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<title>Frequently Asked Questions for FreeBSD 2.X
<author>The FreeBSD FAQ Team, <tt/FAQ@FreeBSD.ORG/
<date> $Id: freebsd-faq.sgml,v 1.11 1995/08/17 21:18:48 ats Exp $
<date> $Id: freebsd-faq.sgml,v 1.12 1995/08/20 15:21:31 gclarkii Exp $
<abstract>
This is the FAQ for FreeBSD systems version 2.X All entries are
assumed to be relevant to FreeBSD 2.0.5+, unless otherwise noted.
@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
<toc>
<sect>Preface
<sect>
<heading>Preface</heading>
<p>
Welcome to the FreeBSD 2.X FAQ ! This document tries to answer
some of the most frequently asked questions about FreeBSD 2.X (or
@ -60,7 +61,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
<url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/FreeBSD-current/src"
name="FreeBSD-current src directory">
<sect1>What is FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>What is FreeBSD?</heading>
<p>
FreeBSD 2.X is a UN*X type operating system based on
U.C. Berkeley's 4.4BSD-lite release for the i386 platform. It is
@ -86,7 +88,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
<item>Improved SCSI support
</itemize>
<sect1>What do I need to run FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>What do I need to run FreeBSD?</heading>
<p>
You'll need a 386 or better PC, with 4 Mo or more of RAM and at
least 60 MB of hard disk space. It can run with a low end MDA
@ -94,7 +97,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
See the section on <ref id="hardware" name="Hardware compatibility">
<sect1>Where can I get FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>Where can I get FreeBSD</heading>
<p>
The distribution is available via anonymous ftp from:
<url url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/" name="FreeBSD home directory">
@ -113,7 +117,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
email: <url url="mailto:orders@cdrom.com" name="WC Orders address"> <newline>
WWW: <url url="http://www.cdrom.com/" name="WC Home page"><newline>
<sect1>What are the FreeBSD mailing lists, and how can I get on them?
<sect1>
<heading>What are the FreeBSD mailing lists, and how can I get on them?</heading>
<p>
The following mailing lists are provided for FreeBSD users and
developers. For more information, send to
@ -166,7 +171,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
<bf/not/ to the list itself. The last thing the subscribred
users want to see is administrative requests...
<sect1>What are the various FreeBSD news groups?
<sect1>
<heading>What are the various FreeBSD news groups?</heading>
<p>
There are two newsgroups currently dedicated to FreeBSD:
<descrip>
@ -185,7 +191,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
Trn, TIN and others there.
</sect1>
<sect1>Books on FreeBSD
<sect1>
<heading>Books on FreeBSD</heading>
<p>
There currently aren't any books written specifically for
FreeBSD, although some people are supposedly working on some.
@ -249,7 +256,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
these, however, are also on the FreeBSD 2.0.5R CDROM (and the
FreeBSD CDROM often has newer versions).
<sect1>Other sources of information.
<sect1>
<heading>Other sources of information.</heading>
<p>
One good source of additional information is the
``&lsqb;comp.unix.bsd&rsqb; NetBSD, FreeBSD, and 386BSD (0.1)
@ -270,9 +278,11 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
The FreeBSD handbook has a pretty complete bibliography, look at:
<url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook/bibliography.html" name="Bibliography">
<sect>FreeBSD goals
<sect>
<heading>FreeBSD goals</heading>
<p>
<sect1>Copyrights
<sect1>
<heading>Copyrights</heading>
<p>
The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that may
be used for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of us
@ -291,9 +301,11 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
in how the code is shared and distributed and so is a string we
can reasonably live with.
<sect>Installation
<sect>
<heading>Installation</heading>
<p>
<sect1>How do I install FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>How do I install FreeBSD?</heading>
<p>
<bf/IMPORTANT NOTE/ if you are installing 2.0.5R from tape, see
@ -318,7 +330,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
RELNOTES -- Release notes
</verb>
<sect1>Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first?
<sect1>
<heading>Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first?</heading>
<p>
If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free
@ -337,7 +350,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
menu for an estimation of how much free space you'll need for the
kind of installation you want.
<sect1>Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?</heading>
<p>
No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or
@ -351,14 +365,16 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
partition and use this for communications between DOS and
FreeBSD.
<sect1>Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?
<sect1>
<heading>Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?</heading>
<p>
This feature isn't in FreeBSD 2.0.5 but should be in 2.1. We've
laid all the groundwork for making this happen, now we just need
to do the last 1% of the work involved.
<sect1>Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?</heading>
<p>
Not yet! We'd like to add support for this someday, but are
@ -374,8 +390,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
to run DOS text mode applications. It requires the X Window
System (provided as XFree86 3.1.2).
<sect1>Help! I can't install from tape! The install fails with a ``record too big'' error!
