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Make this manpage readable and match the reality.
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ru 2001-09-07 15:18:45 +00:00
parent a04d04aa06
commit 81f8176d5d
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usr.bin/netstat/netstat.1
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@ -32,55 +32,12 @@
.\" @(#)netstat.1 8.8 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd June 15, 2001
.Dd September 7, 2001
.Dt NETSTAT 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm netstat
.Nd show network status
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl AaLlnW
.Op Fl f Ar address_family | Fl p Ar protocol
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Nm
.Op Fl gilnsS
.Op Fl f Ar address_family
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Nm
.Fl i | I Ar interface
.Op Fl w Ar wait
.Op Fl abdgt
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Nm
.Fl s Op Fl s
.Op Fl z
.Op Fl f Ar address_family | Fl p Ar protocol
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Nm
.Fl i | I Ar interface Fl s
.Op Fl f Ar address_family | Fl p Ar protocol
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Nm
.Fl m
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Nm
.Fl r
.Op Fl Aaln
.Op Fl f Ar address_family
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Nm
.Fl rs
.Op Fl s
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
@ -88,197 +45,268 @@ command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related
data structures.
There are a number of output formats,
depending on the options for the information presented.
The first form of the command displays a list of active sockets for
each protocol.
The second form presents the contents of one of the other network
data structures according to the option selected.
Using the third form, with a
.Ar wait
interval specified,
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Xo
.Bk -words
.Nm
will continuously display the information regarding packet
traffic on the configured network interfaces.
The fourth form displays statistics for
the specified protocol or address family.
The fifth form displays per-interface statistics for
the specified protocol or address family.
The sixth form displays
.Xr mbuf 9
statistics.
The seventh form displays routing table for the specified address family.
The eighth form displays routing statistics.
.Pp
The options have the following meaning:
.Bl -tag -width flag
.It Fl A
With the default display,
show the address of any protocol control blocks associated with sockets; used
for debugging.
.It Fl a
With the default display,
show the state of all sockets; normally sockets used by
server processes are not shown.
With the routing table display (option
.Fl r ,
as described below), show protocol-cloned routes (routes
generated by a
.Dv RTF_PRCLONING
parent route); normally these routes are
not shown.
.It Fl b
With the interface display (option
.Fl i ,
as described below),
show the number of bytes in and out.
.It Fl d
With either interface display (option
.Fl i
or an interval, as described below),
show the number of dropped packets.
.It Fl f Ar address_family
Limit statistics or address control block reports to those
of the specified
.Ar address family .
The following address families
are recognized:
.Ar inet ,
for
.Dv AF_INET ,
.Ar inet6 ,
for
.Dv AF_INET6 ,
.Ar ipx ,
for
.Dv AF_IPX ,
.Ar atalk ,
for
.Dv AF_APPLETALK (ddp) ,
.Ar netgraph
or
.Ar ng
for
.Dv AF_NETGRAPH ,
.\".Ar ns ,
.\"for
.\".Dv AF_NS ,
.\".Ar iso ,
.\"for
.\".Dv AF_ISO ,
and
.Ar unix ,
for
.Dv AF_UNIX .
.It Fl g
Show information related to multicast (group address) routing.
By default, show the IP Multicast virtual-interface and routing tables.
If the
.Fl s
option is also present, show multicast routing statistics.
.It Fl I Ar interface
Show information about the specified interface;
used with a
.Ar wait
interval as described below.
If the
.Fl s
option is present, show per-interface protocol statistics on the
.Op Fl AaLnSW
.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Ek
.Xc
Display a list of active sockets
(protocol control blocks)
for each network protocol,
for a particular
.Ar protocol_family ,
or for a single
.Ar protocol .
If
.Fl A
is also present,
show the address of a protocol control block (PCB)
associated with a socket; used for debugging.
If
.Fl a
is also present,
show the state of all sockets;
normally sockets used by server processes are not shown.
If
.Fl L
is also present,
show the size of the various listen queues.
The first count shows the number of unaccepted connections,
the second count shows the amount of unaccepted incomplete connections,
and the third count is the maximum number of queued connections.
