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README
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README
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-----------------------------------------
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FreeBSD 2.0 --- ALPHA Release , ,
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----------------------------------------- /( )`
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\ \___ / |
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Welcome to the ALPHA release of FreeBSD 2.0 - the /- _ `-/ '
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first public snapshot of our new 4.4BSD Lite based (/\/ \ \ /\
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operating system environment. This install proce- / / | ` \
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dure is also at the ALPHA stage, and contains only O O ) / |
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the minimum functionality required by an `-^--'`< '
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*EXPERIENCED* person to install the system. (_.) _ ) /
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It is our hope, of course, that the feedback `.___/` /
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provided from this snapshot will `-----' /
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greatly assist us in making the release <----. __ / __ \
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of 2.0 much more user friendly. Your <----|====O)))==) \) /====
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comments and criticisms are very <----' `--' `.__,' \
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valuable to us, so please don't hesitate | |
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in contacting us! Full details on where and \ / /\
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how to provide feedback are given below. ______( (_ / \______/
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,' ,-----' |
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This install procedure is ALPHA code, and `--{__________)
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may very possibly *DESTROY* the contents of your
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ENTIRE DISK! Please do not proceed with this installation
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without adequately backing up your data first!
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=============================================
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WHAT'S NEW IN THIS RELEASE (preliminary list)
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=============================================
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4.4 Lite
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--------
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As previously stated, this release is based entirely on CSRG's
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latest (and last) BSD release - 4.4 Lite. This features as number
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of improvements over 4.2BSD (Net/2), not least of which are:
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o Legal approval of Novell & U.C. Berkeley. After the settlement
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of the longstanding lawsuit between USL/UCB/Novell/BSDI, all
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parties were (strongly) encouraged to move to 4.4 Lite in order
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to avoid future legal entanglements. The fact that we've now done
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so should make this release much more attractive to potential
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commercial users.
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o Many new filesystem types, such as stackable filesystems, union
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filesystems, "portals", kernfs, a simple log-structured filesystem, a
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new version of NFS (NQNFS), etc. While some of these new filesystems
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are also rather unpolished and will require significant additional
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work to be truly robust, they're a good start.
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o 64bit offsets, allowing filesystems of up to 2^63 bytes in size.
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o Further work towards full POSIX compliance.
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And many many other features. For more documentation, it is recommended
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that you purchase the 4.4BSD Document Set from O'Reilly Associates and the
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USENIX Association. ISBN 1-56592-082-1
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IP multicast support
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--------------------
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The IP multicast support has been upgraded from the woefully ancient
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1.x code in 4.4-Lite to the most current and up-to-date 3.3 release
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from Steve D. and Ajit. The non-forwarding code is known to work (for
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some limited test cases). The multicast forwarder and user-mode
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multicast routing process are known to compile, but have not been
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significantly tested (hopefully this will happen before 2.0 release).
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Owner: wollman
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Sources involved: sys/netinet, usr.sbin/mrouted
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Loadable Kernel Modules
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-----------------------
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David Greenman incorporated NetBSD's port of Terry Lambert's loadable
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kernel module support. Garrett Wollman wrote the support for loadable
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file systems, and Søren Schmidt did the same for loadable execution
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classes.
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Owner: core
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Sources involved: sys/kern, sbin/modload, sbin/modunload,
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usr.bin/modstat
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Loadable filesystems
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--------------------
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Most filesystems are now dynamically loadable on demand, with the
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exception of the UFS family (FFS, LFS, and MFS). With the exception
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of NFS, all such filestystems can be unloaded when all references are
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unmounted. To support this functionality, the getvfsbyname(3)
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family of functions has been added to the C library and the lsvfs(1)
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command provides the same information at the shell level. Be aware of
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the following current restrictions:
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- /usr/bin may not reside on a dynamically loaded filesystem.
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- There must be a writable /tmp directory available
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before filesystems are loaded (moving / to the top of your
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/etc/fstab file will accomplish this).
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- Some of the more esoteric filesystems simply don't work when loaded
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dynamically (though they often don't work "static", either.)
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Owner: wollman
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Sources involved: sys/*fs, lkm/*fs, usr.bin/lsvfs, lib/libc/gen
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S/Key
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-----
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Since version 1.1.5, FreeBSD has supported the S/Key one time password scheme.
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The version used is derived from the logdaemon package of Wietse Venema.
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Some of the features new in 2.0 are:
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- New access control table format to impose the use of S/Keys
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based on: hostname, ip address, port, username, group id.
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- S/Key support can be disabled by not having the access control
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table.
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The second item explains the absence of skey.access in the installed /etc.