<label id="install-tape">
<sect1>
<heading>Help! I can't install from tape! The install fails with a ``record too big'' error!<label id="install-tape"></heading>
<p>
If you are installing 2.0.5R from tape, you must create the tape
using a tar blocksize of 10 (5120 bytes). The default tar
@ -384,7 +400,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
you will get an error that complains about the record size being
too big.
<sect1>I want to install FreeBSD onto a SCSI disk that has more than 1024 cylinders. How do I do it?
<sect1>
<heading>I want to install FreeBSD onto a SCSI disk that has more than 1024 cylinders. How do I do it?</heading>
<p>
This depends. If you don't have DOS (or another operating
@ -402,7 +419,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
subdirectory) which can be used for this purpose.
<sect1>When I boot FreeBSD it says ``Missing Operating System''.
<sect1>
<heading>When I boot FreeBSD it says ``Missing Operating System''.</heading>
<p>
See question above. This is classically a case of FreeBSD and
@ -410,7 +428,8 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
geometry. You will have to reinstall FreeBSD, but obeying the
instructions given above will almost always get you going.
<sect1>When I install the boot manager and try to boot FreeBSD for the first time, it just comes back with the boot manager prompt again.
<sect1>
<heading>When I install the boot manager and try to boot FreeBSD for the first time, it just comes back with the boot manager prompt again.</heading>
<p>
This is another symptom of the problem described in the preceding
@ -419,8 +438,11 @@ Any entries with a &lt;XXX&gt; are under construction.
translation (often marked as ``&gt;1GB drive support''), try
toggling its setting and reinstalling FreeBSD.
<sect1>I'm having lots of trouble trying to disklabel a new SCSI drive. I have made an entry in <tt>/etc/disktab</tt>, but when I try to label the drive the following happens:
<p>
<sect1>
<heading>I'm having lots of trouble trying to disklabel a new SCSI drive.</heading>
<p>I have made an entry in <tt>/etc/disktab</tt>, but
when I try to label the drive the following happens:
<verb>
mips# disklabel -w /dev/sd1 sea32550N
disklabel: ioctl DIOCWDINFO: Operation not supported by device
@ -507,7 +529,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\
offset 0 is invalid so <tt/sysinstall/ doesn't support creating
such slices.
<sect1>I have an IDE drive with lots of bad blocks on it and FreeBSD doesn't seem to install properly.
<sect1>
<heading>I have an IDE drive with lots of bad blocks on it and FreeBSD doesn't seem to install properly.</heading>
<p>
FreeBSD's bad block (the ``<tt/bad144/'' command) handling is
@ -522,14 +545,15 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\
to see if this feature has been disabled on your drive. However,
ESDI, RLL, and ST-506 drives normally do not do this.
<sect1>I have 32MB of memory, should I expect any special problems?
<label id="bigram">
<sect1>
<heading>I have 32MB of memory, should I expect any special problems?<label id="bigram"></heading>
<p>
No. FreeBSD 2.X comes with bounce buffers which allows your bus
mastering controller access to greater than 16MB.
<sect1>My network card keeps getting errors like, ``<tt/ed1: timeout/''. What's going on?
<sect1>
<heading>My network card keeps getting errors like, ``<tt/ed1: timeout/''. What's going on?</heading>
<p>
This is usually caused by an interrupt conflict (e.g., two boards
@ -538,7 +562,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\
presence of IRQ conflicts. However, with 2.0.5R and later, IRQ
conflicts are no longer tolerated.
<sect1>Do I need to install the complete sources?
<sect1>
<heading>Do I need to install the complete sources?</heading>
<p> In general, no. However, we would strongly recommend that you
install, at a minimum, the ``<tt/base/'' source kit, which
@ -560,7 +585,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\
releases of FreeBSD.
<sect1>DES encryption software can not be exported from the United States. If I live outside the US, how can I encrypt passwords?
<sect1>
<heading>DES encryption software can not be exported from the United States. If I live outside the US, how can I encrypt passwords?</heading>
<p> If it is not absolutely imperative that you use DES style
encryption, you can use FreeBSD's default encryption for even
@ -607,9 +633,11 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\
</sect1>
</sect>
<sect>Hardware compatibility <label id="hardware">
<sect>
<heading>Hardware compatibility <label id="hardware"></heading>
<p>
<sect1>What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on?
<sect1>
<heading>What kind of hard drives does FreeBSD run on?</heading>
<p>
FreeBSD supports ST-506 (sometimes called ``MFM''), RLL, and ESDI
@ -618,7 +646,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\
FreeBSD also supports IDE and SCSI hard drives.
<sect1>What SCSI controllers are supported?
<sect1>
<heading>What SCSI controllers are supported?</heading>
<p>
FreeBSD supports the following SCSI controllers:
@ -658,7 +687,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\
WD7000 &lt;ISA&gt; &lt;No scatter/gather&gt;
</descrip>
<sect1>What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>What CD-ROM drives are supported by FreeBSD?</heading>
<p>
Any SCSI drive connected to a supported controller.