If
.Fl S
is also present,
show network addresses as numbers (as with
.Fl n )
but show ports symbolically.
.It Xo
.Bk -words
.Nm
.Fl i | I Ar interface
.Op Fl abdnt
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Ek
.Xc
Show the state of all network interfaces or a single
.Ar interface
for the specified
.Ar address_family
or
.Ar protocol ,
or for all protocol families.
.It Fl i
Show the state of interfaces which have been auto-configured
which have been auto-configured
(interfaces statically configured into a system, but not
located at boot time are not shown).
An asterisk
.Pq Dq *
.Pq Dq Li *
after an interface name indicates that the interface is
.Dq down .
If the
If
.Fl a
option is also present, multicast addresses currently in use are shown
is also present, multicast addresses currently in use are shown
for each Ethernet interface and for each IP interface address.
Multicast addresses are shown on separate lines following the interface
address with which they are associated.
If the
It
.Fl b
is also present, show the number of bytes in and out.
If
.Fl d
is also present, show the number of dropped packets.
If
.Fl t
is also present, show the contents of watchdog timers.
.It Xo
.Bk -words
.Nm
.Fl w Ar wait
.Op Fl I Ar interface
.Op Fl d
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Ek
.Xc
At intervals of
.Ar wait
seconds,
display the information regarding packet
traffic on all configured network interfaces
or a single
.Ar interface .
If
.Fl d
is also present, show the number of dropped packets.
.It Xo
.Bk -words
.Nm
.Fl s Op Fl s
.Op Fl z
.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Ek
.Xc
Display system-wide statistics for each network protocol,
for a particular
.Ar protocol_family ,
or for a single
.Ar protocol .
If
.Fl s
option is present, show per-interface statistics on all interfaces
for the specified
is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
If
.Fl z
is also present, reset statistic counters after displaying them.
.It Xo
.Bk -words
.Nm
.Fl i | I Ar interface Fl s
.Op Fl f Ar protocol_family | Fl p Ar protocol
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Ek
.Xc
Display per-interface statistics for each network protocol,
for a particular
.Ar protocol_family ,
or for a single
.Ar protocol .
.It Xo
.Bk -words
.Nm
.Fl m
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Ek
.Xc
Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines
.Pq Xr mbuf 9 .
The network manages a private pool of memory buffers.
.It Xo
.Bk -words
.Nm
.Fl r
.Op Fl AanW
.Op Fl f Ar address_family
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Ek
.Xc
Display the contents of all routing tables,
or a routing table for a particular
.Ar address_family .
If
.Fl A
is also present,
show the contents of the internal Patricia tree
structures; used for debugging.
If
.Fl a
is also present,
show protocol-cloned routes
(routes generated by an
.Dv RTF_PRCLONING
parent route);
normally these routes are not shown.
When
.Fl W
is also present,
show the path MTU
for each route.
.It Xo
.Bk -words
.Nm
.Fl rs
.Op Fl s
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Ek
.Xc
Display routing statistics.
If
.Fl s
is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
.It Xo
.Bk -words
.Nm
.Fl g
.Op Fl W
.Op Fl f Ar address_family
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Ek
.Xc
Show information related to multicast (group address) routing.
By default, show the IP Multicast virtual-interface and routing tables.
.It Xo
.Bk -words
.Nm
.Fl gs
.Op Fl s
.Op Fl f Ar address_family
.Op Fl M Ar core
.Op Fl N Ar system
.Ek
.Xc
Show multicast routing statistics.
If
.Fl s
is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
.El
.Pp
Some options have the general meaning:
.Bl -tag -width flag
.It Fl f Ar address_family , Fl p Ar protocol
Limit display to those records
of the specified
.Ar address_family
or
.Ar protocol ,
or for all protocol families.
.It Fl L
Show the size of the various listen queues.
The first count shows the
number of unaccepted connections.
The second count shows the amount of unaccepted incomplete connections.
The third count is the maximum number of queued connections.
.It Fl l
Print full IPv6 address.
or a single
.Ar protocol .
