULL)
err(1, "strdup");
resource = strsep(&copy, "=");
amount = copy;
assert(resource != NULL);
assert(amount != NULL);
if (str2int64(amount, &num) != 0 ||
humanize_number(buf, sizeof(buf), num, "", HN_AUTOSCALE,
HN_DECIMAL | HN_NOSPACE) == -1) {
free(copy);
return (usage);
}
asprintf(&humanized, "%s=%s", resource, buf);
if (humanized == NULL)
err(1, "asprintf");
return (humanized);
}
/*
* Query the kernel about a resource usage and print it out.
*/
static void
show_usage(char *filter, int hflag)
{
int error;
char *outbuf = NULL, *tmp;
size_t outbuflen = RCTL_DEFAULT_BUFSIZE / 4;
do {
outbuflen *= 4;
outbuf = realloc(outbuf, outbuflen);
if (outbuf == NULL)
err(1, "realloc");
error = rctl_get_racct(filter, strlen(filter) + 1, outbuf,
outbuflen);
if (error && errno != ERANGE)
err(1, "rctl_get_racct");
} while (error && errno == ERANGE);
while ((tmp = strsep(&outbuf, ",")) != NULL) {
if (tmp[0] == '\0')
break; /* XXX */
if (hflag)
tmp = humanize_usage_amount(tmp);
printf("%s\n", tmp);
}
free(filter);
free(outbuf);
}
/*
* Query the kernel about resource limit rules and print them out.
*/
static void
show_rules(char *filter, int hflag, int nflag)
{
int error;
char *outbuf = NULL;
size_t filterlen, outbuflen = RCTL_DEFAULT_BUFSIZE / 4;
if (filter != NULL)
filterlen = strlen(filter) + 1;
else
filterlen = 0;
do {
outbuflen *= 4;
outbuf = realloc(outbuf, outbuflen);
if (outbuf == NULL)
err(1, "realloc");
error = rctl_get_rules(filter, filterlen, outbuf, outbuflen);
if (error && errno != ERANGE)
err(1, "rctl_get_rules");
} while (error && errno == ERANGE);
print_rules(outbuf, hflag, nflag);
free(outbuf);
}
static void
usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr, "usage: rctl [ -h ] [-a rule | -l filter | -r filter "
"| -u filter | filter]\n");
exit(1);
}
int
main(int argc __unused, char **argv __unused)
{
int ch, aflag = 0, hflag = 0, nflag = 0, lflag = 0, rflag = 0,
uflag = 0;
char *rule = NULL;
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "a:hl:nr:u:")) != -1) {
switch (ch) {
case 'a':
aflag = 1;
rule = strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'h':
hflag = 1;
break;
case 'l':
lflag = 1;
rule = strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'n':
nflag = 1;
break;
case 'r':
rflag = 1;
rule = strdup(optarg);
break;
case 'u':
uflag = 1;
rule = strdup(optarg);
break;
case '?':
default:
usage();
}
}
argc -= optind;
argv += optind;
if (argc > 1)
usage();
if (rule == NULL) {
if (argc == 1)
rule = strdup(argv[0]);
else
rule = strdup("::");
}
if (aflag + lflag + rflag + uflag + argc > 1)
errx(1, "only one flag or argument may be specified "
"at the same time");
rule = resolve_ids(rule);
rule = expand_amount(rule);
if (aflag) {
add_rule(rule);
return (0);
}
if (lflag) {
show_limits(rule, hflag, nflag);
return (0);
}
if (rflag) {
remove_rule(rule);
return (0);
}
if (uflag) {
show_usage(rule, hflag);
return (0);
}
show_rules(rule, hflag, nflag);
return (0);
}