@ -673,7 +703,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\
All non-SCSI cards are known to be extremely slow compared to
SCSI drives.
<sect1>What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>What multi-port serial cards are supported by FreeBSD?</heading>
<p>
<itemize>
@ -697,14 +728,16 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\
Check the <tt/sio(4)/ man page to get more information on
configuring such cards.
<sect1>Does FreeBSD support the AHA-2xxx SCSI adapters from Adaptec?
<sect1>
<heading>Does FreeBSD support the AHA-2xxx SCSI adapters from Adaptec?</heading>
<p>
FreeBSD supports the AHA-2xxx line of disks. The GPL portions
of the old drivers have been re-written and now it is fully
under the Berkeley style copyright.
<sect1>I have a Mumbleco bus mouse. Is it supported and if so, how do I set it up for XFree86?
<sect1>
<heading>I have a Mumbleco bus mouse. Is it supported and if so, how do I set it up for XFree86?</heading>
<p>
FreeBSD supports the Logitech and ATI Inport bus mice. You need
@ -714,7 +747,8 @@ sea32550N|Seagate 32550N:\
device mse0 at isa? port 0x23c tty irq6 vector mseintr
</verb>
<sect1>I have a PS/2 mouse (``keyboard'' mouse) (Alternatively: I have a laptop with a track-ball mouse). How do I use it?
<sect1>
<heading>I have a PS/2 mouse (``keyboard'' mouse) (Alternatively: I have a laptop with a track-ball mouse). How do I use it?</heading>
<p>
You'll have to add the following lines to your kernel
configuration file and recompile:
@ -724,13 +758,15 @@ device psm0 at isa? port "IO_KBD" conflicts tty irq 12 vector psmintr
options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
</verb>
<sect1>What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>What types of tape drives are supported under FreeBSD?</heading>
<p>
FreeBSD supports SCSI, QIC-02 and QIC-40/80 (Floppy based) tape
drives. This includes 8-mm (aka Exabyte) and DAT drives.
<sect1>What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>What sound cards are supported by FreeBSD?</heading>
<p>
FreeBSD supports the SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro, SoundBlaster
@ -742,7 +778,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
<bf/NOTE/ This is only for sound! This driver does not support
CD-ROMs, SCSI or joysticks on these cards.
<sect1>What network cards does FreeBSD support?
<sect1>
<heading>What network cards does FreeBSD support?</heading>
<p>
There is support for the following cards:
@ -795,7 +832,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
we are incompatiable with other versions, but we hope to correct
this in the near future.
<sect1>I have a 386/486sx/486SLC machine without a math co-processor. Will this cause me any problems?
<sect1>
<heading>I have a 386/486sx/486SLC machine without a math co-processor. Will this cause me any problems?</heading>
<p>
Generally no, but there are circumstances where you will take a
@ -808,7 +846,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
us to say it, but nobody ever got fired for buying Intel. Unless
you're sure it works with FreeBSD, beware of clones.
<sect1>What other devices does 2.X support?
<sect1>
<heading>What other devices does 2.X support?</heading>
<p>
Here is a listing of drivers that do not fit into any of the
@ -842,7 +881,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
Driver for the X-10 POWERHOUSE <newline>
</descrip>
<sect1>I am about to buy a new machine to run FreeBSD on and want an idea of what other people are running. Is there list of other systems anywhere?
<sect1>
<heading>I am about to buy a new machine to run FreeBSD on and want an idea of what other people are running. Is there list of other systems anywhere?</heading>
<p>
Yes. Please look at the file <tt>Systems.FAQ</tt>. This file is
@ -851,13 +891,15 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
have sent in, and does not constitute any kind of endorsement by
the FreeBSD Project.
<sect1>I have a lap-top with power management. Can FreeBSD take advantage of this?
<sect1>
<heading>I have a lap-top with power management. Can FreeBSD take advantage of this?</heading>
<p>
Yes it can on certain machines. Please look in the <tt/LINT/
kernel config file under <tt/APM/.
<sect>Commercial Applications
<sect>
<heading>Commercial Applications</heading>
<p>
<bf/NOTE/ This section is still very sparse, though we're hoping, of
@ -869,7 +911,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
entries here for inclusion.
<sect1>Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD?
<sect1>
<heading>Where can I get Motif for FreeBSD?</heading>
<p>
Contact the following company:
@ -881,8 +924,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
FAX: +44 (0) 329 825936<newline>
Email: <url url="mailto:info@lasermoon.co.uk" name="Info Address">
<sect1>Are there any commercial X servers for some of the high-end graphics cards like the Matrox or &num;9 I-128, or offering 8/16/24 bit deep pallettes?
