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Document _umtx_op(2) interface for the implementation of robust mutexes.

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In libthr(3), list added knobs.

Reviewed by:	emaste
Sponsored by:	The FreeBSD Foundation
Differential revision:	https://reviews.freebsd.org/D6427
This commit is contained in:
kib 2016-05-19 17:40:00 +00:00
parent a553d8c738
commit f6cf8d1169
2 changed files with 221 additions and 14 deletions
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195
lib/libc/sys/_umtx_op.2
View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd May 5, 2016
.Dd May 17, 2016
.Dt _UMTX_OP 2
.Os
.Sh NAME
@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ struct umutex {
volatile lwpid_t m_owner;
uint32_t m_flags;
uint32_t m_ceilings[2];
uintptr_t m_rb_lnk;
};
.Ed
.Pp
@ -95,18 +96,24 @@ It contains either the thread identifier of the lock owner in the
locked state, or zero when the lock is unowned.
The highest bit set indicates that there is contention on the lock.
The constants are defined for special values:
.Bl -tag -width "Dv UMUTEX_CONTESTED"
.Bl -tag -width "Dv UMUTEX_RB_OWNERDEAD"
.It Dv UMUTEX_UNOWNED
Zero, the value stored in the unowned lock.
.It Dv UMUTEX_CONTESTED
The contenion indicator.
.It Dv UMUTEX_RB_OWNERDEAD
A thread owning the robust mutex terminated.
The mutex is in unlocked state.
.It Dv UMUTEX_RB_NOTRECOV
The robust mutex is in a non-recoverable state.
It cannot be locked until reinitialized.
.El
.Pp
The
.Dv m_flags
field may contain the following umutex-specific flags, in addition to
the common flags:
.Bl -tag -width "Dv UMUTEX_PRIO_INHERIT"
.Bl -tag -width "Dv UMUTEX_NONCONSISTENT"
.It Dv UMUTEX_PRIO_INHERIT
Mutex implements
.Em Priority Inheritance
@ -115,6 +122,13 @@ protocol.
Mutex implements
.Em Priority Protection
protocol.
.It Dv UMUTEX_ROBUST
Mutex is robust, as described in the
.Sx ROBUST UMUTEXES
section below.
.It Dv UMUTEX_NONCONSISTENT
Robust mutex is in a transient non-consistent state.
Not used by kernel.
.El
.Pp
In the manual page, mutexes not having
@ -417,6 +431,75 @@ primitives, even when the physical address of the key is same.
When waking up a limited number of threads from a given sleep queue,
the highest priority threads that have been blocked for the longest on
the queue are selected.
.Ss ROBUST UMUTEXES
The
.Em robust umutexes
are provided as a substrate for a userspace library to implement
POSIX robust mutexes.
A robust umutex must have the
.Dv UMUTEX_ROBUST
flag set.
.Pp
On thread termination, the kernel walks two lists of mutexes.
The two lists head addresses must be provided by a prior call to
.Dv UMTX_OP_ROBUST_LISTS
request.
The lists are singly-linked.
The link to next element is provided by the
.Dv m_rb_lnk
member of the
.Vt struct umutex .
.Pp
Robust list processing is aborted if the kernel finds a mutex
with any of the following conditions:
.Bl -dash -offset indent -compact
.It
the
.Dv UMUTEX_ROBUST
flag is not set
.It
not owned by the current thread, except when the mutex is pointed to
by the
.Dv robust_inactive
member of the
.Vt struct umtx_robust_lists_params ,
registered for the current thread
.It
the combination of mutex flags is invalid
.It
read of the umutex memory faults
.It
the list length limit described in
.Xr libthr 3
is reached.
.El
.Pp
Every mutex in both lists is unlocked as if the
.Dv UMTX_OP_MUTEX_UNLOCK
request is performed on it, but instead of the
.Dv UMUTEX_UNOWNED
value, the
.Dv m_owner
field is written with the
.Dv UMUTEX_RB_OWNERDEAD
value.
When a mutex in the
.Dv UMUTEX_RB_OWNERDEAD
state is locked by kernel due to the
.Dv UMTX_OP_MUTEX_TRYLOCK
and
.Dv UMTX_OP_MUTEX_LOCK
requests, the lock is granted and
.Er EOWNERDEAD
error is returned.
