Minor mdoc fixes and language tweaks.
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@ -35,16 +35,15 @@ kldload a.out
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Xr a.out 5
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executable format was used by
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.Fx
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of versions \*(Lt 3.0.
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Since only i386 architecture was supported at that time, the
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executable format was used before the release of
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.Fx 3.0.
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Since i386 was the only supported architecture at that time,
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.Xr a.out 5
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executables can only be activated on the platforms that support
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execution of i386 code, which are i386, amd64 and (partially) ia64.
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executables can only be activated on platforms that support
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execution of i386 code, such as i386, amd64 and (partially) ia64.
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.Pp
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To add kernel support for old syscalls and old syscall invocation methods,
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you need to place the following options in the kernel configuration file:
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place the following options in the kernel configuration file:
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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.Cd "options COMPAT_43"
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.br
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@ -57,14 +56,16 @@ option is only required on 64-bit CPU architectures.
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.Pp
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The
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.Va aout.ko
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module must be loaded to get support for
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module needs to be loaded with the
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.Xr kldload 8
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utility in order to support the
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.Xr a.out 5
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image activator.
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Use the command
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image activator:
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.Bd -ragged -offset indent
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.Ic kldload aout
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.Ed
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or put the following line in
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.Pp
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Alternatively, to load the module at boot time, place the following line in
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.Xr loader.conf 5 :
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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aout_load="YES"
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@ -72,9 +73,9 @@ aout_load="YES"
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.Pp
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The
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.Xr a.out 5
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format was mainstream quite long time ago.
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The reasonable default settings and security requirements of the
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modern OS contradict to the default environment of that time and
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format was mainstream quite a long time ago.
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Reasonable default settings and security requirements of
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modern operating systems today contradict the default environment of that time and
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require adjustments of the system to mimic natural environment for
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old binaries.
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.Pp
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@ -84,10 +85,10 @@ tunables are useful for this:
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.Bl -tag -offset indent -width "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
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.It Xo Va security.bsd.map_at_zero
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.Xc
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Set to 1 to allow the mapping of process pages at the address 0.
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Set to 1 to allow mapping of process pages at address 0.
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Some very old
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.Va ZMAGIC
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executable images require the text mapping at the address 0.
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executable images require text mapping at address 0.
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.It Xo Va kern.pid_max
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.Xc
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Old versions of
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@ -96,12 +97,12 @@ used 16-bit types for
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.Vt pid_t .
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Current kernels use 32-bit type for
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.Vt pid_t ,
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and allow the process id's up to 99999.
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and allow process id's up to 99999.
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Such values cannot be represented by old
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.Vt pid_t ,
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mostly causing issues for the processes using
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mostly causing issues for processes using
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.Xr wait 2
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syscalls, for instance, shells.
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syscalls, for example shells.
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Set the sysctl to 30000 to work around the problem.
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.It Xo Va kern.elf32.read_exec
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.Xc
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@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ Set to 1 to force any accessible memory mapping performed by 32-bit
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process to allow execution, see
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.Xr mmap 2 .
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Old i386 CPUs did not have a bit in PTE which disallowed execution
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from the page, so many old programs did not specified
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from the page, so many old programs did not specify
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.Va PROT_EXEC
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even for mapping of executable code.
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The sysctl forces
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@ -123,8 +124,6 @@ non-executable mappings.
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.Xr a.out 5 ,
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.Xr elf 5 ,
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.Xr sysctl 8 .
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.Sh BUGS
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On 64bit architectures, not all wrappers for older syscalls are implemented.
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Xr a.out 5
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@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ executable format was used on ancient
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.At
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and served as the main executable format for
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.Fx
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from inception up to
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from the beginning up to
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.Fx 2.2.9 .
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In
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.Fx 3.0
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@ -143,3 +142,5 @@ The
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.Nm
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manual page was written by
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.An Konstantin Belousov Aq kib@FreeBSD.org .
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.Sh BUGS
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On 64bit architectures, not all wrappers for older syscalls are implemented.
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