<label id="xinside">
<sect1>
<heading>Are there any commercial X servers for some of the high-end graphics cards like the Matrox or &num;9 I-128, or offering 8/16/24 bit deep pallettes?<label id="xinside"></heading>
<p>
Yes, X Inside Incorporated sells their Accelerated-X product for
FreeBSD and other Intel based systems.
@ -909,7 +952,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
phone +1(303)384-9999
</descrip>
<sect1>Any other applications I might be interested in?
<sect1>
<heading>Any other applications I might be interested in?</heading>
<p>
RenderMorphics, Ltd. sells a high-speed 3D rendering package for
@ -934,9 +978,11 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
</sect1>
<sect>User Applications
<sect>
<heading>User Applications</heading>
<sect1>I want to run X, how do I go about it?
<sect1>
<heading>I want to run X, how do I go about it?</heading>
<p>
First, get the XFree86(tm) distribution of X11R6 from
@ -951,7 +997,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
available at a very reasonable price. See section
<ref id="xinside" name="on Xaccel"> for more details.
<sect1>I've been trying to run ghostscript on a 386 (or 486sx) with no math co-processor and I keep getting errors. What's up? <label id="emul">
<sect1>
<heading>I've been trying to run ghostscript on a 386 (or 486sx) with no math co-processor and I keep getting errors. What's up?<label id="emul"></heading>
<p>
You will need to add the alternate math emulator to your kernel,
@ -965,7 +1012,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
<bf/NOTE/ You will need to remove the <tt/MATH&lowbar;EMULATE/
option when you do this.
<sect1>I want all this neat software, but I haven't got the space or CPU power to compile it all myself. Is there any way of getting binaries?
<sect1>
<heading>I want all this neat software, but I haven't got the space or CPU power to compile it all myself. Is there any way of getting binaries?</heading>
<p>
Yes. We support the concept of a ``package'', which is
@ -986,9 +1034,11 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
details on the care and feeding of the package software, so no
explicit details will be given here.
<sect>Miscellaneous Questions
<sect>
<heading>Miscellaneous Questions</heading>
<p>
<sect1>Hey! Chmod doesn't change the file permissions of symlinked files! What's going on?
<sect1>
<heading>Hey! Chmod doesn't change the file permissions of symlinked files! What's going on?</heading>
<p>
You have to use either ``<tt/-H/'' or ``<tt/-L/'' together with
the ``<tt/-R/'' option to make this work. See the <tt/chmod(1)/
@ -1011,7 +1061,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
``<tt/foo/'', to change the permissions of the directory,
``<tt/bar/''.
<sect1>How do I mount a CDROM? I've tried using <tt/mount(8)/, but it keeps on giving me an error like, ``<tt>/dev/cd0a on /mnt: Incorrect super block.</tt>''
<sect1>
<heading>How do I mount a CDROM? I've tried using <tt/mount(8)/, but it keeps on giving me an error like, ``<tt>/dev/cd0a on /mnt: Incorrect super block.</tt>''</heading>
<p>
You have to tell <tt/mount(8)/ the type of the device that you
want to mount. By default, <tt/mount(8)/ will assume the
@ -1038,12 +1089,14 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
mount_cd9660 /dev/cd0c /mnt
</verb>
<sect1>When I try to mount a CDROM, I get a ``Device not configured'' error. What's going on?
<sect1>
<heading>When I try to mount a CDROM, I get a ``Device not configured'' error. What's going on?</heading>
<p>
This generally means that there is no CDROM in the CDROM drive.
Feed the drive something.
<sect1>My programs occasionally die with ``Signal 11'' errors. What's going on?
<sect1>
<heading>My programs occasionally die with ``Signal 11'' errors. What's going on?</heading>
<p>
This can be caused by bad hardware (memory, motherboard, etc.).
Try running a memory-testing program on your PC. Note that, even
@ -1053,7 +1106,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
(such as during busmastering DMA from a SCSI controller like the
Adaptec 1542).
<sect1>Help, some of my X Window menus and dialog boxes don't work right! I can't select them.
<sect1>
<heading>Help, some of my X Window menus and dialog boxes don't work right! I can't select them.</heading>
<p>
Try turning off the Num Lock key.
@ -1067,7 +1121,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
ServerNumLock
</verb>
<sect1>How do I access the virtual consoles?
<sect1>
<heading>How do I access the virtual consoles?</heading>
<p>
If the console is not currently displaying X Window, just press
Alt-F1 to Alt-F12.
@ -1086,7 +1141,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
Ctrl key; the Ctrl-Alt-function key combination is used only when
switching from X Window to a virtual terminal.
<sect1>How do I increase the number of virtual consoles?
<sect1>
<heading>How do I increase the number of virtual consoles?</heading>
<p>
Edit <tt>/etc/ttys</tt> and add entries for ``<tt/ttyv4/'' to
``<tt/ttyvc/'' after the comment on ``Virtual terminals'' (delete
@ -1160,13 +1216,15 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
will probably appear to hang/lock up after executing the kill
command.
