Update tuning(7) some more
At this point its unclear how much help tuning(7) is whatsoever but leave it around in case someone decides to spend some time on it.
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@ -41,8 +41,7 @@ Configuring too little swap can lead
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to inefficiencies in the VM page scanning code as well as create issues
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later on if you add more memory to your machine.
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On larger systems
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with multiple SCSI disks (or multiple IDE disks operating on different
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controllers), configure swap on each drive.
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with multiple disks, configure swap on each drive.
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The swap partitions on the drives should be approximately the same size.
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The kernel can handle arbitrary sizes but
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internal data structures scale to 4 times the largest swap partition.
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@ -176,11 +175,6 @@ This
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means you want to use a large off-center stripe size such as 1152 sectors
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so sequential I/O does not seek both disks and so meta-data is distributed
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across both disks rather than concentrated on a single disk.
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If
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you really need to get sophisticated, we recommend using a real hardware
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RAID controller from the list of
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.Fx
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supported controllers.
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.Sh SYSCTL TUNING
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.Xr sysctl 8
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variables permit system behavior to be monitored and controlled at
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@ -347,9 +341,6 @@ is adhered to.
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.Pp
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There are various other buffer-cache and VM page cache related sysctls.
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We do not recommend modifying these values.
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As of
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.Fx 4.3 ,
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the VM system does an extremely good job tuning itself.
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.Pp
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The
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.Va net.inet.tcp.sendspace
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@ -547,30 +538,12 @@ and reboot the system.
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.Va kern.maxusers
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controls the scaling of a number of static system tables, including defaults
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for the maximum number of open files, sizing of network memory resources, etc.
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As of
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.Fx 4.5 ,
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.Va kern.maxusers
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is automatically sized at boot based on the amount of memory available in
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the system, and may be determined at run-time by inspecting the value of the
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read-only
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.Va kern.maxusers
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sysctl.
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Some sites will require larger or smaller values of
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.Va kern.maxusers
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and may set it as a loader tunable; values of 64, 128, and 256 are not
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uncommon.
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We do not recommend going above 256 unless you need a huge number
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of file descriptors; many of the tunable values set to their defaults by
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.Va kern.maxusers
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may be individually overridden at boot-time or run-time as described
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elsewhere in this document.
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Systems older than
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.Fx 4.4
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must set this value via the kernel
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.Xr config 8
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option
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.Cd maxusers
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instead.
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.Pp
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The
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.Va kern.dfldsiz
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@ -619,14 +592,6 @@ The
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option to
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.Xr netstat 1
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may be used to observe network cluster use.
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Older versions of
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.Fx
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do not have this tunable and require that the
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kernel
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.Xr config 8
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option
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.Dv NMBCLUSTERS
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be set instead.
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.Pp
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More and more programs are using the
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.Xr sendfile 2
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@ -705,11 +670,6 @@ can be used to monitor this.
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There are many solutions to saturated disks:
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increasing memory for caching, mirroring disks, distributing operations across
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several machines, and so forth.
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If disk performance is an issue and you
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are using IDE drives, switching to SCSI can help a great deal.
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While modern
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IDE drives compare with SCSI in raw sequential bandwidth, the moment you
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start seeking around the disk SCSI drives usually win.
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.Pp
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Finally, you might run out of network suds.
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Optimize the network path
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@ -718,10 +678,7 @@ For example, in
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.Xr firewall 7
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we describe a firewall protecting internal hosts with a topology where
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the externally visible hosts are not routed through it.
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Use 1000BaseT rather
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than 100BaseT, depending on your needs.
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Most bottlenecks occur at the WAN link (e.g.,\&
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modem, T1, DSL, whatever).
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Most bottlenecks occur at the WAN link.
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If expanding the link is not an option it may be possible to use the
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.Xr dummynet 4
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feature to implement peak shaving or other forms of traffic shaping to
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