.Pp
Also, the kernel handles the
.Dv UMUTEX_RB_NOTRECOV
value of
.Dv the m_owner
field specially, always returning the
.Er ENOTRECOVERABLE
error for lock attempts, without granting the lock.
.Ss OPERATIONS
The following operations, requested by the
.Fa op
@ -582,12 +665,12 @@ The arguments to the request are:
Pointer to the umutex.
.It Fa val
New ceiling value.
.It Fa uaddr1
.It Fa uaddr
Address of a variable of type
.Vt uint32_t .
If not NULL, after the successful update the previous ceiling value is
written to the location pointed to by
.Fa uaddr1 .
.Fa uaddr .
.El
.Pp
The request locks the umutex pointed to by the
@ -614,7 +697,7 @@ Pointer to the
.Vt struct ucond .
.It Fa val
Request flags, see below.
.It Fa uaddr1
.It Fa uaddr
Pointer to the umutex.
.It Fa uaddr2
Optional pointer to a
@ -624,7 +707,7 @@ for timeout specification.
.Pp
The request must be issued by the thread owning the mutex pointed to
by the
.Fa uaddr1
.Fa uaddr
argument.
The
.Dv c_hash_waiters
@ -633,7 +716,7 @@ member of the
pointed to by the
.Fa obj
argument, is set to an arbitrary non-zero value, after which the
.Fa uaddr1
.Fa uaddr
mutex is unlocked (following the appropriate protocol), and
the current thread is put to sleep on the sleep queue keyed by
the
@ -651,7 +734,7 @@ the same sleep queue, the
.Dv c_hash_waiters
member is cleared.
After wakeup, the
.Fa uaddr1
.Fa uaddr
umutex is not relocked.
.Pp
The following flags are defined:
@ -1084,6 +1167,58 @@ The
argument specifies the virtual address, which backing physical memory
byte identity is used as a key for the anonymous shared object
creation or lookup.
.It Dv UMTX_OP_ROBUST_LISTS
Register the list heads for the current thread's robust mutex lists.
The arguments to the request are:
.Bl -tag -width "It Fa obj"
.It Fa val
Size of the structure passed in the
.Fa uaddr
argument.
.It Fa uaddr
Pointer to the structure of type
.Vt struct umtx_robust_lists_params .
.El
.Pp
The structure is defined as
.Bd -literal
struct umtx_robust_lists_params {
uintptr_t robust_list_offset;
uintptr_t robust_priv_list_offset;
uintptr_t robust_inact_offset;
};
.Ed
.Pp
The
.Dv robust_list_offset
member contains address of the first element in the list of locked
robust shared mutexes.
The
.Dv robust_priv_list_offset
member contains address of the first element in the list of locked
robust private mutexes.
The private and shared robust locked lists are split to allow fast
termination of the shared list on fork, in the child.
.Pp
The
.Dv robust_inact_offset
contains a pointer to the mutex which might be locked in nearby future,
or might have been just unlocked.
It is typically set by the lock or unlock mutex implementation code
around the whole operation, since lists can be only changed race-free
when the thread owns the mutex.
The kernel inspects the
.Dv robust_inact_offset
in addition to walking the shared and private lists.
Also, the mutex pointed to by
.Dv robust_inact_offset
is handled more loosly at the thread termination time,
than other mutexes on the list.
That mutex is allowed to be not owned by the current thread,
in which case list processing is continued.
See
.Sx ROBUST UMUTEXES
subsection for details.
.El
.Sh RETURN VALUES
If successful,
@ -1106,7 +1241,7 @@ variable is set to indicate the error.
The
.Fn _umtx_op
operations will return the following errors:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.Bl -tag -width "Bq Er ENOTRECOVERABLE"
.It Bq Er EFAULT
One of the arguments point to invalid memory.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
@ -1145,7 +1280,7 @@ The
argument specifies invalid operation.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The
.Fa uaddr1
.Fa uaddr
argument for the
.Dv UMTX_OP_SHM
request specifies invalid operation.
@ -1162,6 +1297,21 @@ array during lock or unlock operations, is greater than
.Dv RTP_PRIO_MAX .
.It Bq Er EPERM
Unlock attempted on an object not owned by the current thread.
.It Bq Er EOWNERDEAD
The lock was requested on an umutex where the
.Dv m_owner
field was set to the
.Dv UMUTEX_RB_OWNERDEAD
value, indicating terminated robust mutex.