<sect1>I've heard of something called FreeBSD-current. How do I run it, and where can I get more information?
<sect1>
<heading>I've heard of something called FreeBSD-current. How do I run it, and where can I get more information?</heading>
<p>
Read the file <tt>/usr/src/share/FAQ/Text/current-policy.FAQ</tt>,
it will tell you all you need to know.
<sect1>What is this thing called ``<tt/sup/'', and how do I use it?
<sect1>
<heading>What is this thing called ``<tt/sup/'', and how do I use it?</heading>
<p>
SUP stands for Software Update Protocol, and was developed by CMU
@ -1198,7 +1256,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
which are a set of supfiles for supping from <tt/FreeBSD.ORG/.
<sect1>How do I create customized installation disks that I can give out to other people at my site?
<sect1>
<heading>How do I create customized installation disks that I can give out to other people at my site?</heading>
<p>
The entire process of creating installation disks and source and
@ -1206,7 +1265,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
<tt>/usr/src/release/Makefile</tt>. The information there should
be enough to get you started.
<sect1>How do I re-build my system without clobbering the existing installed binaries?
<sect1>
<heading>How do I re-build my system without clobbering the existing installed binaries?</heading>
<p>
If you define the environment variable <tt/DESTDIR/ while running
@ -1218,7 +1278,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
however.
<sect1>When my system booted, it told me that ``(bus speed defaulted)''. What does that mean?
<sect1>
<heading>When my system booted, it told me that ``(bus speed defaulted)''. What does that mean?</heading>
<p>
The Adaptec 1542 SCSI host adapters allow the user to configure
@ -1231,7 +1292,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
but on those systems where it doesn't, your data could be
corrupted.
<sect1>I would like to track changes to current and do not have net access. Is there any way besides downloading the whole tree? <label id="ctm">
<sect1>
<heading>I would like to track changes to current and do not have net access. Is there any way besides downloading the whole tree?<label id="ctm"></heading>
<p>
Yes, you can use the <tt/CTM/ facility. Check out the
@ -1242,7 +1304,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
for more information.
<sect1>How do I split up large binary files into smaller 240k files like the distribution does?
<sect1>
<heading>How do I split up large binary files into smaller 240k files like the distribution does?</heading>
<p>
Newer BSD based systems have a ``<tt/-b/'' option to split that
@ -1259,9 +1322,11 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
$&lcub;RELEASEDIR&rcub;/tarballs/bindist/bin_tgz.)
</verb>
<sect1>&lt;XXX&gt; I've had a couple of system panics and would like to be able browse the system dumps. The normal kernel is stripped and I don't want to run a bloated kernel. What can I do?</>
<sect1>
<heading>&lt;XXX&gt; I've had a couple of system panics and would like to be able browse the system dumps. The normal kernel is stripped and I don't want to run a bloated kernel. What can I do?</heading>
<sect1>I've got this neato kernel extension I just know everyone will will want. How do I get it included into the distribution?
<sect1>
<heading>I've got this neato kernel extension I just know everyone will will want. How do I get it included into the distribution?</heading>
<p>
Please take a look at the FAQ for submiting code to FreeBSD at:
@ -1273,9 +1338,11 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
</sect1>
<sect>Kernel Configuration
<sect>
<heading>Kernel Configuration</heading>
<p>
<sect1>Ok, so how DO I compile my own kernel, anyway? <label id="make-kernel">
<sect1>
<heading>Ok, so how DO I compile my own kernel, anyway?<label id="make-kernel"></heading>
<p>
Before you can compile a kernel, you need either the complete
<tt/srcdist/ or, at the minimum, the <tt/kerndist/ loaded on your
@ -1339,7 +1406,8 @@ options PSM_NO_RESET #don't reset mouse hardware (some laptops)
messages printed by your old kernel, some of which may be quite
helpful in configuring the new one.
<sect1>When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me that only the first port is probed and the rest skipped due to interrupt conflicts. How do I fix this?
<sect1>
<heading>When I compile a kernel with multi-port serial code, it tells me that only the first port is probed and the rest skipped due to interrupt conflicts. How do I fix this?</heading>
<p>
The problem here is that FreeBSD has code built-in to keep the
@ -1357,7 +1425,8 @@ device sio4 at isa? port 0x2b0 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
device sio5 at isa? port 0x2b8 tty flags 0x501 vector siointr
</verb>
<sect1>FreeBSD is supposed to come with support for QIC-40/80 drives but when I look, I can't find it.
<sect1>
<heading>FreeBSD is supposed to come with support for QIC-40/80 drives but when I look, I can't find it.</heading>
<p>
You need to uncomment the following line in the generic config
@ -1391,7 +1460,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
<tt/-current/ and try that.