The following address families and protocols are recognized:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm netgraph , ng Pq Dv AF_NETGRAPH" -compact
.It Em Family
.Em Protocols
.It Cm inet Pq Dv AF_INET
.Cm bdg , divert , icmp , igmp , ip , ipsec , tcp , udp
.It Cm inet6 Pq Dv AF_INET6
.Cm bdg , icmp6 , ip6 , ipsec6 , rip6 , tcp , udp
.It Cm pfkey Pq Dv PF_KEY
.Cm pfkey
.It Cm atalk Pq Dv AF_APPLETALK
.Cm ddp
.It Cm netgraph , ng Pq Dv AF_NETGRAPH
.Cm ctrl , data
.It Cm ipx Pq Dv AF_IPX
.Cm ipx , spx
.\".It Cm ns Pq Dv AF_NS
.\".Cm idp , ns_err , spp
.\".It Cm iso Pq Dv AF_ISO
.\".Cm clnp , cltp , esis , tp
.It Cm unix Pq Dv AF_UNIX
.El
.Pp
The program will complain if
.Ar protocol
is unknown or if there is no statistics routine for it.
.It Fl M
Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
instead of the default
.Pa /dev/kmem .
.It Fl m
Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines
(the network manages a private pool of memory buffers).
.It Fl N
Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default
.Pa /kernel .
Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default,
which is the kernel image the system has booted from.
.It Fl n
Show network addresses and ports as numbers (normally
Show network addresses and ports as numbers.
Normally
.Nm
interprets addresses and ports and attempts to display them
symbolically).
This option may be used with any of the display formats.
.It Fl p Ar protocol
Show statistics about
.Ar protocol ,
which is either a well-known name for a protocol or an alias for it. Some
protocol names and aliases are listed in the file
.Pa /etc/protocols .
The special protocol name
.Dq bdg
is used to show bridging statistics.
A null response typically means that there are no interesting numbers to
report.
The program will complain if
.Ar protocol
is unknown or if there is no statistics routine for it.
.It Fl r
Show the routing tables.
Use with
.Fl a
to show protocol-cloned routes.
When
.Fl s
is also present, show routing statistics instead.
When
.Fl l
is also present,
.Nm
assumes more columns are there and the maximum transmission unit
.Pq Dq mtu
are also displayed.
.It Fl S
Show network addresses as numbers (as with
.Fl n )
but show ports symbolically).
.It Fl s
Show per-protocol statistics.
If this option is repeated, counters with a value of zero are suppressed.
attempts to resolve addresses and ports,
and display them symbolically.
.It Fl W
In certain displays, avoid truncating addresses even if this causes
some fields to overflow.
.It Fl w Ar wait
Show network interface statistics at intervals of
.Ar wait
seconds.
.It Fl z
Reset statistics.
.El
.Pp
The default display, for active sockets, shows the local
@ -289,18 +317,19 @@ Address formats are of the form
or
.Dq network.port
if a socket's address specifies a network but no specific host address.
When known the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically
When known, the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically
according to the databases
.Pa /etc/hosts
.Xr hosts 5
and
.Pa /etc/networks ,
respectively. If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if
.Xr networks 5 ,
respectively.
If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if
the
.Fl n
option is specified, the address is printed numerically, according
to the address family.
For more information regarding
the Internet
the Internet IPv4
.Dq dot format ,
refer to
.Xr inet 3 ) .
@ -308,7 +337,7 @@ Unspecified,
or
.Dq wildcard ,
addresses and ports appear as
.Dq * .
.Dq Li * .
.Pp
The interface display provides a table of cumulative
statistics regarding packets transferred, errors, and collisions.
@ -317,48 +346,49 @@ and the maximum transmission unit
.Pq Dq mtu
are also displayed.
.Pp
The routing table display indicates the available routes and
their status. Each route consists of a destination host or network
and a gateway to use in forwarding packets. The flags field shows
a collection of information about the route stored as
binary choices. The individual flags are discussed in more
detail in the
The routing table display indicates the available routes and their status.
Each route consists of a destination host or network, and a gateway to use
in forwarding packets.