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To enable S/Key support, create a file skey.access in /etc and fill it
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according to your needs. See also skey.access(5) and the example in
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/usr/share/examples/etc/skey.access.
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Owner: pst, guido
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Sources involved: lib/libskey, usr.bin/key* (plus patches to others)
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TCP/IP over parallel (printer) port
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-----------------------------------
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You can now run TCP/IP over a standard LapLink(tm) cable, if both ends
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have a interrupt-driven printerport. The interface is named "lp0"
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where '0' is the same as the lpt# unit number. This is not compatible
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with PLIP. If you run NFS, try setting MTU to 9180, otherwise leave
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it at 1500 unless you have a good reason to change it. Speed varies
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with the CPU-type, with up to 70 kbyte/sec having been seen and 50
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kbyte/sec being the norm.
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Owner: phk
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Sources involved: isa/lpt.c
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ProAudioSpectrum SCSI-driver
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----------------------------
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If you have a PAS board with a CD-ROM, and the MS-DOS driver is called
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TSLCDR.SYS, then the "pas" driver should work on your card. You can
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attach disks, cdroms and tapes, but due to the nature of the hardware
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involved, the transfer rate is limited to < 690 kbyte/sec. For CD-ROM
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use, this is generally more than enough.
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Owner: phk
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Sources involved: isa/pas.c
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Gzip'ed binaries
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----------------
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We have an experimental implementation for direct execution of gzip'ed
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binaries in this release. When enabled, it allows you to simply gzip
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your binaries, remove the '.gz' extension and make the file
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executable. There is a big speed and memory consumption penalty for
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doing this, but for laptop users it may be worthwhile. The maximum
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savings are generally around 10 Mb of disk space.
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Owner: phk
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Sources involved: kern/imgact_gzip.c kern/inflate.c
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Diskless booting
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----------------
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Diskless booting it in 2.0 and much improved since 1.1.5. The boot-program
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is in src/sys/i386/boot/netboot, and can be run from a MSDOS system or
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burned into an EPROM. Local swapping is possible. Presently WD, SMC and
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Novell cards are supported.
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Owner: Martin Renters & phk
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Sources involved: i386/boot/netboot, sys/nfs/nfs_vfsops.h
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Device configuration database
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-----------------------------
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The kernel now keeps better track of which device drivers are active and
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where the devices are attached; this information is made available to
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user programs via the new sysctl(3) management interface. Current
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applications include lsdev(8), which lists the currently configured
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devices. In the future, we expect to use this code to automatically
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generate a configuration file for you at installation time.
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Owner: wollman
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Sources involved: sys/i386, sys/scsi, sys/kern/kern_devconf.c,
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sys/sys/devconf.h, usr.sbin/lsdev
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Kernel management interface
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---------------------------
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With 4.4-Lite, we now have a better management interface for the endless
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series of kernel variables and parameters which were previously manipulated
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by reading and writing /dev/kmem. Many programs have been rewritten to
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use this interface, although many old-style programs still remain. Some
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variables which were never accessible before are now available through
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the sysctl(1) program. In addition to the standard 4.4BSD MIB variables,
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we have added support for YP/NIS domains (kern.domainname), controlling
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the update daemon (kern.update), retrieving the OS release date
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(kern.osreldate), determining the name of the booted kernel (kern.bootfile),
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and checking for hardware floating-point support (hw.floatingpoint).
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We have also added support to make management queries of devices and
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filesystems.
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Owner: core
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Sources involved: sys, usr.bin/sysctl
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iBCS2 support
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-------------
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FreeBSD now supports running iBCS2 compatible binaries (currently
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SCO UNIX 3.2.2 & 3.2.4 and ISC 2.2 COFF format are supported).
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The iBCS2 emulator is in its early stages, but it is functional, we
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havn't been able to do exhaustive testing (lack of commercial apps),
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but allmost all of SCO's 3.2.2 binaries are working, so is an old
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INFORMIX-2.10 for SCO. Further testing is nessesary to complete this
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project. There is also work under way for ELF & XOUT loaders, and
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most of the svr4 syscall wrappers have been written.
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Owner: Soren Schmidt (sos) & Sean Eric Fagan (sef)
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Sources involved: sys/i386/ibcs2/* + misc kernel changes.
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Have fun, and please let us know of any problems you encounter with
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this release!
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Comments should be sent to:
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hackers@FreeBSD.org
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Bug reports should be sent using the `send-pr' utility, if you
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were able to get the system installed; otherwise send mail to:
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bugs@FreeBSD.org
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And general questions to:
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questions@FreeBSD.org
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Please have patience if your questions are not answered right away -
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this is an especially busy time for us, and our volunteer resources
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are often strained to the limit (if not somewhat past!).
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Thanks!
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The FreeBSD Project team
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