<sect1>Does FreeBSD support IPC primitives like those in System V?
<sect1>
<heading>Does FreeBSD support IPC primitives like those in System V?</heading>
<p>
Yes, FreeBSD supports System V-style IPC. This includes shared
@ -1407,7 +1477,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
Recompile and install.
<sect1>Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures?
<sect1>
<heading>Will FreeBSD ever support other architectures?</heading>
<p>
Several different groups have expressed interest in working on
@ -1416,7 +1487,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
<tt>&lt;platforms@FreeBSD.ORG&gt;</tt> for more information on our
strategy for porting.
<sect1>I just wrote a device driver for a Foobar Systems, Inc. Integrated Adaptive Gronkulator card. How do I get the appropriate major numbers assigned?
<sect1>
<heading>I just wrote a device driver for a Foobar Systems, Inc. Integrated Adaptive Gronkulator card. How do I get the appropriate major numbers assigned?</heading>
<p>
This depends on whether or not you plan on making the driver
@ -1432,9 +1504,11 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
</sect1>
<sect>System Administration
<sect>
<heading>System Administration</heading>
<sect1>Hmm, where are my familiar BSD system files ? What's this <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> thing ?
<sect1>
<heading>Hmm, where are my familiar BSD system files ? What's this <tt>/etc/sysconfig</tt> thing?</heading>
<p>
As for 2.0.5R, the primary configuration file is
@ -1455,7 +1529,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
The <tt>/etc/rc.i386</tt> is for Intel-specifics setting like the
iBCS2 emulation.
<sect1>How do I add a user easily? I read the man page and am more confused than ever! (Alternatively: I didn't read the man page, I never read man pages! :-) )
<sect1>
<heading>How do I add a user easily? I read the man page and am more confused than ever!</heading>
<p>
Use the <tt/adduser/ command.
@ -1465,12 +1540,14 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
<tt>&lt;roberto@FreeBSD.ORG&gt;</tt> about it. It is currently
under further development.
<sect1>&lt;XXX&gt; I'm trying to use my printer and keep running into problems. I tried looking at <tt>/etc/printcap</tt>, but it's close to useless. Any ideas?
<sect1>
<heading>&lt;XXX&gt; I'm trying to use my printer and keep running into problems. I tried looking at <tt>/etc/printcap</tt>, but it's close to useless. Any ideas?</heading>
<p>
Still under construction.
</sect1>
<sect1>My keyboard mappings are wrong for my system. How can I fix them?
<sect1>
<heading>My keyboard mappings are wrong for my system. How can I fix them?</heading>
<p>
The kbdcontrol program has an option to load a keyboard map file.
Under <tt>/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</tt> are a number of map
@ -1502,9 +1579,11 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
</itemize>
</sect1>
<sect>Networking
<sect>
<heading>Networking</heading>
<sect1>Where can I get information booting FreeBSD ``diskless'', that is booting and running a FreeBSD box from a server rather than having a local disk?
<sect1>
<heading>Where can I get information booting FreeBSD ``diskless'', that is booting and running a FreeBSD box from a server rather than having a local disk?</heading>
<p>
Please read the diskless section in the Handbook. It is in
@ -1513,7 +1592,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
<url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook/diskless.html"
name="Handbook's section on diskless boot">
<sect1>I've heard that you can use a FreeBSD box as a dedicated network router - is there any easy support for this?
<sect1>
<heading>I've heard that you can use a FreeBSD box as a dedicated network router - is there any easy support for this?</heading>
<p>
Internet standards and good engineering practice prohibit us from
@ -1536,7 +1616,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
standard requirements for routers; however, it comes close enough
for ordinary usage.
<sect1>Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP?</>
<sect1>
<heading>Does FreeBSD support SLIP and PPP?</heading>
<p>
Yes. See the man pages for <tt/slattach(8)/ and/or <tt/pppd(8)/
@ -1555,7 +1636,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
<url url="http://www.FreeBSD.ORG/How/handbook"
name="FreeBSD's Handbook">
<sect1>How do I get my network set up? I don't see how to make my <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> device!
<sect1>
<heading>How do I get my network set up? I don't see how to make my <tt>/dev/ed0</tt> device!</heading>
<p>
In the Berkeley networking framework, network interfaces are only
@ -1568,7 +1650,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
networking on FreeBSD is basically the same as on SunOS 4.0 or
Ultrix.
<sect1>How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port?
<sect1>
<heading>How do I get my 3C503 to use the other network port?</heading>
<p>
If you want to use the other ports, you'll have to specify an
@ -1576,7 +1659,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
default port is ``<tt/link0/''. To use the AUI port instead of
the BNC one, use ``<tt/link2/''.
<sect1>I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD and my Wuffotronics Workstation / generic NFS appliance, where should I look first?