The lock was granted to the caller, so this error in fact
indicates success with additional conditions.
.It Bq Er ENOTRECOVERABLE
The lock was requested on an umutex which
.Dv m_owner
field is equal to the
.Dv UMUTEX_RB_NOTRECOV
value, indicating abandoned robust mutex after termination.
The lock was not granted to the caller.
.It Bq Er ENOTTY
The shared memory object, associated with the address passed to the
.Dv UMTX_SHM_ALIVE
@ -1197,7 +1347,7 @@ for read.
A try mutex lock operation was not able to obtain the lock.
.It Bq Er ETIMEDOUT
The request specified a timeout in the
.Fa uaddr1
.Fa uaddr
and
.Fa uaddr2
arguments, and timed out before obtaining the lock or being woken up.
@ -1211,6 +1361,27 @@ Mutex lock requests without timeout specified are restartable.
The error is typically not returned to userspace code, restart
is handled by usual adjustment of the instruction counter.
.El
.Sh BUGS
A window between a unlocking robust mutex and resetting the pointer in the
.Dv robust_inact_offset
member of the registered
.Vt struct umtx_robust_lists_params
allows another thread to destroy the mutex, thus making the kernel inspect
freed or reused memory.
The
.Li libthr
implementation is only vulnerable to this race when operating on
a shared mutex.
A possible fix for the current implementation is to strengthen the checks
for shared mutexes before terminating them, in particular, verifying
that the mutex memory is mapped from the POSIX shared object, allocated
by the
.Dv UMTX_OP_SHM
request.
This is not done because it is believed that the race is adequately
covered by other consistency checks, while adding the check would
prevent alternative implementations of
.Li libpthread .
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr clock_gettime 2 ,
.Xr mmap 2 ,

40
lib/libthr/libthr.3
View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd February 12, 2015
.Dd May 17, 2016
.Dt LIBTHR 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ for 32bit architectures.
The following environment variables are recognized by
.Nm
and adjust the operation of the library at run-time:
.Bl -tag -width LIBPTHREAD_SPLITSTACK_MAIN
.Bl -tag -width "Ev LIBPTHREAD_SPLITSTACK_MAIN"
.It Ev LIBPTHREAD_BIGSTACK_MAIN
Disables the reduction of the initial thread stack enabled by
.Ev LIBPTHREAD_SPLITSTACK_MAIN .
@ -198,7 +198,37 @@ The integer value of the variable specifies how often blocked
threads are inserted at the head of the sleep queue, instead of its tail.
Bigger values reduce the frequency of the FIFO discipline.
The value must be between 0 and 255.
.Pp
.El
The following
.Dv sysctl
MIBs affect the operation of the library:
.Bl -tag -width "Dv debug.umtx.robust_faults_verbose"
.It Dv kern.ipc.umtx_vnode_persistent
By default, a shared lock backed by a mapped file in memory is
automatically destroyed on the last unmap of the corresponding file's page,
which is allowed by POSIX.
Setting the sysctl to 1 makes such a shared lock object persist until
the vnode is recycled by the Virtual File System.
Note that in case file is not opened and not mapped, the kernel might
recycle it at any moment, making this sysctl less useful than it sounds.
.It Dv kern.ipc.umtx_max_robust
The maximal number of robust mutexes allowed for one thread.
The kernel will not unlock more mutexes than specified, see
.Xr _umtx_op
for more details.
The default value is large enough for most useful applications.
.It Dv debug.umtx.robust_faults_verbose
A non zero value makes kernel emit some diagnostic when the robust
mutexes unlock was prematurely aborted after detecting some inconsistency,
as a measure to prevent memory corruption.
.El
.Pp
The
.Dv RLIMIT_UMTXP
limit (see
.Xr getrlimit 2 )
defines how many shared locks a given user may create simultaneously.
.Sh INTERACTION WITH RUN-TIME LINKER
On load,
.Nm
@ -236,6 +266,12 @@ logs.
.Xr ld-elf.so.1 1 ,
.Xr getrlimit 2 ,
.Xr errno 2 ,
.Xr thr_exit 2 ,
.Xr thr_kill 2 ,
.Xr thr_kill2 2 ,
.Xr thr_new 2 ,
.Xr thr_self 2 ,
.Xr thr_set_name 2 ,
.Xr _umtx_op 2 ,
.Xr dlclose 3 ,
.Xr dlopen 3 ,