The flags field shows a collection of information about the route stored
as binary choices.
The individual flags are discussed in more detail in the
.Xr route 8
and
.Xr route 4
manual pages.
The mapping between letters and flags is:
.Bl -column XXXX RTF_BLACKHOLE
1 RTF_PROTO1 Protocol specific routing flag #1
2 RTF_PROTO2 Protocol specific routing flag #2
3 RTF_PROTO3 Protocol specific routing flag #3
B RTF_BLACKHOLE Just discard pkts (during updates)
b RTF_BROADCAST The route represents a broadcast address
C RTF_CLONING Generate new routes on use
c RTF_PRCLONING Protocol-specified generate new routes on use
D RTF_DYNAMIC Created dynamically (by redirect)
G RTF_GATEWAY Destination requires forwarding by intermediary
H RTF_HOST Host entry (net otherwise)
L RTF_LLINFO Valid protocol to link address translation
M RTF_MODIFIED Modified dynamically (by redirect)
R RTF_REJECT Host or net unreachable
S RTF_STATIC Manually added
U RTF_UP Route usable
W RTF_WASCLONED Route was generated as a result of cloning
X RTF_XRESOLVE External daemon translates proto to link address
.Bl -column ".Li W" ".Dv RTF_WASCLONED"
.It Li 1 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO1 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #1"
.It Li 2 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO2 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #2"
.It Li 3 Ta Dv RTF_PROTO3 Ta "Protocol specific routing flag #3"
.It Li B Ta Dv RTF_BLACKHOLE Ta "Just discard pkts (during updates)"
.It Li b Ta Dv RTF_BROADCAST Ta "The route represents a broadcast address"
.It Li C Ta Dv RTF_CLONING Ta "Generate new routes on use"
.It Li c Ta Dv RTF_PRCLONING Ta "Protocol-specified generate new routes on use"
.It Li D Ta Dv RTF_DYNAMIC Ta "Created dynamically (by redirect)"
.It Li G Ta Dv RTF_GATEWAY Ta "Destination requires forwarding by intermediary"
.It Li H Ta Dv RTF_HOST Ta "Host entry (net otherwise)"
.It Li L Ta Dv RTF_LLINFO Ta "Valid protocol to link address translation"
.It Li M Ta Dv RTF_MODIFIED Ta "Modified dynamically (by redirect)"
.It Li R Ta Dv RTF_REJECT Ta "Host or net unreachable"
.It Li S Ta Dv RTF_STATIC Ta "Manually added"
.It Li U Ta Dv RTF_UP Ta "Route usable"
.It Li W Ta Dv RTF_WASCLONED Ta "Route was generated as a result of cloning"
.It Li X Ta Dv RTF_XRESOLVE Ta "External daemon translates proto to link address"
.El
.Pp
Direct routes are created for each
interface attached to the local host;
the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface.
The refcnt field gives the
current number of active uses of the route. Connection oriented
current number of active uses of the route.
Connection oriented
protocols normally hold on to a single route for the duration of
a connection while connectionless protocols obtain a route while sending
to the same destination.
The use field provides a count of the number of packets
sent using that route. The interface entry indicates the network
interface utilized for the route.
sent using that route.
The interface entry indicates the network interface utilized for the route.
.Pp
When
.Nm
@ -380,14 +410,17 @@ option.
.Xr ps 1 ,
.Xr sockstat 1 ,
.Xr inet 4 ,
.Xr route 4 ,
.Xr unix 4 ,
.Xr hosts 5 ,
.Xr networks 5 ,
.Xr protocols 5 ,
.Xr services 5 ,
.Xr iostat 8 ,
.Xr route 8 ,
.Xr trpt 8 ,
.Xr vmstat 8
.Xr vmstat 8 ,
.Xr mbuf 9
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
@ -395,12 +428,5 @@ command appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .
.Pp
IPv6 support was added by WIDE/KAME project.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width /dev/kmem -compact
.It Pa /kernel
default kernel namelist
.It Pa /dev/kmem
default memory file
.El
.Sh BUGS
The notion of errors is ill-defined.