<sect1>
<heading>I'm having problems with NFS to/from FreeBSD and my Wuffotronics Workstation / generic NFS appliance, where should I look first?</heading>
<p>
Certain PC network cards are better than others (to put it
@ -1590,7 +1674,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
for more information on
this topic.
<sect1>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box?
<sect1>
<heading>Why can't I NFS-mount from a Linux box?</heading>
<p>
Some versions of the Linux NFS code only accept mount requests
@ -1599,7 +1684,8 @@ disk fd1 at fdc0 drive 1
mount -o -P linuxbox:/blah /mnt
</verb>
<sect1>I want to enable IP multicast support on my FreeBSD box, how do I do it? (Alternatively: What the heck IS multicasting and what applications make use of it?)
<sect1>
<heading>I want to enable IP multicast support on my FreeBSD box, how do I do it? (Alternatively: What the heck IS multicasting and what applications make use of it?)</heading>
<p>
Multicast host operations are fully supported in FreeBSD 2.0 by
@ -1630,12 +1716,14 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
</sect1>
<sect> Serial Communications
<sect>
<heading>Serial Communications</heading>
<p>
This section answers common questions about serial communications
with FreeBSD.
<sect1> How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports or modem cards?
<sect1>
<heading>How do I tell if FreeBSD found my serial ports or modem cards?</heading>
<p>
As the FreeBSD kernel boots, it will probe for the serial ports
in your system for which the kernel was configured. You can
@ -1669,12 +1757,14 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
section <ref id="make-kernel" name="about building a kernel"> for
more details.
<sect1>Hey, I just upgraded to 2.0.5 and my <tt/tty0X/ are missing !
<sect1>
<heading>Hey, I just upgraded to 2.0.5 and my <tt/tty0X/ are missing!</heading>
<p>
Don't worry, they have been merged with the <tt/ttydX/
devices. You'll have to change old configuration files.
<sect1> How do I access the serial ports once FreeBSD is running?
<sect1>
<heading>How do I access the serial ports once FreeBSD is running?</heading>
<p>
The third serial port, <tt/sio2/ (known as COM3 in DOS), is on
<tt>/dev/cuaa2</tt> for dial-out devices, and on
@ -1693,7 +1783,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
can still dialout with the same modem and the system will take
care of all the conflicts.
<sect1> How do I configure the kernel for my multiport serial card?
<sect1>
<heading>How do I configure the kernel for my multiport serial card?</heading>
<p>
Again, the section on kernel configuration provides information
about configuring your kernel. For a multiport serial card,
@ -1716,11 +1807,13 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
(<tt/0x700/), diagnostics enabled during probe (<tt/0x080/), and
all the ports share an irq (<tt/0x001/).
<sect1> I have two multiport serial cards that can share irqs. Can FreeBSD handle this?
<sect1>
<heading>I have two multiport serial cards that can share irqs. Can FreeBSD handle this?</heading>
<p>
Not yet. You'll have to use a different irq for each card.
<sect1> What's the difference between <tt/ttyd1/, <tt/ttyid1/, and <tt/ttyld1/? Or, how can I set the default serial parameters for a port?
<sect1>
<heading>What's the difference between <tt/ttyd1/, <tt/ttyid1/, and <tt/ttyld1/? Or, how can I set the default serial parameters for a port?</heading>
<p>
The <tt/ttydX/ (or <tt/cuaaX/) device is the regular device
you'll want to open for your applications. When a process opens
@ -1759,7 +1852,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
devices writable only by <tt/root/. The <tt/MAKEDEV/ script does
<bf/NOT/ do this when it creates the device entries.
<sect1> How can I enable dialup logins on my modem?
<sect1>
<heading>How can I enable dialup logins on my modem?</heading>
<p>
So you want to become an Internet service provider, eh? First,
you'll need one or more modems that can autoanswer. Your modem
@ -1820,7 +1914,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
747 ?? I 0:00.04 /usr/libexec/getty std.57600 ttyd1
</verb>
<sect1> How can I make my spare computer a dumb terminal connected to my FreeBSD box?
<sect1>
<heading>How can I make my spare computer a dumb terminal connected to my FreeBSD box?</heading>
<p>
If you're using another computer as a terminal into your FreeBSD
system, get a null modem cable to go between the two serial
@ -1838,7 +1933,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
(<tt/std.38400/ from <tt>/etc/gettytab</tt>) and <tt/root/ logins
are allowed (secure).
<sect1> Why can't I run <tt/tip/ or <tt/cu/?
<sect1>
<heading>Why can't I run <tt/tip/ or <tt/cu/?</heading>
<p>
On your system, the programs <tt/tip/ and <tt/cu/ are probably
executable only by <tt/uucp/ and group <tt/dialer/. You can use
@ -1853,7 +1949,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
You don't have to run this command for <tt/cu/, since <tt/cu/ is
just a hard link to <tt/tip/.
<sect1> My stock Hayes modem isn't supported---what should I do?
<sect1>
<heading>My stock Hayes modem isn't supported---what should I do?</heading>
<p>
Actually, the man page for <tt/tip/ is out of date. There is a
generic Hayes dialer already built in. Just use
@ -1878,7 +1975,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
1/''. Then ``<tt/make/'' and ``<tt/make install/''. Everything
works nicely after that.
<sect1> How am I expected to enter these AT commands without resorting to some DOS-based terminal program? <label id="direct-at">
<sect1>
<heading>How am I expected to enter these AT commands without resorting to some DOS-based terminal program?<label id="direct-at"></heading>
<p>
Make what's called a ``<tt/direct/'' entry in your
<tt>/etc/remote</tt> file. For example, if your modem's hooked
@ -1897,7 +1995,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
MAKEDEV cuaa0
</verb>
<sect1> Why doesn't the <tt/@/ sign for the phone number capability work?
<sect1>
<heading>Why doesn't the <tt/@/ sign for the phone number capability work?</heading>
<p>
The <tt/@/ sign in the pn capability tells tip to look in
<tt>/etc/phones</tt> for a phone number. But the <tt/@/ sign is
@ -1907,7 +2006,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
pn=\@
</verb>
<sect1> How can I dial a phone number on the command line?
<sect1>
<heading>How can I dial a phone number on the command line?</heading>
<p>
Put what's called a ``<tt/generic/'' entry in your
<tt>/etc/remote</tt> file. For example:
@ -1926,7 +2026,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
</verb>
and type ``<tt/cu 5551234 -s 115200/''.
<sect1> Great---but how can I do that without having to specify the bps rate on the command line?
<sect1>
<heading>Great---but how can I do that without having to specify the bps rate on the command line?</heading>
<p>
Put in an entry for <tt/tip1200/ or <tt/cu1200/, but go ahead and
use whatever bps rate is appropriate with the br
@ -1934,7 +2035,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
why it looks for a ``<tt/tip1200/'' entry. You don't have to use
1200 bps, though.
<sect1> I want separate entries for various hosts I access through a terminal server, but I don't want to type ``<tt/CONNECT &lt;host&gt;/'' each time once I'm connected. Can <tt/tip/ do that for me?
<sect1>
<heading>I want separate entries for various hosts I access through a terminal server, but I don't want to type ``<tt/CONNECT &lt;host&gt;/'' each time once I'm connected. Can <tt/tip/ do that for me?</heading>
<p>
Yes. Use the <tt/cm/ capability. For example, these entries in
<tt>/etc/remote</tt>:
@ -1951,7 +2053,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
connect to the hosts pain or muffin; and ``<tt/tip deep13/'' to
get to the terminal server.
<sect1> My university has 42 billion students but only 4 modem lines. Can tip automatically try each line?
<sect1>
<heading>My university has 42 billion students but only 4 modem lines. Can tip automatically try each line?</heading>
<p>
Sure. Make an entry for your university in <tt>/etc/remote</tt>
and use <tt>\@</tt> for the <tt/pn/ capability:
@ -1974,7 +2077,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
<tt/tip/ will try each one in the listed order, then give up. If
you want to keep retrying, run <tt/tip/ in a while loop.
<sect1> How come I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P once?
<sect1>
<heading>How come I have to hit CTRL+P twice to send CTRL+P once?</heading>
<p>
CTRL+P is the default ``force'' character, used to tell <tt/tip/
that the next character is literal data. You can set the force
@ -1995,7 +2099,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
force=<single-char>
</verb>
<sect1> Suddenly everything I type is all UPPER CASE. What gives?
<sect1>
<heading>Suddenly everything I type is all UPPER CASE. What gives?</heading>
<p>
You must've pressed CTRL+A, <tt/tip/'s ``raise character,''
specially designed for people with broken caps-lock keys. Use
@ -2011,7 +2116,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
</verb>
The ^^ is SHIFT+CTRL+6.
<sect1> How can I do file transfers with <tt/tip/?
<sect1>
<heading>How can I do file transfers with <tt/tip/?</heading>
<p>
If you're talking to another UNIX system, you can send and
receive files with <tt/~p/ (put) and <tt/~t/ (take). These
@ -2025,7 +2131,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
There's no error checking, so you probably should use another
protocol, like zmodem.
<sect1> Okay, how can I run zmodem with <tt/tip/?
<sect1>
<heading>Okay, how can I run zmodem with <tt/tip/?</heading>
<p>
To receive files, start the sending program on the remote end.
Then, type ``<tt/~C rz/'' to begin receiving them locally.
@ -2036,7 +2143,8 @@ vat_nv_record Recording tools for vat ftp.sics.se:archive/vat_nv_record.tar.Z
</sect>
<sect>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
<sect>
<heading>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</heading>
<p>
<code>